TRAINING REPORT OF SIX WEEKS

ON
TELECOM
A thesis submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNCATION ENGINEERING
Submitted to:
Mr. Vivek Vohra
Assistant Professor
ECE Department

Submitted by:
Name: Ankur Kumar
Roll No: 8716208

STATE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

NILOKHERI
 STATE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY, NILOKHERI
TO WHOM MAY CONCERN
I hereby certify that “ANKUR KUMAR” Roll No 8716204 of State Institute of Engineering
and Technology, Nilokheri has undergone six months industrial training from 8 JAN, 2018 at
our organization to fulfill the requirements for the award of degree of B.Tech. (ECE).He
worked on TELECOM during the training under the supervision of Er Ankit Mittal. During
his tenure with us we found him sincere and hard working. Wishing him a great success in
the future.

Signature of the Student

Ankur Kumar

Signature of the SUPERVISOR(S)

Er. Ankit Mittal

Scope Telecom, Chandigarh

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all i would like to thank almighty god who has given this wonderful gift of life to us.
He is the one who is guiding us in right direction to follow noble path of humanity.

Our sincere thanks goes to HR Renu Rana, Mr Abhey Kumar and Director Mr.Gaurav Kohli
of scope telecom private limited for giving us this opportunity of training.

We would also like to show gratitude towards our trainers (Er.Shiwani & Er. Ankit Mittal)
Who have worked really and were dedicated to make us understand the concepts of
telecommunications and for providing us with an opportunity to learn through their
experience.

Last but not the least i would express my utmost regards for the electronic and
communications department of our institute.

Lastly our sincere and genuine thank goes to our parents who motivated, inspired and gave us
all the necessary requirements .Who silently prayed for our success and helped us throughout.

THANK YOU...
 PREFACE
With the ongoing telecom revolution where the innovations are taking place at the blink of an
eye, it is impossible to keep pace with the emerging trends. Excellence is an attitude that the
whole of the human race is born with. It is the environment that makes sure that whether the
result of this attitude is visible or otherwise. A well planned properly executed and evaluated
industrial training helps a lot in inculcating a professional attitude.

During this period, we got the real, firsthand experience for working in the actual
environment. Most of the theoretical knowledge that has been gained during the course of
their studies is put to test here. We had the opportunity to have a real experience, which
increased our sphere of telecom knowledge to a great extent. We were entrusted with project
all type of surveys and installation.

We were entrusted with a real life project, working on which had finally made us step in to
the ongoing telecom revolution and gradually become a part of it. And all the credit goes to
organization “SCOPE TELECOM PRIVATE LIMITED” which in true self made the telecom
revolution happens.
 ABSTRACT
The report discusses the role of project surveys, installation and different tests in today’s
world of telecommunications.4G Tests involves testing of different network parameters
before its implementation.

4G systems are intended to provide a global mobility with wide range of services including
High Speed Internet, IP Telephony, HD movies streaming, VOLTE etc.

We sought to demonstrate the steps to be taken up to fulfils the objectives of 4G planning

tools which are summarized as the collection of Data and extraction of relevant information
from it, analysis of the extracted data and suggesting changes in the network configuration
based on the analysis.

It also demonstrates to check the performance of the network, just before it is made to
operational and to get the best possible quality of service which includes suggesting changes
in the defined parameter and configurations on the basis of 4G planning analysis.
 COMPANY PROFILE

OVERVIEW

SCOPE Telecom is a Telecom Company which was established in the year 2013. They are
providing solutions to help the telecom service providers, network operators, vendors and
equipment manufacturers to maximize the value of technology investments and deliver the
highest service levels to their customers. Scope Telecom binds as a family with the help of
experienced team of Project managers, highly skilled engineers and technicians who are
dedicated in the field of installation and maintenance of cellular service industry. Scope
Telecom has no dearth in the telecom services and gives you a wide range of option that can
suit business plans, fit budget, match needs and help achieve goals and expectations. They
focus on high quality, excellent service, low operating cost and meeting the requirements of
customer so that they can enhance the profitability. They create a long term value & potential
growth for customers and hold an enormous proficiency through its long list of successful
projects.
They are among the few Services Provider with live Telecom and IT project working. They at
scope telecom believe in making things happen as the world premier telecom service training
provider. Scope Telecom is on the forefront of Telecom industry with core focus on Next-
Generation Telecom technologies. They offer specialized practical training, on Advanced
Wireless Communications also. They are the pioneers in 2G,3G,4G training in North
India(Chandigarh/Mohali) and having completed years successfully of operations and
achievements; scope telecom are still standing strong and contributing positively towards
technology and nation building.

Operators it deals:
 Reliance, Idea, Videocon, Airtel etc.

CONTACT INFORMATION:
SCO: 333-334, 2ND FLOOR, Sector 35-B, Chandigarh

Email: info@scopetelecom.com

Contact no: (+91)172-5060702,(+91)172-5060602

www.scopetelecom.com.

INDEX
Chapter 1: Telecom-overview 01 to 06

1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………....…..01
1.2 Wire Vs Wireless network…………………………………………………….……..01
1.3 First Generation……………………………………………………………………....01
1.3.1 Multiple standards based on 1G……………………………………………...02
1.3.2 Disadvantages…………………………………………………………...........02
1.4 Second Generation…………………………………………………………………...02
1.4.1 Disadvantages………………………………………………………………..02
1.4.2 Features…………………………………………………………………..…..03
1.5 Third Generation………………………………………………………………..…....03
1.5.1 Features……………………………………………………………………....03
1.6 Fourth Generation…………………………………………………………………....03
1.6.1 Features………………………………………………………………………04
1.7 Comparisons of Generation…………………………………………………………..04
1.8 Transmission Media…………………………………….…………………………...04
1.8.1 Coaxial Cable………………………………………………………………...05
1.8.2 Twisted pair Cable…………………………………………………………....05
1.8.3 Optical Cable………………………………………………………………....06
1.8.4 IF Cable……………………………………………………………………....06

Chapter 2: GSM 07 to 17

2.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………....07
2.2 GSM Specification…………………………………………………………………….....07
2.3 GSM Architecture………………………………………………………………………..07
2.3.1 Mobile Station……………………………………………………………….....08
2.3.2 Base Station system…………………………………………………………….09
2.3.3 Network switching subsystem………………………………………………….09
2.3.4 Operation & support subsystem………………………………………………..10
2.4 Call Flow………………………………………………………………………………..16
2.5 Frame Structure…………………………………………………………………………17

Chapter 3: Technique & Handover 18 to 24

3.1 Introduction of Technique……………………………………………………………….18

3.2 TDMA…………………………………………………………………………………....18
3.2.1 Frame Structure………………………………………………………………..19
3.2.2 Guard Times…………………………………………………………………..19
3.3 FDMA……………………………………………………………………………………21
3.4 CDMA……………………………………………………………………………………22
3.5 Comparisons of TDMA, FDMA & CDMA……………………………………………...24
3.6 Handover…………………………………………………………………………………25
3.7 Hard Handover…………………………………………………………………………...25
3.7.1 Advantages…………………………………………………………………….25
3.7.2 Disadvantages………………………………………………………………….25
3.8 Soft Handover…………………………………………………………………………….25
3.8.1 Advantages……………………………………………………………………..25
3.8.2 Disadvantages…………………………………………………………………..25

Chapter 4: Third Generation 32 to 36

4.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………...…….32
4.2 CDMA2000…………………………………………………………………………...….32
4.3 UMTS………………………………………………………………………………….....32
4.4 UMTS Architecture………………………………………………………………………33
4.5 HSDPA in UMTS………………………………………………………………………...35
4.6 3G Channel……………………………………………………………………………….35

Chapter 5: Fourth Generation 37 to 41

5.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………37
5.2 Symbols…………………………………………………………………………………..38
5.3 Architecture………………………………………………………………………………38
5.4 Key 4G Technologies…………………………………………………………………….39
5.4.1 OFDMA………………………………………………………………………..39
5.4.2 SDR…………………………………………………………………………….39
5.4.3 MIMO…………………………………………………………………………..40
5.4.4 H&M…………………………………………………………………………...40
5.5 Quality of services………………………………………………………………………..40
5.6 Security…………………………………………………………………………………...41
5.7 Challenges in Integration…………………………………………………………………41

Chapter 6: Tower 42 to 49

6.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………42
6.2 Types of Tower…………………………………………………………………………..42
6.3 Ground Base……………………………………………………………………………..42
6.3.1 GBT…………………………………………………………………………….42
6.3.2 GSM……………………………………………………………………………43
6.4 Roof Base………………………………………………………………………………..44
6.4.1 RTT…………………………………………………………………………….44
6.4.2 RTP…………………………………………………………………………….44
6.5 Wall Mount……………………………………………………………………………….45
6.6 COW……………………………………………………………………………………...46
6.7 Pole Mounts………………………………………………………………………………46
6.7.1 I Shape………………………………………………………………………….46
6.7.2 H Shape………………………………………………………………………...47
6.7.3 V Shape………………………………………………………………………...47
6.7.4 Stur Shape………………………………………………………………………47
6.8 Scenarios of Tower………….……………………………………………………………48
6.8.1 1 Pole Scenario..………………………………………………………………..48
6.8.2 2 Pole Scenario…………………………………………………………………48
6.8.3 3 Pole Scenario…………………………………………………………………48
6.9 Grounding………………………………………………………………………………..48
6.9.1 IGB……………………………………………………………………………..48
6.9.2 OGB…………………………………………………………………………….49
6.9.3 TGB…………………………………………………………………………….49

Chapter 7: Survey 53 to 56

7.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………53
7.2 Basic Tools……………………………………………………………………………….53
7.3 Requirements……………………………………………………………………………..53
7.4 Types of Survey…………………………………………………………………………..53
7.5 Tools of Survey…………………………………………………………………………..53
7.6 RF Survey………………………………………………………………………………..54
7.7 Tools of EMF Survey…………………………………………………………………….54
7.8 EMF Survey……………………………………………………………………………...54
7.9 Broadband Survey………………………………………………………………………..54
7.10 Tools LOS Survey………………………………………………………………………55
7.11 LOS Survey……………………………………………………………………………..55
7.12 RFE1 Survey…………………………………………………………………………....56

Chapter 8: Shelter Room & ODC 66 to 70

8.1 Shelter Room……………………………………………………………………………66

8.2 Shelter Room Components……………………………………………………………...66
8.3 ODC……………………………………………………………………………………..68
8.4 ODC Components………………………………………………………………………68
8.4.1 Router..............................................................................................................69
8.4.2 MCB................................................................................................................69
8.4.3 CDU................................................................................................................69
8.4.4 Roxtex.............................................................................................................70

Chapter 9: References 78

9.1 References………………………………………………………………………………78
 LIST OF FIGURES
1.1 Coaxial Cable…………………………………………………………………………….05
1.2 Twisted pair cable..............................................................................................................05
1.3 Optical cable......................................................................................................................06
1.4 IF cable..............................................................................................................................06
2.1 GSM Architecture………………………………………………………………………..08
2.2 Mobile Station……………………………………………………………………………09
2.3 OSS………………………………………………………………………………………10
2.4 GSM Frame……………………………………………………………………………....11
3.1 TDMA……………………………………………………………………………………12
3.2 Frame TDMA…………………………………………………………………………….13
3.3 Guard Times……………………………………………………………………………...13
3.4 FDMA……………………………………………………………………………………14
3.5 FDMA Wave……………………………………………………………………………..14
3.6 CDMA……………………………………………………………………………………15
5.1 4G Architecture…………………………………………………………………………..22
5.2 SDR………………………………………………………………………………………23
6.1 GBT………………………………………………………………………………………27
6.2 GBM……………………………………………………………………………………..27
6.3 RTT………………………………………………………………………………………28
6.4 RTP………………………………………………………………………………………29
6.5 Wall Mount………………………………………………………………………………29
6.6 COW…………………………………………………………………………………….30
6.7 I Shape…………………………………………………………………………………..30
6.8 H Shape………………………………………………………………………………….31
6.9 V Shape………………………………………………………………………………….31
6.10 Stur Shape………………………………………………………………………………31
6.11 IGB……………………………………………………………………………………...32
6.12 OGB……………………………………………………………………………………..33
6.13 TGB……………………………………………………………………………………..33
7.1 Para Photos……………………………………………………………………………….36
7.2 Extra Para Photos………………………………………………………………………...37
8.1 Shelter Room……………………………………………………………………………38
8.2 ODC…………………………………………………………………………………….39
8.3 Router…………………………………………………………………………………...39
8.4 MCB…………………………………………………………………………………….40
8.5 CDU……………………………………………………………………………………..40
8.6 Roxtex cable……………………………………………………………………………..41
8.7 Roxtex………..…………………………………………………………………………..41
 LIST OF TABLES
1.1 Wired Vs Wireless Network……………………………………………………………...01
1.2 Comparison of Generations................................................................................................04
3.1 Comparison of TDMA, FDMA & CDMA……………………………………………….16