DEKANTER

Fungsi : memisahkan MMA dari campurannya berdasarkan densitas komponenya

Bentuk : horizontal silinder
Bahan : Carbon steel, SA-283 Grade C
Jumlah : 1 unit

Kondisi Operasi
P =
T =

Neraca Massa

Masuk (Arus 15)

Komponen
kmol/jam
CH3OH 1.319360343
H2O 22.0475325665
C5H8O2 89.2508467348
C4H7NO 0.0728578341
C4H7NOH2SO4 0
H2SO4 0
NH4HSO4 0
112.6905974784
Total
9370.3527065479

Menghitung viskositas dan densitas

Data Densitas Komponen

T= 35
Komponen A
CH3OH 0.27197
H2O 0.34710
C5H8O2 0.30985
C4H7NO 0.28033

Data Viskositas Komponen

T= 35
 Komponen A
CH3OH -9.0562
H2O -10.2158
C5H8O2 -4.7825
C4H7NO -2.3289

Umpan masuk

Komponen kg/jam
CH3OH 42.2195309771
H2O 396.8555861973
C5H8O2 8925.0846734775
C4H7NO 6.1929158959
Total 9370.3527065479

ρ =
μ =
Fv =

Produk atas

Komponen kg/jam
CH3OH 0.1688781239
H2O 2.3811335172
C5H8O2 8835.8338267428
C4H7NO 0
Total 8838.3838383838

ρ =
μ =
Fv =

Produk Bawah

Komponen kg/jam
CH3OH 42.0506528532
H2O 394.4744526801
C5H8O2 89.2508467348
C4H7NO 6.1929158959
Total 531.968868164
 ρ =
μ =
Fv =

Menghitung fase terdispersi

c =

Menghitung waktu tinggal dekanter

t =
=

Dari Coulson,J. M. Hal. 444 waktu tinggal cairan yang baik dalam dekanter berkisar 2
Dirancang t = 5
0.0833

Menghitung volume dekanter

VD

Over design
Volume dekanter
Direncanakan dekanter silinder horizontal didesign dengan perbandingan L/D
Tutup berbentuk torispherical dished head
Dengan :
VT = 0.000049. Di3 VT = volume torispherical head (f3)
Di = diameter volume tangki

sehingga:
Volume dekanter = Vol silinder + Vol tutup
V = Vol silinder + 2 Vol Head
V = 1
π Di 2 L  [ 2{0.000049 .(Di 3 )}]
4

1
366.8241 = π Di2. 2Di {(0,000098).
Di3}
4

366.8241 = 〖��〗 ^3 {2/4

𝜋+0,000098}

366.8241 = 〖��〗 ^3 {2/4 𝑥

3,14+0,000098}

366.8241 = Di3 x
366.8241 = 1.570098
D 3
= 233.6314
D = 6.1590
= 73.9080
= 1.8773
L = 3D
L = 18.4770
= 221.7241
= 5.6318

Menghitung volume fase ringan

Volume cairan (V1) = (𝑚1

𝑥 �)/𝜌1
V1 = 8838.3838

V1 = 8.1961

Menghitung volume fase berat

Volume cairan (V2) = (𝑚2

𝑥 �)/𝜌2
 V2 = 531.9689

V2 = 0.4619

Tinggi cairan
Hc = 1.5643866342

Menghitung tebal shell

P.ri
tS   C
f.E - 0.6P

Dimana :
ts = Tebal dinding shell, in
P = Tekanan design (Poperasi x 1.2)
ri = Jari-jari decanter
E = Effisiensi sambungan las
f = Tekanan maksimal yang diizinkan
C = Korosi yang diizinkan

ts = 0.1318 in

jadi, tebal shell minimum yang dibutuhkan adalah =

maka digunakan ketebalan shell standar =
=

Menentukan tebal head (th)

Direncanakan berbentuk torispherical

OD = 74.2830299635 in

OD standart = 78 in
Dari tabel 5-7 Brownell didapatkan data sebagai berikut:
OD : 78 in
ts : 0.1875 in
icr : 4 3/4 in
r: 78 in
 (Persamaan 7.77 Brownell and Young, 1959 hal :138)

w = 1.7630724503
th = 0.1377

Digunakan tebal standart = 3/16

= 0.1875

Menghitung tinggi head

nilai sf dengan th 3/16 " adalah 1 1/2 - 2" (tabel 5.4 Brownell)
dipilih nilai sf : 2
O D

ic r b
O A
B A

sf
r
ID

t
a

ID = 77.6250 in

a= 38.8125 in
AB = 34 1/9 in

BC = 73 1/4 in

AC = 64.8483507404

b= 13.1516492596

h Head = 15.3391 in
0.3896141808 m

Panjang Dekanter total

LD tot = 6.4110202448 m

Diameter Dekanter : 2.1370067483

Menentukan Settling Velocity dari Droplet Fase Terdispersi:

u 18. μ c
d  d
d
g. ρ d -ρ C 

d 2 .g.  ρ d - ρ C 
u d 
18. μ c
Data :
g= 9.81
ρd = 981.6061
ρc = 919.1775
μc = 0.000486
Ud = 1.5752
Menentukan Letak pipa

Dirancang pipa pengeluaran hasil atas diambil 90% dari tinggi dekanter
Z1 : 1.689537565 m
Tinggi pipa pemasukan(Z3) dirancang di tengah -tengah Z1.
Z3 : 0.8447687825 m
Menghitung tinggi pipa pengeluaran hasil bawah (Z2)
ρ1 : 919.1775 kg/m3
ρ2 : 981.6061 kg/m3

Z2 = 1.6358116229 m

Merancang pipa
a. Merancang Pipa pemasukan
asumsi : aliran turbulen
Qf = 0.003
= 0.0996
ρ = 57.5778331649

〖��〗 _𝑜𝑝�=3,9. 〖��〗 ^0,45. 𝜌^0,13

Di Opt = 2.3397

Diambil pipa standart Tabel 11.Kern, hal: 844

Nominal pipe size = 2 1/2
OD = 2.880
ID = 2.469
= 0.0627
 = 0.2058
Schedule Number = 40
Flow area (A) = 4.790
= 0.0031
= 0.0333

Kecepatan linier qf =
(v ) 
A
ID .  .v
Re  =

Karena Re ˃ 2100, maka dipilih aliran turbulen

b. Merancang Pipa Pengeluaran Bottom Product

asumsi : aliran turbulen
qf = 0.00015
= 0.0053
ρ = 61.2522

〖��〗 _𝑜𝑝�=3,9. 〖��〗 ^0,45. 𝜌^0,13

Di Opt = 0.6308

Diambil pipa standart Tabel 11.Kern, hal: 844

Nominal pipe size = 1
OD = 1.320
ID = 0.864
= 0.0219
= 0.0720
Schedule Number = 40
Flow area (A) = 0.864
= 0.0006
= 0.0060

Kecepatan linier qf =
(v ) 
A
ID .  .v
Re  =

Karena Re ˃ 2100, maka dipilih aliran turbulen
c. Merancang Pipa Pengeluaran Top Product
asumsi : aliran turbulen
qf = 0.00267
= 0.0943
ρ = 57.3567

〖��〗 _𝑜𝑝�=3,9. 〖��〗 ^0,45. 𝜌^0,13

Di Opt = 2.2817

Diambil pipa standart Tabel 11.Kern, hal: 844

Nominal pipe size = 2 1/2
OD = 2.880
ID = 2.469
= 0.0627
= 0.2058
Schedule Number = 40
Flow area (A) = 4.790
= 0.0031
= 0.0333

qf
Kecepatan linier (v )  =
A
ID .  .v
Re  =

Karena Re ˃ 2100, maka dipilih aliran turbulen
 1 atm
45 °C

Keluar
Masuk (Arus 15)
Arus 16 Arus 17
kg/jam xi kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam
42.2195309771 0.0117078121 0.005277441 0.1688781239 1.3140829017
396.855586197 0.1956466028 0.132285195 2.3811335172 21.9152473711
8925.08467348 0.7919990552 88.35833827 8835.8338267 0.8925084673
6.1929158959 0.0006465298 0 0 0.0728578341
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
9370.35270655 1 88.4959009 8838.3838384 24.1946965742
9370.3527065479 9370.3527065479

n
 T 
 1 

  AB  TC 
o
C 308 K
B n Tc ρ (g/ml) ρ (kg/m3)
0.27192 0.2331 512.58 0.778175473 778.1754725705
0.27400 0.28571 647.13 1.018409098 1018.409097827
0.25357 0.28571 553 0.919153476 919.1534755835
0.23985 0.2857 647 0.918711184 918.7111838975

o
C 308 K log vis =A+B/T+CT+DT2
 B C D μ, cp μ, (Ns/m2)
1.25E+03 2.24E-02 -2.35E-05 0.4752619987 0.000475262
1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05 0.7355598419 7.36E-04
7.35E+02 1.03E-02 -1.13E-05 0.485926964 4.86E-04
1.00E+03 2.83E-04 -8.15E-07 8.763392793 8.76E-03

Fraksi massa ρ (kg/m3) x.ρ (kg/m3) μ, cp x.μ, cp

0.0045056501 778.1754725705 3.506186426 0.4752619987 0.0021413643
0.042352257 1018.409097827 43.13192386 0.7355598419 0.0311526195
0.9524811875 919.1534755835 875.4763939 0.485926964 0.4628362917
0.0006609053 918.7111838975 0.607181103 8.763392793 0.0057917729
1 3634.4492298785 922.7217 10.4601 0.5019

922.7217 kg/m3
0.5019 cP = 0.0003372761 lb/f s
10.1551235388 m3/jam = 0.0028208676 m3/s

Fraksi massa ρ (kg/m3) x.ρ (kg/m3) μ, cp x.μ, cp

0.00001911 778.1754725705 0.014868874 0.4752619987 0.000009081
0.0002694082 1018.409097827 0.274367812 0.7355598419 0.0001981659
0.9997114844 919.1534755835 918.8882855 0.485926964 0.4857867665
0 918.7111838975 0 8.763392793 0
1.00000000 3634.4492298785 919.1775 10.4601 0.4860

919.1775 kg/m3
0.4860 cP = 0.0003265729 lb/f s
9.6155352208 m3/jam = 0.002670982 m3/s

Fraksi massa ρ (kg/m3) x.ρ (kg/m3) μ, cp x.μ, cp

0.0790472063 778.1754725705 61.5125971 0.4752619987 0.0375681332
0.7415367257 1018.409097827 755.1877478 0.7355598419 0.5454446368
0.1677745674 919.1534755835 154.2105768 0.485926964 0.0815261862
0.0116415006 918.7111838975 10.6951768 8.763392793 0.1020190424
1 3634.4492298785 981.6061 10.4601 0.7666
 981.6061 kg/m3
0.7666 cP = 0.0005151032 lb/f s
0.5419372078 m3/jam = 0.0001505381 m3/s

19.9451528041 > 3,3 maka heavy phase always dispersed

(Warren smith)

0.8523852434 jam
51.1431146022 menit

yang baik dalam dekanter berkisar 2-5 menit.

menit
jam

= 8.6560774491 m3
= 305.6867782918 f3

= 20%
= 1.2 x 305.6868
= 366.8241 f3
 = 3

me torispherical head (f3) (Pers. 5.11, Brownell hal 88)

eter volume tangki

er + Vol tutup
er + 2 Vol Head
2
L  [ 2{0.000049 .(Di 3 )}]

. 2Di{(0,000098).
Di3}

1.570098
D3
f3
f
in
m

f
in
m

x 0.8524
919.1775

m3
 x 0.8524
981.6061

m3

m Vc
Hc  xD
V

(Brownell, 1959. p. 254.,eq 13.1)

Pops = 1 atm =
Pdes = 1.2 x Pops psia =
=

= 2.94 psi
= 36.9540 in
= 0.85
= 18750 psi
= 0.125 in

0.1318 in
3/16 in
0.1875 in
in

in

t
m

Diambil diameter droplet, dd = 0.00015 m

= 150 μm (Coulson & Richardson's) hal 442

Ud = settling velocity, m/det

dd = diameter droplet, m
g = percepatan gravitasi = 9,81 m/det2
ρd , ρc = densitas fase yang terdispersi dan fase kontinyu, kg/m3
μc = viskositas fase kontinyu, N.det/m2

m/det2
kg/m3
kg/m3

m/s Tanda positif menunjukkan fase terdispersi/ heavy phase bergerak ke bawah
 Tinggi zat cair,Zt = 1.5644 m 1.4756

Lajumassabawah
tinggizatcairberat , Z Al  xtinggizatcair
lajumassa
Tinggi zat cair berat, Za1 = 0.0888 m

Dari Warren L. Mc.Cabe,1994, hal 34 :

  
Z  Z T  B 
 A
A2

Z  
A1
 
1   B 
 A 
Za2 = 1.4705 m

m3/s
f3/s
lb/ft3

in

in
in
m
ft

in2
m2
ft2

2.9948 ft/s

105190.9915

m3/s
f3/s
lb/ft3

in

in
in
m
ft

in2
m2
ft2

0.8860 ft/s

7586.029113
m3/s
f3/s
lb/ft3

in

in
in
m
ft

in2
m2
ft2

2.8357 ft/s

102470.9642
 Arus 17
kg/jam
42.0506528532
394.4744526801
89.2508467348
6.1929158959
0
0
0
531.968868164
5479
= 0.000501922 Ns/m2

= 0.000485994 Ns/m2 = 0.000000135 kg/m s

= 2.129322E-07 kg/ms

(Wallas, p.857)
 14.7 psia
17.64 psia
2.94 psig
son's) hal 442

spersi/ heavy phase bergerak ke bawah

m
NERACA PANAS

Feed
Dekanter

Kondisi Operasi
T = 45
P = 1

(Yaws,C.L.,”Chemical Properties Handbook”,1999)

HEAT CAPACITY OF LIQUID
Cp= A+B.T+C.T2+D.T3 (Cp=Joule/mol.K)
Komponen
A B C
CH3OH 40.152 3.10E-01 -1.03E-03
H2O 92.053 -4.00E-02 -2.11E-04
C5H8O2 42.365 1.08E+00 -3.16E-03
C4H7NO 55.844 1.34E+00 -3.44E-03
C4H7NOH2SO4 -90.764 1.71E+00 -3.54E-03
H2SO4 26.004 7.03E-01 -1.39E-03
NH4HSO4 95.016 -3.11E-02 9.68E-07

Neraca Massa

Masuk (Arus 15)

Komponen
kmol/jam kg/jam
CH3OH 1.319360343 42.2195309771
H2O 22.0475325665 396.855586197
C5H8O2 89.2508467348 8925.08467348
C4H7NO 0.0728578341 6.1929158959
C4H7NOH2SO4 0 0
H2SO4 0 0
NH4HSO4 0 0
112.6905974784 9370.35270655
Total
 Total
9370.3527065479

Neraca Panas
Umpan
T = 45
T ref = 25
Komponen kmol/jam kg/jam
CH3OH 1.319360343 42.2195309771
H2O 22.0475325665 396.855586197
C5H8O2 89.2508467348 8925.08467348
C4H7NO 0.0728578341 6.1929158959
C4H7NOH2SO4 0 0
H2SO4 0 0
NH4HSO4 0 0
Total 112.6905974784 9370.35270655

Top Product

Komponen kmol/jam kg/jam

CH3OH 0.0052774414 0.1688781239
H2O 0.1322851954 2.3811335172
C5H8O2 88.3583382674 8835.83382674
C4H7NO 0 0
C4H7NOH2SO4 0 0
H2SO4 0 0
NH4HSO4 0 0
Total 88.4959009042 8838.38383838

Bottom Product

Komponen kmol/jam kg/jam

CH3OH 1.3140829017 42.0506528532
H2O 21.9152473711 394.47445268
C5H8O2 0.8925084673 89.2508467348
C4H7NO 0.0728578341 6.1929158959
C4H7NOH2SO4 0 0
 H2SO4 0 0
NH4HSO4 0 0
Total 24.1946965742 531.968868164

Neraca Panas

Keluar (kJ/jam)
Komponen Masuk (kJ/jam)
Top
CH3OH 2132.4134 8.5297
H2 O 33230.2142 199.3813
C5 H 8 O 2 331361.6016 328047.9856
C4H7NO 360.6885 -
C4H7NOH2SO4 - -
H2SO4 - -
NH4HSO4 - -
328255.8965
Total 367084.9176
367084.9176
 Light Product
kanter

Heavy product

°C
atm

/mol.K)
D
〖∆𝐻〗 _ =∑▒ 〖� _� ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓^𝑇��▒ 〖𝐶𝑝�
1.46E-06
𝑑𝑇〗〗
5.35E-07 𝐶𝑝=𝐴+𝐵𝑇+𝐶𝑇^2+�𝑇^3
3.78E-06 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇=𝐴𝑇+𝐵/2 𝑇^2+𝐶/3 𝑇^3+�/4
3.62E-06 𝑇^4
2.77E-06
1.03E-06
5.51E-09

Keluar
Arus 15)
Arus 16 Arus 17
xi kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
0.0117078121 0.0052774414 0.1688781239 1.314083 42.05065
0.1956466028 0.1322851954 2.3811335172 21.91525 394.4745
0.7919990552 88.3583382674 8835.8338267 0.892508 89.25085
0.0006465298 0 0 0.072858 6.192916
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
1 88.4959009042 8838.3838384 24.1947 531.9689
7065479 9370.3527065479

°C = 318 K
°C = 298 K
Fraksi mol (xi) ∫ Cp dT Q (kJ/jam)
0.0117078121 1616.247920085 2132.4134103
0.1956466028 1507.207850079 33230.214159
0.7919990552 3712.699808416 331361.60157
0.0006465298 4950.579460256 360.68849686
0 3627.821953547 0
0 2828.028794475 0
0 1713.922209667 0
1 19956.50799652 367084.91764

Fraksi mol (xi) ∫ Cp dT Q (kJ/jam)

5.963486804E-05 1616.247920085 8.5296536411
0.0014948172 1507.207850079 199.38128495
0.9984455479 3712.699808416 328047.98556
0 4950.579460256 0
0 3627.821953547 0
0 2828.028794475 0
0 1713.922209667 0
1 19956.50799652 328255.8965

Fraksi mol (xi) ∫ Cp dT Q (kJ/jam)

0.054312849 1616.247920085 2123.8837566
0.9057872375 1507.207850079 33030.832874
0.0368885993 3712.699808416 3313.6160157
0.0030113142 4950.579460256 360.68849686
0 3627.821953547 0
 0 2828.028794475 0
0 1713.922209667 0
1 19956.50799652 38829.021143

Keluar (kJ/jam)
Bottom
2123.8838
33030.8329
3313.6160
360.6885
-
-
-
38829.0211
367084.9176