PERANCANGAN JARINGAN SELULER

(COVERAGE)

MZS
PENDAHULUAN

3 3 3

2 2 2

1 1 1

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

1 1 1 1

3 3 3

2 2 2 2

1 1
Site Types

Site's Types

Micro Site Macro Site Repeater Site

Indoor Street Level Outdoor Indoor

Roof Top COW Green Field

Stuptower Poles Tower Monopole

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Garis Besar Design Seluler
START Kapasitas
Prediksi trafik yang 
Analisa kapasitas  dibutuhkan sampai 
yang dibutuhkan   dengan beberapa 
Atot = (Erlang) tahun ke depan  END
Kapasitas sistem dari 
(Analisis statistik 
demand)
Kualitas
BW yang 
dialokasikan         Asel
= (Erlang / sel) 
OPTIMASI Yes
• Threshold Handover
Jumlah sel                   • Daya Pancar No
• Noise Figure, dll KUALITAS
Atot /Asel = (sel) 
OKE ?

Luas AreaPelayanan
LuasSel 
JumlahSel
Analisa Pathloss  
LuasSel
Jari Jari Sel  Analisa Link Budget 
2,6 Perhitungan Daya 
Frequency Planning Coverage
 CELL PLANNING PROCESS
System Growth T
Initial Planning
Coraffic
Quaverag
. lity e
.
.

Tra es
Dataffic lan Sit
ll P
Ce
n
Traffic & Coverage
Capacity & Coverage  FQ
Pla

Dimensioning
analysis

Nominal
System tuning cell plan

ign
ll detsa
ap Ce da
v. m
Co
Implementation ec
on
f.
Surveys
Sit

System design

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Alur Perencanaan Seluler
(Capacity and Coverage Base)
Alur Penentuan Tinggi Menara Pemancar (BTS)
Alur Penentuan Prediksi Redaman
(Model Okumura Hatta)
Alur Penentuan Prediksi Redaman
Alur Penentuan Daya Pancar BTS
Alur Penentuan Daya Pancar BTS

Gain antenna,
Beam antenna

Feeder Loss

Tx Power
Receiver Sensitivity
Noise Figure, dll
Alur Penentuan Daya Pancar BTS

DownLink Power Link Budget
Alur Penentuan Daya Pancar BTS
Uplink Power Link Budget
Path Loss Balance

Since the coverage range in UL should be the same as the coverage range in DL, the radio 
link must be balanced:

Maximum allowable path loss in UL = Maximum allowable path loss in DL

Considering the link budget, usually the UL is the bottleneck, i.e. the maximum allowable 
path loss is determined by the UL and not by the DL, although:

• The BS receiver sensitivity is usually better than the MS receiver sensitivity.
• Diversity is usually only used in the receive path.

In case of an unbalanced link with weak UL, the UL sensitivity and therefore also the UL 
coverage range can be increased by using tower mounted amplifiers.

14
Alur Penentuan Daya Pancar BTS

Prinsip Power Link Budget
Fading Margin
Fading Margin
• Fading

2 main type of fading..
•Normal Fading (slow fading): Shadowing effect (10‐20M).
•Rayleigh fading (fast fading): Multi path fading (17 cm).

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Fading Margin

Shadowing FadingLog Normal Fading
Power Budget
• Power Budget Equation:
Get D radius 
•Output power of  •Base station  •Losses due to the  •Margins due to any  of cell
the cabinet..  antenna gain air propagation (2  excepted obstacles 
determined  rays model ,multi  (Cars, Buildings, 
according to the  path model…etc) Body lose…etc)
cabinet type •Function in 
Distance.

Pre= Pcab‐ Lfeeder +Gbant‐ Lcoupling‐ Lair inetrface‐ Lfading‐ Lmargin+ Gmant

•Power received form  •Feeder loses. •Coupling losses that  •Losses due to the  •Mobile station  

mobile… determined  represent the ratio  air fading (slow 
according to  antenna again
of the obtained  fading & fast 
•1‐ Coverage threshold.
•2‐reqirued C/I. power from the  fading).
mobile to the total  •Function in 
power of the  Distance.
antenna
•(3050 db)

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Example Link Budget

1x DOrA 1x DOrA
FDD FDD FDD FDD
850 850 1900 1900
Data Rate [kbps] 9.6 67.7 9.6 67.7 A
Max MS Tx [Watts] 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 B
Max MS Tx [dBm] 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 C=10*LOG(B/0.001)
MS Antenna Gain [dBi] 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D
Body Loss [dB] 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 E
EIRP [Watts] 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
EIRP [dBm] 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 F=C+D-E
BTS Antenna Gain [dBi] 15.5 15.5 18.0 18.0 G
BTS RX Cable Loss [dB] 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 H
BTS Noise Figure [dB] 5 5 5 5 I
J=10*LOG(1.379*10^(-
BTS Rx Noise Power [dBm/Hz] -169.0 -169.0 -169.0 -169.0
23)*1000*290)+I
Interference Margin [dB] 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 K
BTS Rx Interference Power [dBm/Hz] -165.3 -165.3 -165.3 -165.3 L=10*LOG(10^((J+K)/10)-10^(J/10))
Rx Noise+Interference Power [dBm/Hz] -163.8 -163.8 -163.8 -163.8 M=10*LOG(10^(J/10)+10^(L/10))
Eb/No [dB] 9.25 1.54 9.25 1.54 N
BTS Rx Sensitivity [dBm] -114.7 -113.9 -114.7 -113.9 O=M+N+10*LOG(A*1000)
Cell Edge Confidence [%] 90% 90% 90% 90%
Log Normal Fading Margin [dB] 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9
Shadowing Margin with Hard Handoff
11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4
[dB]
Effective Shadowing Margin [dB] 4.6 5.9 4.6 5.9 P
General MAPL [dB] 142.62 140.54 145.12 143.04 Q=F-O+G-H-P 20
Example Link Budget (cont)..

Dense Urban Bldg Penetr Loss [dB] 20.0 20.0 18.0 18.0 R
Urban Bldg Penetr Loss [dB] 19.0 19.0 17.0 17.0 S
Suburban Bldg Penetr Loss [dB] 14.0 14.0 13.0 13.0 T
Rural Bldg Penetr Loss [dB] 11.0 11.0 10.0 10.0 U

Dense Urban MAPL [dB] 122.6 120.5 127.1 125.0 V=Q-R

Urban MAPL [dB] 123.6 121.5 128.1 126.0 W=Q-S
Suburban MAPL [dB] 128.6 126.5 132.1 130.0 X=Q-T
Rural MAPL [dB] 131.6 129.5 135.1 133.0 Y=Q-U

DOrA
1X 850 DOrA 850 1X 1900 1900
Dense Urban Radius [km] 0.67 0.58 0.43 0.38
Urban Radius [km] 0.87 0.76 0.56 0.49
Suburban Radius [km] 2.3 2.0 1.6 1.4
Rural Radius [km] 12.6 11.0 9.8 8.5

Dense Urban Cell Area (sq km) 1.16 0.89 0.48 0.37
Urban Cell Area (sq km) 1.96 1.50 0.81 0.62
Suburban Cell Area (sq km) 13.59 10.36 6.69 5.10
Rural Cell Area (sq km) 414.13 312.11 247.62 186.62

Dense Urban Eff Ant Ht [m] 30 30 30 30

Urban Eff Ant Ht [m] 30 30 30 30
Suburban Eff Ant Ht [m] 30 30 30 30 21
Rural Eff Ant Ht [m] 50 50 50 50
Macro Site

• Green filed:

Equipment

Antennas

Used to provide coverage for wide indoor/outdoor rural areas (all Roads)

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Macro Site

• Roof top:

Antennas

Used to provide coverage and capacity for wide indoor/outdoor urban areas (all cities

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Macro Site

• COW (Cell on Wheels):

Used as a temporary solution to provide

Coverage or Capacity for certain duration
(Events).

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Micro Site

• Street level:

Used to provide street level coverage for high capacity areas

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Micro Site
• Indoor:

Used to provide In-building coverage with high capacity demands (Big

hotels).

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