Industrial Trianing 1

SCADA IN KPTCL
Abstract
Development of nation depends upon electricity energy and at present scenario there is large gap
between electric generation and load. This gap can be filled with proper control, monitoring and
coordinating the distribution components at power sector. In this view, Automation of power
distribution system has increasingly been adopted by power utilities worldwide in recent years.
As part of its efforts to provide a more reliable supply to the customer and to enhance operational
efficiency. The automation of the power system can be achieved by SCADA. It is a boon to the
automation concept of dynamic technology. SCADA refers to “SUPERVISORY CONTROL &
DATA ACQUISITION”.
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL) has undertaken steps to automate
existing substation and new substation by use of most advanced controlling and monitoring
technology ABB SCADA. Project was conceived in the year 2002, tenders floated in the year
2006 and project awarded to M/S ABB in December 2006. 220/110/11kV Receiving Station
Bijapur near Shivgiri Ukkali road and 110/11kV Receiving Station Bijapur at City were some of
the substations automated in this project.
Monitoring, controlling and coordinating the distribution equipments and trouble shooting at
fault are challenging task for engineers. These aspects make the power and energy system
engineers to know more about controlling of power system. In this view training has been taken
under Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL) at Bijapur.
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL), presently with the help of
SCADA covers major generating stations and Independent Power Producers (IPP), receiving
stations ranging from 33kV to 400kV, collects data from all feeders from 11 KV to 400 KV,
upgrades information to Load Despatch Center (LDC). Real time data acquisition from all
interface points by SCADA, helps to perform energy billing, energy audit and Availability Based
Tariff (ABT) functions, and Sub-system to perform Open Access operations.
M.Tech in Power and Energy System, EEED, BEC, Bagalkot. 0

SCADA IN KPTCL
1. Introduction
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited is mainly vested with the functions of
Transmission of power in the entire State of Karnataka. To transmit and distribute power in the
State, it operates nearly 1042 sub-stations over 32,000 km of transmission lines with voltages of
66 KV and above. The 33 kV substations are owned and operated by the ESCOMs. To monitor
and control all substations remotely, KPTCL has undergone substation automation through
SCADA.
Substation Automation (SA) is a system to enable an electric utility to remotely monitor, control
and coordinate the distribution components installed in substation. High speed microprocessor
based Remote Terminals Units (RTUs) or Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) are used for
substation automation and protection. These RTUs or IEDs are installed in strategic locations for
collection of system data and automatic protection of substation equipment [1]. Considering
economic aspect, instead of replacing all existing substation equipment for purpose SCADA,
KPTCL provides Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) at old substation for remote control. Thus at
110/11 kV substation Bijapur installed with RTU 560A. For new substations Substation
Automation System (SAS) is being used for automation. Thus at 220/110/11kV substation near
Shivgiri has both remote and local control by installing ABB’s IED 670. Data communication
protocols used for 110 kV substation are MODBUS, RS485, RS232, and for 220kV substation
are IEC61850, Optical Fiber Cable (OFC). Information collected from substations is
communicated through VSAT to Master Control Center (MCC).
In this training report effort has been made to explain SCADA implementation at 110/11kV and
220/110/11kVsubstations as both are different. Report consists of about SCADA technology,
SCADA connections at substation, equipment details used for SCADA, communication
protocols. Brief explanation on operation and working of Load Despatch Center is also included
in report. Thus concluding that SCADA has provided real time data acquisition, data sharing &
analysis, supervisory control, remote operation, reduces man power, helps in decision making,
and access to risky areas and multiple controls from single point.

SCADA IN KPTCL
2. SCADA technology
The ability to perform operations at an unattended location from an attended station or operating
center and to have a definite indication that the operations have been successfully carried out can
provide significant cost saving in the operation of a system. This is exactly what is achieved
through the SCADA system. A formal definition of SCADA system, as recommended by IEEE,
is “A collection of equipment that will provide an operator at a remote location with sufficient
information to determine the status of particular equipment or a process and cause actions to take
place regarding that equipment or process without being physically present”.
2. 1. Common system components:
A SCADA System usually consists of the following subsystems [2]:
i. A Human Machine Interface (HMI) is the apparatus which presents process data to a
human operator, and through this, the human operator monitors and controls the
process.
ii. A supervisory (computer) system, gathering (acquiring) data on the process and
sending commands (control) to the process.
iii. Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) connecting to sensors in the process, converting
sensor signals to digital data and sending digital data to the supervisory system.
iv. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) used as field devices because they are more
economical, versatile, flexible, and configurable than special purpose RTUs.
v. Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory system to the RTUs.
2. 2. Typical SCADA system:
A typical SCADA system as shown in figure 1, is comprised of both software and
hardware components [3].
i. SCADA software, typically running on a plant-based computer, acts as a human-

machine-interface (HMI) to the control system. The SCADA software reads data
from the controller module, displays the data in a timely manner and optionally logs
the data to a local hard drive. SCADA software can also be configured to generate
and log alarms based on user-defined alarm conditions as well as send command
messages to the CPU module.

SCADA IN KPTCL
ii. SCADA hardware includes a central processing unit (CPU or controller module) that
receives data from field sensors, determines control actions based on user-
programmed logic, and then sends control commands to field devices.
SCADA HMI
Software on PC
Computer
Control
Hardware
Communication Protocol
Field Sensors
Power Controller AIN DIN AOUT DOUT

Module (CPU)
Supply Module Module Module Module
Field Devices
Fig 1: A Typical SCADA System [3]
2. 3. SCADA for Power Transmission:

Present day power systems have large interconnected networks. The success of the recently
evolving electricity market structure will heavily depend on modern information systems and
online decision tools. Maintaining system security, reliability, quality, stability and ensuring
economic operation are the major operating concerns. Online monitoring, operation and control
of the modern day power systems have become impossible without computer aided monitoring
& dispatching systems. The basic requirement to fulfill these needs is SCADA.
SCADA provides open architecture rather than a vendor controlled proprietary environment. It
interfaces hardware and software, and it includes functionality such as trending, alarm handling,
logging archiving, report generation, and facilitation of automation. Thus SCADA has been used

SCADA IN KPTCL
has powerful tool for power system automation, that refers to automatic switching, regulating,
controlling, logging, protection etc. of electric power flow without human intervention.
2. 4. SCADA Manufactures:
i. Modicon (Telemecanique) Visual look
ii. Allen Bradly : RS View
iii. Siemens: win cc
iv. Gefanc:
v. KPIT : ASTRA
vi. Intelution : Aspic
vii. Wonderware : Intouch
2. 5. SCADA Benefits:
i. SCADA increases reliability.
ii. It helps in forecasting accurate demand supply management.
iii. It reduces maintenance cost and helps in monitoring of process at remote place.
iv. It reduces human influence and errors.
v. It assists operator for faster decision making.
vi. It helps in automated meter reading and easy fault diagnosis.
3. Brief description of SCADA Project in KPTCL
Prior to implementation of Integrated Extended SCADA (IES) project KPTCL had total of 63
RTUs covering 220 kV, 400 kV and generating stations, only main control systems and 21 RTUs

SCADA IN KPTCL
were acquired. KPTCL set up its own VSAT network to provide the communication back bone
during 1998, the uptime of VSAT network since then is greater than 99.95% [4].
Integrated Extended SCADA (IES) project was implemented to provide reliable, uninterrupted,
quality power to the consumers and provide secure operation and control of the Power System in
the country leading to ‘GRID DISCIPLINE’. For speedy and efficient decision-making and for
running the power system at maximum economy IES project was implemented.
3.1. Objective of IES Project:

i. A common integrated solution to cater to the network extending to the entire state of
Karnataka – covering 854 Stations of Transmission, Generation and Distribution
companies in the I phase.
ii. Integrated Solution for Energy Auditing, Energy Billing and Availability Based Tariff
to meet regulator’s requirement.
iii. Integration of all Sub-station and Generating Station Automation systems.
iv. Data to all ESCOMs for scheduling and monitoring.
v. Facilitate Integration to other “down the line” Distribution Systems of ESCOM.
3.2. Features of IES Project:
i. SCADA to cover receiving stations ranging from 33kV to 400kV.
ii. SCADA to cover Major Generating stations and IPPs.
iii. Data from all feeders from 11 kV to 400 kV.
iv. Area Load Despatch Centre for Six Transmission Zones.
v. Distribution Control Centre for five ESCOMs.
vi. Upgradation of State Load Despatch Centre.
vii. EB/EA/ABT system to perform Energy Billing, Energy Audit and Availability Based
Tariff functions.
viii. Sub-system to perform Open Access operations.
ix. Real time Energy Data Acquisition from all Interface points.
x. Energy Management System and Distribution Management System.
xi. Privately owned VSAT Hub and network with leased bandwidth from INSAT 3A
xii. Disaster Recovery Hub.
3.3. Project information:
i. Project conceived in the year 2002.
ii. Draft specifications prepared in-house from 2002 to 2005.
iii. Specifications vetted by an Expert Committee including members from IISc, CPRI
and experts from the field.
iv. Tenders floated in the year 2006.

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v. Project awarded to M/S ABB in December 2006.
vi. Project period : 24 months
vii. Project cost : Rs.186 crores
viii. BESCOM share : Rs.11.2 crores
3.4. IES Components:
i. SCADA Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) ABB Model 560
ii. HP make Servers for SCADA, Data EMS and DMS
iii. HP Work stations for Engineering and Operation
iv. HP make Server for Dispatcher Training Simulator
v. Multi Frequency Time Division Multiple Access (MFTDMA) communication Hub

for VSAT operation of Gilat Israel
vi. Network Manager SCADA and EMS software of ABB Sweden
vii. Oracle 11i for database
viii. Windows XP and MS office 2003 for Work stations
ix. IEC 104 protocol for RTU- Control centre communication
x. Meter Interface card of ABB for Energy meter integration.
xi. Cisco routers for communication interfaces
xii. Bandwidth from INSAT 3A
xiii. OFC solution from BSNL.
3.5. KPTCL SCADA System Architecture:
Figure 2 shows SCADA system architecture at KPTCL. It consists of 16 control centers, which
includes the Main Control Centers (MCC), a Disaster Recovery Centre (DRMCC), Area Load
Despatch Centers (ALDC) for the Transmission Zones and Distribution Control Centers (DCC)
for the ESCOMs.

SCADA IN KPTCL
Fig 2: SCADA System Architecture at KPTCL [4].
List of control centers:
i. Main Load Despatch center (LDC) – 1 No.

ii. Master Control Centers (MCC) – 2 No. i.e., MCC 1 and MCC 2.
iii. Disaster Recovery Master Control Center – 2 No. i.e., DRMCC 1 and DRMCC 2.
iv. Area Load Despatch Centers (ALDC)for the Transmission Zones – 6 No. they are
a. Bangalore Transmission Zone (BNG TRZ).
b. Tumkur Transmission Zone (TMK TRZ).
c. Mysore Transmission Zone (MYS TRZ).
d. Hassan Transmission Zone (HSN TRZ).
e. Bagalkot Transmission Zone (BGK TRZ).
f. Gulbarga Transmission Zone (GLB TRZ).
v. Distribution Control Centers (DCCs) for the ESCOMs – 5 No. they are
a. Bangalore Electricity Company (BESCOM).
b. Mysore Electricity Company (MESCOM).
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c. Hubli Electricity Company (HESCOM).

d. Gulbarga Electricity Company (GESCOM).
e. Central Electricity Company (CESCOM).
All the Transmission RTUs communicate to MCC-1 & Distribution RTUs communicate to
MCC-2. The total system is configured with 72 servers and 115 operator workstations.
Communication is on a owned VSAT HUB and Leased Lines for Inter control Centre
Communication [4].
4. Study of SCADA Implemented Substations at Bijapur
According to features of Integrated Extended SCADA project, KPTCL covers all receiving
substation ranging from 33 kV to 400 kV. 110/11kV Bijapur receiving station at City was one of
old station to acquire data, monitor and to control remotely SCADA was implemented at this
station under IES project I phase. 220/110/11kV substation Bijapur near Shivgiri is newest
station which was fully automated with SCADA for remote as well as local control under IES
project. Implementation, working, equipment used at both station are different, hence detailed
study of both stations is described in this section.
4.1. CASE I – 110 kV City Sub station
Location
State : Karnataka
City : Bijapur
Area : Near RTO, Ibrhampur
4.1.1. Over view of substation
SCADA IN KPTCL
110 kV substation is situated at Ibrhampur near RTO office Bijapur. It receives power supply from 220
kV substation Bijapur (double lines) and distribute power to local Bijapur areas such as JalNagar, Jumma
masjid etc (feeders).
4.1.2. SCADA Implementation:
Under Integrated Extended SCADA (IES) Project, adaptation works were basically carried out
on the oldest substation as old as 50 years. Adaptation works for 600 sub station was carried out
and completed in a record time of one year. During this 110 kV City substation Bijapur was
undergone, as it is old substation there was need to acquire data from existing equipment.
Renewing all equipment or replacing old equipment by new equipment will increase cost, it is
not economical also. Thus KPTCL took step to automate existing substation by installing
RTU560A SCADA for automation and send all information to Master Control Center (MCC).
Figure 3 gives general block diagram of implementation of SCADA at all old substation in that
110/11kV substation Bijapur was one of substation.
Existing SCADA RTU Mater Control

Substation 560A Center (MCC)
110/11 kV
Fig 3: General Block diagram of Implementation SCADA
According to abbreviation of SCADA, Supervision, Control And Data acquisition are the main
tasks to be carried out at every substation. Supervision - of the incoming line, Control and Relay
Panels (C&R panel), Control - Switch gear and data acquisition - such as Voltage (phase), current
(phase), active and reactive power, frequency etc. Table 1 gives information about parameters,
input and output, relation of these with SCADA at 110/11 kV substations.
Table 1: SCADA, I/O and parameters used at 110/11 kV substation.
SCADA Supervision Control Data Acquisition

Input/Output Digital input Digital output Analog input
Observation • Status indication • Switch Gears • Measured
• Control & relay panel • CT & PT
value such as

SCADA IN KPTCL
voltage current
etc.
Supervision, Control and Data Acquisition at 110 kV City station Bijapur is done by installing
ABB’s RTU 560A which consists of all facilities that required for automation.
 About Remote Terminal unit (RTU)

The RTU connects to physical equipment. Typically, an RTU converts the electrical
signals from the equipment to digital values such as the open/closed status from a switch
or a value, or measurements such as pressure, flow, voltage or current. By converting and
sending these electrical signals out to equipment the RTU can control equipment.
4.1.3. SCADA Equipments to Substation:

At 110/11kV city substation Bijpaur, consists of the following SCADA equipments. They
are:
i. RTU 560A along with IF panel.
ii. VSAT
• Antenna,
• IDU,
• 8 port switch ,
• telephone
iii. 2 kVA UPS (Power One make) along with
• 8 No of 100Ah, 12V cells
• Battery stand
• ACDB
I. RTU 560A :
Transmission and distribution networks are frequently being expanded, often resulting in
more complex networks. The task of monitoring and controlling the energy transportation
in order to achieve an economical operation. ABB’s solution for transmission and
distribution application requirement is Remote Terminal Unit system RTU560. Within the
RTU560 family the communication unit and the I/O board family is a hardware system
based on standard European format cards. To meet the requirements for typical medium
stations with only some communication links on one side and large or modern stations
with a higher number of IEDs on the other side, the RTU560, based on European format
cards, is available in two versions [5]:

SCADA IN KPTCL
 RTU 560A for configurations with higher demands on communications links. The
parallel wired process interface is still part of the configuration.
 RTU 560C for typical stations with a parallel wired process interface and some
communication links only.
Fig 4: ABB RTU560A Panel at 110/11 kV substation.
The SCADA RTU560A as sown in figure 4 is small ruggedized computer, which provides
intelligence in the field. It allows the central SCADA master to communicate with the field
instruments. It is stand alone data acquisition and control unit. Its function is to control process

SCADA IN KPTCL
equipment at the remote site such as to open or close the circuit breakers. It acquires data from
the equipment and transfers the data back to the central SCADA system.
Features of RTU 560A:
• 4 serial communication interfaces for host communication
• 32 MB Flash Memory
• 8 MB RAM
• Web Server
• PC104 module with CPU 486/66MHz
• PLC capable
Components of RTU 560A:

SCADA IN KPTCL
Fig 5: Components of RTU 560A.
Figure 5 shows components of RTU 560A, it consists of Basic rack (top rack) with CPU and
communication ports, Extension rack 1 (2nd rack) with Digital Input card (DI) Analog Input card
(AI) and Analog Output card (AO). Digital Output card (DO) at Extension rack 2 (3 rd rack) and
each rack is supported by separate power supply cards. For load alarm annunciation, there is rack
called SCADA annunciation panel. Table 2 gives details of components and their function.
Table 2 : Details of RTU 560A component.
Sl No. Components Quantity Function

1 Multifunction Transducer (MFT) 30 30 no. of bays data can be
collected.
2 Digital Input Card (DI card) 8 Each card supports 16 digital
inputs.
3 Digital output Card (DO card) 5 Each card supports 16 digital
outputs.
4 Analog Input Card (AI card) 3 Each card supports 8 inputs.
(DC Voltage, Tap position…)
5 Analog Output Card (AO card) 1 2 linear control
6 Digital Output Relays 80 40 breakers can be controlled.
(One relay for trip, one for close )
7 Meter Interface card 1 For acquiring ABT Energy meters
located at IF points
8 Communication Card 2 Each having 4 ports for
communication.
9 AC-DC Converter 2 For providing DC power supply
to rack (48 V).
10 SCADA Control Annunciator 1 Provides alarm for operator.
11 Optocoupler 3 To isolate voltages (110V dc &
48V).

SCADA IN KPTCL
Description of RTU 560A components:
1. Multifunction Transducer (MFT): A Transducer is a device, usually electrical,

electronic, or electro-mechanical, that converts one type of energy to another for the purpose of
measurement or information transfer. At substation multifunction transducers are used change an
electrical quantity such as voltage, current, power or frequency into a proportional dc output.
Fig 6: Multifunction transducer.
Multi-function transducers are used for measuring wide range of analog values in a 3-phase 4-
wire and 3-phase 3-wire balanced and unbalanced systems. Figure 6 shows MFT used at 110/11
kV substation, it can measure 96 electrical parameters from single transducer. MFT with latest
technology provides combination of high accuracy and comprehensive functionality. They have
compact structure and MODBUS RTU support for remote interrogation of energy and
instantaneous parameters. Table 3 shows technical specifications.
Table 3 : Technical specification of MFT
Sl No. Parameter Values

1 Connection type 3 phase 4 wire
2 Communication protocol MODBUS
3 Output current 4-20mA
4 Parameters measured Voltage, current , frequency, active power,
reactive power, energy import and export.

SCADA IN KPTCL
2. Digital Input Card (DI card): Status indication from control & relay panel are given to
DI card. At substation binary input board 23BE23 is used for the isolated input of up to 16 binary
process signals. Scanning and processing of the inputs are executed with the high time resolution
of 1 ms. Allocation of an input to a processing function can be done according to the rules of
configuration. Figure 7 shows 23BE23 binary input board.
Fig 7: Binary input board 23BE23.
The board has sixteen light emitting diodes to indicate the signal-state. The LEDs are organized
in two columns on the front plate. The LED follows directly the input. The 23BE23 board has a
buffer which allows the temporary storage of 50 time-stamped event messages in chronological
order designated for transmission to the communication unit. Table 4 shows technical
specification of 23BE23 DI card.
Table 4 : Technical specification of 23BE23 DI card

1 Power supply 5V, 140mA
2 Inputs 16, in 2 groups of 8 with
common return per group
3 Input voltage 24, 48, 60 V DC
log. 0: ≤ + 9 V
log. 1: ≥ +18 V
4 Input current Typically. 2 mA
for 24 to 60 V DC

SCADA IN KPTCL
3. Digital output Card (DO card): Connection from switch gear is connected to DO card.
At substation binary output board 23BA20 is used. The binary output is made via relay contacts.
Resistive loads of up to 60 W can be switched with output voltages between 24 and 60 V DC.
The process relays to be switched have to be equipped with zero voltage diodes. Figure 8 shows
23BA20 DO card. Operating status and faults are displayed by light emitting diodes on the front
panel of the 23BA20, ST: Common malfunction information of the board, PST: Command
output fault condition display when the monitoring system responds CO: Command output
display during output time. Table 5 gives technical specification of the binary output 23BA20
card.
Fig 8: Binary output board 23BA20.
Table 5 : Technical specification of 23BA20 DO card.

1 Power supply 5 V / 120 mA, 24 V / ±10 mA per relay
2 Outputs 16 relay contacts single pole, 2 groups of 8
with common return.
3 Relay max. switching voltage 60 V DC
4 Continuous current ± 4A
4. Analog Input Card (AI card): At substation analog input card 23AE23 is interfaced to
CT and PT at field for measurement. The 23AE23 board records up to eight analog measured

SCADA IN KPTCL
values. The 23AE23 board allows it to connect all typical measured value ranges. Figure 9 shows
analog input 23AE23 card. The analog input board 23AE23 can carry out the following
processing functions on the measured values : Zero point monitoring, Switch-over recognition,
Smoothing and Threshold value monitoring on absolute value or with accumulation and periodic
background transmission. Table 6 shows technical specification of 23AE23 card.
Fig 9: Analog input board 23AE23.
Table 6 : Technical specification of 23AE23 AI card.

1 Power supply 5V / 190 mA.
2 Inputs 8 differential inputs
3 Measuring ranges ± 2 mA, ± 5 mA, ± 10 mA, ± 20 mA
± 40 mA, ± 2 V DC / 0 … 20 V DC
5. Analog Output Card (AO card): Via the analog output board 23AA21, analog control
outputs for sequential or closed loop control, display instruments, measurand recorders etc. can
be connected to the RTU560. Each output has a digital to analog converter (DAC) which

SCADA IN KPTCL
converts the digital value present in the output memory into an analog signal. A received output
value is stored until a new value is received. At substation they are used for measurement of On
Load Tap Changer (OLTC), temperature etc. Figure 10 shows 23AA21 analog output card. Table
7 gives technical specification of 23AA21 analog output card.
Fig 10: Analog output board 23AA21.
Table7: Technical specification of 23AA21 AO card.

1 Power supply 5 V / 650 mA
2 Outputs 2
3 Output current: ± 2,5 mA, ± 5 mA, ± 10 mA, ± 20 mA
(4...20 mA)
6. Digital Output Relays: At substation there are 80 output relays which can control 40
circuit breakers. One relay for trip and one relay for close are used. These signals are given to
field circuit breakers and tap changer from remote place by operator.
7. Meter Interface card (MIC): Energy billing for Availability Based Tariff was one of the
most important feature for substation automation. There are energy meters at substation of
different manufacturers, all over Karnataka 5000 meters are present, to collect data from these
meters SCADA uses 560 MIC. RTU 560A consists of this card with RS 485 and Ethernet port.
Banks at substation consists of Electronic Trivector Meter (ETV), MIC gets energy consumption

SCADA IN KPTCL
information from this meter. RS 485 communicates MIC and ETV meter. MIC is just a flash
memory; it transfers data from ETV to Energy Billing (EB) server once polled.
8. Communication Card (CMU): The RTU560 CMU boards are based on the PC 104
concept. A PC 104 main board contains the kernel of a personal computer (PC) and has become
standard recently. It allows the easy integration of standard PC-based software as well as easy
adaptation to specific hardware extensions. Each CPU communication board has an additional
serial interface for MMI to a PC. The MMI is used for diagnostics, up and download of
configuration files, etc. Figure 11 shows communication unit 560CMU 04. Table 8 gives
technical specification of 560CMU 04.
Fig 11: Communication Unit 560CMU 04.

Table 8: Technical specification of 560CMU 04.

1 Ethernet 100Mbit/s,10/100 BaseT
2 Serial Line Interfaces 4 x RS 232C or RS 485,1 x MMI RS 232C
9. AC-DC Converter: All racks of RTU560A consists of power supply unit 560PSU01
which require DC supply of 48V, thus AC-DC converter is used. This unit supplies required DC
power to all racks of RTU panel.
10. SCADA Control Annunciator: This is provided to show indication that control of
device is operated through SCADA. It consists of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) which is

SCADA IN KPTCL
provided for either OPEN or CLOSE of circuit breaker. Figure 12 shows SCADA Control
Annunciator. Acknowledgement for open or close is done through SCADA reset button.
Fig 12: SCADA Control Annunciator.
11. Optocoupler: Control and Relay panel is provided with 110V DC supply but RTU 560A
operates at 48V signals & data cannot be directly transferred from C&R panel to RTU because of
different voltage levels. Hence Optocoupler is used to isolate the difference in voltage. Figure 13
shows Optocoupler.
Fig 13: Optocoupler.
II. VSAT:
VSAT technology represents a cost effective solution for users seeking an independent
communications network connecting a large number of geographically dispersed sites. This is the
first system of its type and scope to be installed anywhere in the world, and helps KPTCL

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monitor, control and deliver electricity to roughly 14.6 million customers, across a coverage area
of 192,000 sq. km.
The entire data acquisition is done over VSAT from the RTUs to the main control centers on IEC
104 protocol, a unique communication media deployed in the country by an electricity utility.
Components of VSAT are antenna, Indoor unit (IDU) and Outdoor Unit (ODU). To avoid
communication problem separate SCADA phones (VOIP) are provided at each substation. 8 port
switch is provided for separate connection for MIC, IDU, Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP),
CMU etc.
III. UPS:
2 kVA UPS with 8 No of 100Ah, 12V cells is provided for RTU 560A for back power supply.
4.1.4. SCADA connections:
Connection diagram for all SCADA equipment and C&R panel at 110/11 kV substation city
Bijapur is described in this section. General block diagram is shown in figure 14, usually from
existing C&R panel connections are brought to RTU’s card through interface panel. Interface
panel consists of MFTs and Terminal Blocks (TB) for easier connection; some new TBs are also
placed in C&R panel.
RTU Panel with DI,

DO, AI, AO cards.
Control
Control andand Relay Panel
Relay Interface
Interface Panel with RTU Panel
MIC, PSU and CMU
panel. MFTs andPanel
TB. Modules.
23BE23 DI Card
Fig 14: Block diagram for connection of 110/11kV substation.
Status indication
Connection diagram for Digital input interfacing:
For supervision of status of circuit breakers, isolator, faults at remote place, C&R indicator bulbs
TB
are interfaced to RTU DI Card as shown in figure 15.
Optocoupler
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Fig 15: Connection for DI card.
Status indicators at C&R panel are connected in series to DI card of RTU through Optocoupler
and passed through TB of interface panel. TB are used for easier connection of wiring,
Optocoupler is used to isolate difference in voltages of C&R panel (110V Dc) and RTU (48V
Dc).A common implementation involves a LED and a phototransistor as shown in circuit
diagram figure16 , separated so that light may travel across a barrier but electrical current may
not. When an electrical signal is applied to the input of the Optocoupler, its LED lights, its light
sensor then activates, and a corresponding electrical signal is generated at the output. Thus status
indications from substation are brought to master control centre through DI card.

SCADA IN KPTCL
Fig 16: Circuit diagram of Optocoupler.
Connection diagram for Digital output interfacing:
To control circuit breaker remotely, TNC (Trip Neutral Close) switch at C&R panel is interfaced
to RTU DO card as shown in figure 17.
Control and Relay Panel Interface RTU Panel

Panel
23BA20 DO Card
TNC Switch
ON OFF
TB
Optocoupler
Fig 17: Connection for DO card.

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Circuit breaker is opened or closed remotely by SCADA Digital Output command via DO relay.
Also tap changer of transformer is operated from RTU DO relay. Circuit diagram for digital
output interfacing of CB and transformer tap change is shown in figure 18.
Fig 18: Connection of TNC & SCADA command.
Connection diagram for Analog input interfacing:
Analog input card of RTU is interfaced to CT and PT of filed for measurement of parameters.
Wiring diagram for CT & PT of field to MFT is shown in figure 19. Connection diagram for
RTU AI card is shown in figure 20.
Fig 19: Wiring diagram for CT & PT to MFT.

SCADA IN KPTCL
C&R panel Interface Panel RTU Panel

CT and PT from field
MFT 23AE23 AI Card
SCADA
TB
Fig 20: Connection for AI card.
Electrical quantity such as voltage, current, power or frequency measured values are transferred
into a proportional dc output by MFT. MFT provides desired signal of 4-20 mA to the AI card.
4.1.5. Operation:
Operations carried out 110/11kV substation are
• Real time data acquisition from RTUs.
• Status monitoring and alarming.
• Sequence of event recording.
• Information storage.
• Data retrieval for ABT functions.
• Real time data acquisition from RTUs: Load Despatch Center (LDC) requires data with
respect to available generation and load to be attended. As such real time data is required
from all Generating stations; real time data is required from receiving stations; real time
data is required from Interface points from where power is delivered to Distribution
companies or Consumers. RTU560A provides real time data such as Feeder ON OFF

SCADA IN KPTCL
indication, Circuit Breaker status, tap change of transformer, etc. to LDC. Operator at
LDC can observe single line diagram of substation shown in figure 21.
Fig 21: Monitoring screen of 110/11kV substation at control center.
• Status monitoring and alarming: If operator at LDC operates any of circuit breaker
remotely, to indicate this information for local operator at substation SCADA Control
Annunciator is provided in RTU 560A, which alarms operator. At present only few
substation at Bangalore is operated remotely.
• Sequence of event recording: RTU 560A also provides facility of recording events about
fault occurred at substation.
• Information storage & Data retrieval for ABT functions: RTU 560A collects analog
data like MW, MVAr, kWh import/export, frequency, voltage from metering core of CT,
PT through MFTs and digital indications like CB open, close, auto trip, Isolator open.

SCADA IN KPTCL
Energy billing is one of the KPTCL SCADA applications, to achieve this customized Meter
Interface card (MIC) is provided at the RTU to integrate the Interface (IF) points Special
Energy meters. Connection diagram for IF point at substation is shown in figure 21.The
Energy Billing system downloads the data from the Energy meter at predefined time. Data
acquired to carry out Energy Billing and UI (Unscheduled Interrupt charge) billing for
ESCOMs and for Intra State ABT (Availability Based Tariff) billing.
Fig 22: Connection of IF point at substation.
Energy meters at substation are conventional meter and manufactured by different manufactures.
There was no uniformity and accuracy was less in meter, no communication protocol to take data
from meter. Thus KPTCL under gone to some Special Energy meters with 3- ph 4 wire and had a
communication port of RS485.
Banks of substation consists of Electronic Trivector Meter (ETV) manufactured by either L&T or
SEMs. If a bank consists two or more meter then they are looped and connected to MIC of RTU
through the RS485. MIC is firmware with buffer once polled it takes data from meter and
transfers it to Energy Billing (EB) server. RTU 560A collects analog data like MW, MVAr, kWh
import/export, frequency, voltage from metering core of CT, PT through MFTs and digital
indications like CB open, close, auto trip, Isolator open. These data can be remotely accessed by

SCADA IN KPTCL
operator at ABT wing for Energy Billing and also same data can be downloaded to laptop at
substation.
Fig 23: IF meter reading setup for energy billing.
Figure 22 shows IF meter reading setup for Energy Billing at ABT through EB server. Every
energy meter at substation is given a unique identification No. for accessing information at
remote place. Operator at ABT wing has ABT drive software with MIC configuration through
which he can ping MIC to get data. Phase 1 MIC is using Kalki software and phase 2 MIC is
using Cushy link software. L&T meter can store data for 30 days and SEMs meter for 20 days.
Data transfer is done on 96 block base for one day for every 15 min. For example IP address for
polling a meter is 10.6.1.12, it defines as
10 : Common No.
6 : Zonal No. for each district
1 : RTU No. at substation
12 : Energy meter No. (L&T -12 and SEMs-13)
Thus data is received from substation at ABT wing and used for Energy Billing.

SCADA IN KPTCL
4.2. CASE II – 220kV Shivgiri Sub station
Location
State : Karnataka
City : Bijapur
Area : Shivgiri
4.1.1. Over view of substation
220 kV sub station is situated at Shivgiri, Ukkali road Bijapur. It was commissioned on
19/12/2008 and load was taken on 14/03/2009. It receives power supply from 220 kV substations
Basavan Bagewadi Bijapur (double lines) and distributes power to local Bijapur, Indi. Feeder
from 220 substations to Ainapur and Ukumnal.
Details of Line:
1. 220kV BGD-BJP-1 I/C line.
2. 220kV BGD-BJP-2 I/C line.
3. 220kV BJP-INDI-1 O/G line.
4. 220kV BJP-INDI-2 O/G line.
5. 110kV BJP-KIADB-1 O/G line.
6. 110kV BJP-KIADB-2 O/G line.
7. 110kV BJP-City O/G line.
8. 11kV Ainapur.
9. 11kV Ukumnal.
10. STN AUX.
Equipment Details:
Table 9: Equipment details of 220kV substation.
Sl No. Equipment Make Quantity

1 220kV Circuit Breaker ABB 07
2 Power transformer Areva 2*100MVA
3 Power transformer SPEC 1*10MVA
4 110kV Circuit Breaker ABB 09
5 11kV switch gear MEI 1+5
4.1.2. SCADA Implementation:

200/110/11kV Shivgiri substation Bijapur is newly installed substation. Under IES project,
automation of new substation is done through Substation Automation System (SAS) using IEC
61850. The functions performed by Substation Automation (SA) system are in, general, switch
control, data monitoring, protection etc. In IEC-61850, these functions are broken into low-level
functions called sub-functions. Each sub-function is performed by the IED installed in the
substation. Each IED can perform one or many sub functions. A set of sub-functions is integrated

SCADA IN KPTCL
together to realize a substation automation function. These communicate with each other through
Local Area Network in the substation. Specific syntax and semantics are defined for
communication between sub-functions. All the possible sub-functions have been standardized in
IEC-61850.Information produced and required by each substation is given in the IEC-61850
standard [1].
The sub functions are assigned at three levels as shown in figure 23: (i) Process level (ii) Bay
level (iii) Station level
Fig 23: Levels defined in IEC 61850.
Process level function: extracts the information from sensors/transducers in the substation and
to send them to upper level device, called bay level device. The other major task of process level
function is to receive the control command from bay level device and execute it at the
appropriate switch level.
Bay level functions: acquire the data from the bay and then mainly act on the primary (power
circuit) equipment of the bay. The different conceptual subparts of a substation are encircled by
line in figure 24.

SCADA IN KPTCL
Fig 24: Conceptual Substation Bays.
Station level functions: are of two types.
(i) Process related functions act on the data from multiple bays or substation level database.
These functions are used to submit the control commands for the primary equipment (Circuit
breakers) and collect the substation data like voltage, current, power factor etc. from the bay
level devices. Each bay includes one primary equipment such as transformers, feeders etc.
(ii) Interface related functions enable interactive interface of the substation automation system to
the local station operator HMI (Human Machine Interface), to a remote control centre for
monitoring and maintenance.
There are basically two types of equipment in a substation:– (i) primary equipments and (ii)
secondary equipments. Primary equipments include transformer, switchgear etc. Secondary
equipments include protection, control and communication equipments. Further, secondary

SCADA IN KPTCL
equipments are categorized into three levels in IEC-61850 standards. These are station level, bay
level, and process level equipments. A conceptual substation automation system based on the
IEC 61850 standard is evolved and depicted in figure 25.
Fig 25: Conceptual Substation Automation Topology.
With this conceptual view at 220kV substation Bijapur there are 8 bays divided. Control and
monitoring operation is carried out both remotely and locally. At substation 4 IEDs are used for
collecting information and OFC is used for local communication, for remote communication
Ethernet and VSAT is used. SAS consists of Bay Control & Protection Panel and Protection
Panel, they are manufactured by ABB. Control & Relay panels and Protection panel are inbuilt in
ABB panel.
4.1.3. SCADA Equipments to Substation:

220/110/11kV substation control room is provided with Bay Control & Protection panel and
Protection panel by ABB. All the ABB panels are equipped with 4 IEDs used for protection and
control. ABB’s IED 670 series provides reliable, efficient and flexible protection, monitoring and
control for all applications in sub-transmission and transmission systems. IED provides a
common powerful hardware platform and an extensive hardware-independent, modular function
library. Setting, commissioning and maintenance procedures of all IED are fast and simple. All

SCADA IN KPTCL
are similar hence user can learn about one to know them all. These can communicate easily with
IEC61850.
List of Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) 670:
1. RET670-Transformer Protection IED.
2. REC670-Bay Control IED.
3. REL670-Line Distance Protection IED.
4. REB670-Busbar Differential Protection IED.
RET670-Transformer Protection IED: It is used for reliable protection & control of all
types of power transformers and reactors. Also it provides protection solution for any type of
transformer & shunt reactor application. It gives freedom to select functionality according to
our needs, basic functionality is included and pre configured. A single RET670 can integrate
complete protection & control functionality for a transformer & a connected transmission
line. The distance protection function can also be used as back up protection for faults with in
transformer & in connected lines. In all, RET670 increases reliability and profitability of
entire power system. Figure 26 shows RET670 IED.
Fig 26: RET670-Tansformer protection IED.
It is designed to operate correctly over a wide frequency range in order to accommodate

power system frequency variations during disturbances. RET670 features also several
function for local and remote apparatus control on all sides of transformer. It provides a large
HMI for local control and instantly accessing important data, such as settings, events and
disturbance information. 30 apparatuses can be controlled and visualized. Large HMI
provides overview of quick status of substation with position indications and service values.

SCADA IN KPTCL
REC670-Bay Control IED: It provides optimized control and reliable operation of switch
yard. It provides pre configured control solution for any type of switch gear and different
switch gear configuration. REC670 enables the manual control of a tap-changer from a
Substation Automation system. It also integrates advanced voltage control for transformers in
a substation in a single IED. This eliminates the need for dedicated voltage control devices in
cases where the transformer protection is not equipped with voltage control.
The REC670 IEDs feature a large HMI for local control and instant access to important data,
such as settings, events and disturbance information. The control is based on the select before
operate principle to ensure secure operation and to avoid human mistakes. Control screen can
be selected as default screen. Control commands can be directly executed and important
measurements can be read. All measurements are available in IED can be shown on HMI.
Graphical display can be configured as it is at substation. Figure 27 shows REC670 IED.
Fig 27: REC670 -Bay control IED.
REC670 is able to handle a large number of analog signals from CTs and VTs. The
outstanding I/O capability enables control of several bays with complete measurement with
only one IED. One REC670 IED is capable of handling control of all apparatuses in one
entire diameter in 1 ½ breaker arrangement including breaker failure protection for all
breakers.
REL670-Line Distance Protection IED: It provides versatile protection, monitoring and

control functionality with maximum flexibility and performance optimized for transmission
overhead lines and cables. The powerful IED provides distance protection for double circuit,
parallel operating and series compensated lines. REL670 IEDs are able to protect and control

SCADA IN KPTCL
several objects, for instance a combination of a line and a transformer with a single IED. As a
result, this IED increases both the reliability and profitability of entire power system.
REL670 provides both customized and pre-configured protection solutions. The pre-
configured IEDs are equipped with complete functionality adapted for four different
configuration alternatives: single pole breaker or multi-breaker arrangements with single or
three phase tripping. Figure 28 shows REL670 IED.
Fig 28: REL670-Line distance protection IED.
REL670 provides protection of power lines with high sensitivity and low requirement on
remote end communication. Measurements and setting of all five zones with six setting
groups are made completely independent, which ensures high reliability for all types of lines.
The distance and earth-fault protection functions can communicate with remote end in any
communication scheme. It offers full control and interlocking functionality required for
control of apparatuses in a substation. The integrated HMI allows secure and quick local
control for stand-alone applications and provides back-up control for substation automation
systems. REL670 provides efficient substation automation solutions in terms of performance,
redundancy and cost for any high voltage application.
REB670-Busbar Differential Protection IED: It is designed for the protection and

monitoring of bus bars. REB670 protects single and double bus bars with or without transfer
bus, double circuit breaker or one-and-half circuit breaker arrangements. It provides
selective, reliable and fast fault clearance for all types of internal phase-to-phase and phase-
to-earth faults in solidly earthed or low-impedance earthed power systems. At the same time,
it maintains complete stability for external faults, even when heavy CT saturation occurs. It

SCADA IN KPTCL
can also handle all internal multi-phase faults in isolated or high-impedance earthed power
systems. Figure 29 shows REB670 IED.
Fig 29: REB670-Bus bar differential protection IED.
4.1.4. SCADA Connections:
At 220/110/11kV substation, Substation Automation System (SAS) consists of 27 panels for

protection and bay control. Layout of panels at control room is shown in figure 30.
• B&P - Bay Control & Protection Panel

• P - Protection Panel
• BBA - Bus Bar Protection Panel
• INDI 1 – Indi line 1
• INDI 2 – Indi line 2
• TRF 1 HV – Transformer 1 HV side
• TRF 1 LV – Transformer 1 LV side
• TRF 2 HV – Transformer 2 HV side
• TRF 2 LV – Transformer 2 LV side
• BGD 1 – Basavan Bagewadi line 1
• BGD 2 – Basavan Bagewadi line 2
For SAS
SAS SUX 2BBA1 2BBA2

Station Auxiliary 220kV Bus Bar 220kV Bus Bar
BayEEED,
M.Tech in Power and Energy System, Control Panel
BEC, BagalkotProtection
. Panel Protection Panel 36
SCADA IN KPTCL
220kV line
INDI 1 INDI 1 INDI 2 INDI 2 Bus Coupler TRF 1 HV TRF 1 LV

P B&P P B&P B&P B&P B&P
BGD 2 BGD 2 BGD 1 BGD 1 TRF 2 HV TRF 2 LV

P B&P P B&P B&P B&P
110kV line 11kV feeder

11kV 10 MAV TRF 110kV BGD 110kV Bus
Bank HV 110/11kV B&P Coupler Feeder Feeder Feeder
B&P 1&2 3&4 5&6
B&P B&P B&P
IE 2 Bijapur IE 1 Fig 31: Layout of panels at Control
B&P B&P B&P center at 220/110/11kV substation.
IES project provides Ruzzegged com (Ethernet) Switch, 3 personal computers – DRPC, SAS1
and SAS2, printer, event list recorder and for communication VSAT, OFC. Connection of ABB
panels is shown in figure 31. There are 8 bays at substation; at each bay have one ruzzegged com
switch which connects all bay information to main SAS through OFC. Information from SAS
can be monitored and controlled locally and also information is sent to Master Control center
(MCC).

SCADA IN KPTCL
Fig 32: Connection of ABB panels at substation.
As shown in figure 31 communication network used is Star-Ring topology. This topology has
potential to provide time delay within allowable range and also offers the better reliability of the
process bus.
4.1.5. Operations:
Local operator at substation control room observes and monitors 220kV, 110kV and 11kV lines.
Single line diagram monitoring screen display of 220/110/11kV, 110kV and 11kV line is shown
in figure 32(a), 32 (b) and 32(c) respectively.

SCADA IN KPTCL
Fig 33(a): Single line diagram display of 220/110/11kV line at control room.
Overview of 220/110/11kV substation Bijapur is monitored by monitored by operator at control

room. Same single line diagram is displayed at remote control center. In single diagram display
of SCADA screen symbols of Lighting Arrestor (LA), Gang or Group Operated switch (GOS)
and Circuit Breaker (CB) are used. Table 9 shows symbols used for SCADA.
Sl No. Equipment Symbols Identity No.
1 Lighting Arrestor 89CE

(LA) grounding

SCADA IN KPTCL
Gang or Group
2 Operated switch 89D
(GOS)
3 Circuit Breaker (CB) 52
Table 10: Symbols used in SCADA Screen.
Fig 33(b): Single line diagram display of 110kV line at control room.

SCADA IN KPTCL
Fig 33(c): Single line diagram display of 11kV line at control room.
At present operator at substation operates 11kV circuit breakers at control room. He note down
the measurement values displayed on monitoring screen as shown on figure 33. Real time values
are noted at every one hour and daily load is generated. Also SAS provides facility of event
recording and alarms for operator.
There is also facility to operate GOS remotely. With the help of IED fault can be recorded. 100
disturbance records can be maintained with time and date. Indication during disturbances is
displayed which helps operator to carry out precaution or solve the problem.

SCADA IN KPTCL
Fig 34(a):220kV measurement values.
Fig 34(b):110kV measurement vaues.

SCADA IN KPTCL
5. Load Despatch Center (LDC)
Load Despatch Center (LDC) is the hub for load despatch and control, it requires acquiring all
data from generation and substation to match generation and load. LDC requires data with
respect to available generation and load to be attended. As such real time data is required from all
Generating stations; real time data is required from receiving stations; real time data is required
from Interface points from where power is delivered to Distribution companies or Consumers.
LDC also has to exercise control over the receiving stations, and consumers and if necessary the
Generators also. As such, Supervisory control is required to shed loads by opening a breaker,
Supervisory control is required switch off or switch on a consumer, Supervisory control is
required to control the generation as and when control is extended.
Scenario of power system without control centers:
 There was no Grid Discipline.
 Due to indiscipline there was problem of low voltage and low frequency.
 There were frequent Grid failures.
 Non optimum utilization of available resources.
 There was no real time availability of data/ events occurring.
 Inefficient Power System Operation & Load Management
 Due to no regulation wide gap in Demand - Supply position.
 Low voltages at Consumer end.
To overcome all problems India undergone Grid Discipline through SCADA. In this view all
Generation station, receiving station and distribution station were integrated in project. Thus data
from 110kV & 220/110/11kV substation Bijapur are sent to LDC for further operation. LDC’s
architecture, function is briefly explained in this section.

SCADA IN KPTCL
Indian Power System Load Despatch Centers is divided into
 At National level
 National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC)
 At Regional Level
 Five Regional grids
 Regional Load Despatch Centres (RLDC)
 At State Level
 State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC)
 SLDCs at each state
A typical architecture of an Energy management system is shown in figure 34.
Fig 35: A typical architecture of an Energy management system

SCADA IN KPTCL
As shown in figure 34 data collected from all substations through SAS or RTU is sent to Area
control center (ACC) and then same data is communicated to Regional Control Center
(RCC).National control center will look after the whole grid. There are 5 Regional Load
Despatch Center, they are
 Northern Regional Load Despatch Center (NRLDC)

 Eastern Regional Load Despatch Center (ERLDC)
 Southern Regional Load Despatch Center (SRLDC)
 Western Regional Load Despatch Center (WRLDC)
 Northern Eastern Regional Load Despatch Center (NERLDC)
Southern region consists of 5 State Load Despatch Centers, they are
 Pondicherry
 Tamilnadu
 Kerala
 Karnataka
 Andhra
Central generation plants, State generation plants and Independent Plant Producers (IPP) connect
to common Power Grid of India. As objective of LDC is to match generation and load, there is
need to continuously monitor and control.
Karnataka states Load Despatch Center is situated at Bangalore. At SLDC Control center, Grid
connection of southern region is observed. Role of SLDC is to collect information from electrical
companies of Karnataka and send data to SRLDC. Generation and load of state is monitored and
controlled by SLDC. SLDCs send the requisition of load to the SRLDCs, against their
entitlements out of available power from Central Sector Generation and the SRLDCs allocate
total available power to various states in the ratio of their entitlements. According to available
power SLDCs schedule power for state previous day & ESCOMs had to operate according to
schedule. If there is any problem at generation then it informed to SLDCs by revising. SLDCs
control state generators according to load. Data acquired at SLDC is used for Energy auditing,
Energy billing and Availability Based Tariff (ABT).
SRLDC collects data from SLDC and controls Central Generation. NLDC monitors all SRLDC
and communicate with Central electricity Authority (CEA).

SCADA IN KPTCL
5.1. SCADA Application at LDC:

1. Network application overview: The SCADA systems caters to the whole of Karnataka
state which has five Distribution companies and 23 major generating stations and major
IPP’s and Central Generation Share. Figure 35 shows monitoring screen at control center
for Karnataka state.
Fig 36: Monitoring screen for Karnataka state.
At LDC, operator can observe generation, power flow, schedule and actual energy
available etc as depicted in figure 35.
2. Open Access Monitoring: IPP can go for open access if they wish SCADA also
provides information about open access monitoring screen for operator.
3. ABT monitoring Screen: At KPTCL tariff is basically classified into 3 components,
they are; Energy consumption, Maximum demand and Unscheduled Interruption (UI).

SCADA IN KPTCL
UI component is dependent on frequency, when load exceeds generation frequency

decreases depend on decrease in frequency additional charges are penalized. Figure 36
shows ABT Monitoring Screen at control center. UI charges are decided by CEA.
Fig 37: ABT Monitoring Screen
6. Maintenance
Maintenance:

SCADA IN KPTCL
As SCADA is integration of hardware and software, care must be taken that there exist proper
synchronization between them. RTU 560A at 110/11kV substation City Bijapur is digital
equipment no maintenance is required but proper cleaning of panel has to be carried out. Minor
work for adaptability of SCADA at 110/11kV substation were improvement of earthing,
Restoration of control desk (this includes, providing indication lamps, closing coils and TNC
switches) and Wiring of breaker position indication in 11kv.
Improvement of earthing is done by providing one CI pipe electrode as per KPTCL standard CI
earthing 50 x 6 mm MS flat for connection to earth mat 50 x 6 mm GI flat for raisers new RTU is
connected to same earth with other C&R panel. Figure 37 shows connection for improvement of
earthing.
Fig 38: Connection for improvement of earthing.
When earth mat is not provided at substation, earth resistance for SCADA has to note down after
installation work at particular substation. Table 10 gives SCADA earth resistance at 110/11kV
substation Atarga during visit with ABB committee on 08/07/2011. UPS for RTU 560A will
under go test for battery back up condition.
Table 11: Earth resistance for SCADA
Sl No. Equipment Resistance in Ω/V

1 SCADA CI Pipe 0.28Ω/0.6V
2 VSAT GI pipe 0.29Ω/0.6V

SCADA IN KPTCL
3 RTU Panel 0.23Ω/0.5V

4 C&R panel 0.25Ω/0.4V
5 110kV TRF 0.6Ω/0.9V
6 11kV TRF 1.0Ω/0.9V
Conclusion
Power Systems are large complex systems covering vast areas National / continental grids and
highly nonlinear, high order system. Many process operations need to be coordinated and
Millions of devices requiring harmonious interplay. The Energy flows from various Generating
stations to various Receiving Sub stations via Transmission networks. For maintaining system
security, reliability, quality, stability and ensuring economic operation, on line monitoring,
operation and control of the modern day power systems is required. The basic requirement is of
power system automation is achieved by SCADA.

SCADA IN KPTCL
SCADA helps KPTCL by providing line flows in real time to Generation, Receiving station and
Distribution station. Also provides open access customers and Companies, to satisfy ‘Right to
Information Act’, monitoring open access customer, extending ABT type of operations down to
ESCOM level. Proper control on UI exchanges to ESCOM and Upgradation of SLDC. With help
of SCADA gap between generation and load can be filled. Thus, SCADA is the back bone of
effective Load management and is assuming greater importance in the Power Sector.
References:
1. R. P. Gupta, “Substation Automation Using IEC61850 Standard”, Fifteenth National Power

Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008.
2. “Remote Substation Monitoring And Control through SCADA”, training report, 05-09
October 2009.
3. Martin Chartrand, “Dual Redundant Controller Systems”, Control Microsystems White
Paper, October 2004.
4. Integrated Extended SCADA project KPTCL report (ppt).
5. ABB RTU 560A and ABB IED 670 Manual.

SCADA IN KPTCL
ABBREVATION:
SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

RTU Remote Terminal Unit
IED Intelligent Electronic Devices
IEC International Electro technical Commission
SAS Substation Automation System
MCC Master Control Center
HMI Human Machine Interface
LDC Load Despatch Center
ABT Availability Based Tariff
IES Integrated Extended SCADA
EB Energy Billing
EA Energy Auditing

SCADA IN KPTCL
Annexure
RTU Composition at KPTCL
Sl No. Manufacturer Quantity

1 68 k (CMC) 12
2 Micra (Canada) 28
3 GE Harris (USA) 21
4 Micro Scada Locations 02
5 ABB 560 23+1200
Stations covered at IES project KPTCL

SCADA IN KPTCL

SCADA IN KPTCL

SCADA IN KPTCL

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M.Tech in Power and Energy System, EEED, BEC, Bagalkot. 0

M.Tech in Power and Energy System, EEED, BEC, Bagalkot. 1

i. SCADA software, typically running on a plant-based computer, acts as a human-

M.Tech in Power and Energy System, EEED, BEC, Bagalkot. 2

Power Controller AIN DIN AOUT DOUT

Fig 1: A Typical SCADA System [3]

2. 3. SCADA for Power Transmission:

M.Tech in Power and Energy System, EEED, BEC, Bagalkot. 3

3. Brief description of SCADA Project in KPTCL

M.Tech in Power and Energy System, EEED, BEC, Bagalkot. 4

3.1. Objective of IES Project:

i. Project conceived in the year 2002.

ii. Draft specifications prepared in-house from 2002 to 2005.

iv. Tenders floated in the year 2006.

M.Tech in Power and Energy System, EEED, BEC, Bagalkot. 5

v. Project awarded to M/S ABB in December 2006.

vi. Project period : 24 months

vii. Project cost : Rs.186 crores

viii. BESCOM share : Rs.11.2 crores

3.4. IES Components:

i. SCADA Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) ABB Model 560

ii. HP make Servers for SCADA, Data EMS and DMS

iii. HP Work stations for Engineering and Operation

iv. HP make Server for Dispatcher Training Simulator

v. Multi Frequency Time Division Multiple Access (MFTDMA) communication Hub

vi. Network Manager SCADA and EMS software of ABB Sweden

vii. Oracle 11i for database

viii. Windows XP and MS office 2003 for Work stations

ix. IEC 104 protocol for RTU- Control centre communication

x. Meter Interface card of ABB for Energy meter integration.

xi. Cisco routers for communication interfaces

xii. Bandwidth from INSAT 3A

xiii. OFC solution from BSNL.

3.5. KPTCL SCADA System Architecture:

M.Tech in Power and Energy System, EEED, BEC, Bagalkot. 6

Fig 2: SCADA System Architecture at KPTCL [4].

List of control centers:

i. Main Load Despatch center (LDC) – 1 No.

c. Hubli Electricity Company (HESCOM).

4. Study of SCADA Implemented Substations at Bijapur

4.1. CASE I – 110 kV City Sub station

Existing SCADA RTU Mater Control

Fig 3: General Block diagram of Implementation SCADA

Table 1: SCADA, I/O and parameters used at 110/11 kV substation.

SCADA Supervision Control Data Acquisition

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 About Remote Terminal unit (RTU)

4.1.3. SCADA Equipments to Substation:

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Fig 4: ABB RTU560A Panel at 110/11 kV substation.

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Features of RTU 560A:

• 4 serial communication interfaces for host communication

• PC104 module with CPU 486/66MHz

Components of RTU 560A:

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Fig 5: Components of RTU 560A.

Table 2 : Details of RTU 560A component.

Sl No. Components Quantity Function

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Description of RTU 560A components:

1. Multifunction Transducer (MFT): A Transducer is a device, usually electrical,