Shipping and Storage of Electric Motors

1009698

10141849
10141849 2
Shipping and Storage of Electric Motors

1009698

Technical Update, December 2004

EPRI Project Manager

Wayne Johnson

EPRI • 3412 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304 • PO Box 10412, Palo Alto, California 94303 • USA
800.313.3774 • 650.855.2121 • askepri@epri.com • www.epri.com

10141849 i
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES
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EPRI

LEMUG

This is an EPRI Technical Update report. A Technical Update report is intended as an informal report of
continuing research, a meeting, or a topical study. It is not a final EPRI technical report.

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Copyright © 2004 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

10141849 ii
 CITATIONS

This report was prepared by

EPRI Nuclear Maintenance Applications Center (NMAC)
1300 W. T. Harris Boulevard
Charlotte, NC 28262
This report describes research sponsored by EPRI
The report is a corporate document, which should be cited in the literature in the following
manner:
Shipping and Storage of Electric Motors. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2004. 1009698

10141849 iii
10141849 iv
 REPORT SUMMARY
Electric motor predictive and preventive maintenance programs have been written and describe
the best methodology for increasing motor reliability. However, many utilities have invested
substantial resources into the procurement of spare motors. These motors are stored both onsite
and off site (at vendor facilities). In addition, motors are being refurbished / reconditioned and
must be shipped and possibly stored upon return.
Objectives
The EPRI Large Electric Motor Users Group (LEMUG) has been requested to develop a
guideline to provide the basic information concerning the proper shipping and the storage of
motors.
Approach
In order to compile the report, documents from general industry, commercial, and nuclear
facilities were reviewed and information compiled to produce this guide.
The reviewers suggested capturing significant information such as actual motor and components
weights to aid in completing historical information that would be useful for developing storage
maintenance plans and for consideration for future shipping and handling activities.
EPRI Perspective
This guide is viewed as a companion document for other EPRI reports that have provided
guidance for applying maintenance to selected plant motors.
The handling of critical and heavy pieces of equipment is a serious matter. Many times large
motors must be shipped offsite for repair and refurbishment. It is important that these motors do
not experience additional damage either before or after repair due to improper shipping and
handling.
Responsibility must be taken by appropriate parties when handling large motors and these
responsibilities should be spelled out in the contractual arrangements. The report provides
reasonable methods that can be used to shipping and storing large electric motors.
Key Words
Electric motors
Shipping
Storage
Maintenance

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10141849 vi
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Large Electric Motor Users Group (LEMUG), sponsored by EPRI’s Nuclear Maintenance
Application Center (NMAC), conceived and promoted this document for the benefit of its
members. LEMUG members reviewed and commented on early drafts and provided
considerable assistance in the development of this document.
Exelon Corporation’s Limerick Generating Station and other LEMUG Working Group members
for the supplied photographs appearing in this document.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) supplied their corporate motor storage preventive practice
document, which was of benefit in the preparation of this report.
NMAC was supported in this effort by:
Exelon Nuclear – Limerick Station
Sanatoga, PA 19464
Principal Investigator:
Harry Smith, LEMUG Maintenance W/G Chairman

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10141849 viii
 CONTENTS
1 SCOPE ..................................................................................................1-1
2 SHIPPING OF MOTORS .......................................................................2-1
2.1 Scope............................................................................................................. 2-1
2.2 Prerequisites .................................................................................................. 2-1
2.3 Preparations and loading ............................................................................... 2-3

3 STORAGE OF MOTORS.......................................................................3-1
3.1 Scope............................................................................................................. 3-1
3.2 General Programmatic Guidelines ................................................................. 3-1
3.3 Initial Setup Guidelines .................................................................................. 3-3
3.4 Periodic Preventive Maintenance Guidelines................................................. 3-4
3.5 Additional Considerations .............................................................................. 3-4
3.7 Horizontal Motors........................................................................................... 3-8

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10141849 x
 TABLES
TABLE 3-1 FAILURE MODES AND EXCLUSIONS METHODS FOR
VERTICAL MOTORS ...............................................................................3-5
TABLE 3-2FAILURE MODES AND EXCLUSION METHODS FOR
HORIZONTAL MOTORS..........................................................................3-8

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10141849 xii
 FIGURES
FIGURE 2-1 USE OF A HOOK MOUNTED LOAD CELL ........................2-1
FIGURE 2-2 SPECIAL BASE PLATE FOR SHIPPING ...........................2-2
FIGURE 2-3 FME COVERS ON MAIN TERMINAL BOX.........................2-4
FIGURE 2-4 DOUBLE SHIPPING BAG ...................................................2-4
FIGURE 2-5 SHAFT BLOCKING MECHANISM ......................................2-5
FIGURE 3-1 TEMPORARY MOTOR STORAGE STAND ........................3-2
FIGURE 3-2 WAREHOUSE MOTOR STORAGE STAND .......................3-2
FIGURE 3-3TERMINAL BOX REMOVABLE COVERS ...........................3-4
FIGURE 3-4 MOTOR GROUNDING AND PLACARDS ...........................3-4

10141849 xiii
10141849
1
SCOPE
The proper methodology for the shipment and storage of electric motors, especially medium and
large voltage, has been given increased importance in recent years. For the most part, when a
motor is shipped from the station to a repair facility, the utility has the responsibility to ensure its
safety and regulatory compliance in transit. The return back to the station is usually the
responsibility of the repair facility, but the station must ensure steps are properly taken to ensure
the equipments reliability. Once received by the utility, the long or short-term storage of the
motor is their responsibility. Proper maintenance will allow faster installation with few problems
encountered during the motor’s return to service.

This documents attempts to bring many existing resources together to document, with a
checklist, those items and issues that should be addressed during the shipment and subsequent
storage within the utility. Industry documents utilized in the preparation of this document
include those referencing motor storage from the Electric Apparatus Service Association
(EASA) and the Pooled Inventory Management Facility in Tennessee. ANSI N45.2.6 is
referenced within this document for their storage requirements and classifications. Finally, EPRI
document NP-6896, “Guidelines for Determining In-Storage Maintenance of Items for Nuclear
Facilities” was used in the development of this document. Other documents referenced in the
preparation of this document include EPRI EL-5036, Power Plant Electrical Reference Series,
Volume 6, “Motors”, EPRI NP-7502, Electric Motor Predictive and Preventive Maintenance
Guide and NMAC MEMO, Third Quarter September 1994, Large Electric Motor Storage
Practices.

Numerous utilities verbally supplied their preventive maintenance practices and philosophies,
through their participation in the LEMUG working group meetings, which were incorporated
into the final report.

The first step to implementing this guideline must involve an initial systematic review of the
motors that are actually required to be stored onsite. The NMAC document 1003095, “Electric
Motor Tiered Maintenance Program”, can be utilized to address this issue. The thought process
in the document addresses a thorough review of all motors against prescribed criteria, including
replacement times and potential availability of spares. The guideline should identify those
motors, which need to be stored onsite, and subsequently are valuable enough to warrant the
requirements contained within this document.

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10141849
2
SHIPPING OF MOTORS
2.1 Scope

This section addresses the actions, which should be taken to ensure that the motor would be
shipped properly. This checklist can be utilized by the station for their shipping requirements
and may be utilized as a checklist for inspection of the shipment prior to it’s leaving the motor
shop facility.

The sections encompass those activities that should be evaluated prior to the actual arrival of the
truck / transport vehicle (prerequisites) and the activities for loading and allowing the vehicle to
leave.

2.2 Prerequisites

‰ Obtain actual weights of the transported items. Use drawing / design information as a
starting point, but obtain actual weights, if possible, either prior to or at the repair facility.
This information is critical to the transportation company for assessment of permits and
vehicles. Normally the basic information may be found on the outline drawings or in the
design information. Actual overall weights can be obtained utilizing a load cell on the
lifting device.

Figure 2-1
Use of Load cell on crane hook

‰ Ensure that the correct type of truck has been ordered/received. This not only includes
defining a “low boy” but should also include the appropriate size (i.e. length, width,
number of axles), depending on space restrictions, and load requirements. The
requirements for the truck must also include the shipping container, if applicable. A walk
down of the area where the truck will be loaded should identify concerns, interferences or
other problems. If possible, consideration needs to be given to both the site and repair

10141849 2-1
 shop limitations. This should to be re-reviewed after obtaining permits and determining
route.

‰ Evaluate any interference with the shipping of the motor. This could include an
investigation around potential extensions, which would not allow the motor to sit flat on
the truck bed. There may be a need to fabricate a base plate in advance.

Figure 2-2
Special base plate due to shaft extension and piping

‰ Ensure that the necessary permits (over height, overweight, radioactive, etc) are approved
for all states that the shipment will be transported through. Ensure that station personnel
are aware of the permit / transportation restrictions. Some states have restrictions on the
vehicle movement depending on the permitted load. Others have different permits for
each anomalous condition. Permits may not even be required if partial “disassembly” of
the motor can be completed (e.g., remove of long cooling lines). The position of the
motor on the truck bed may allow for changes in the permits. All this information should
be evaluated and addressed in order to reduce “surprises” prior to shipment.

‰ Evaluate the use of accelerometers on the motor and vehicle to record potential high
vibration forces, which could damage components, especially thrust bearings. Use of
portable or one time use accelerometers may also be required as part of the transportation
company or the utility’s insurance policy for the shipment. Determine the acceptance
criteria and limits for the accelerometers and include those requirements in the purchase
order.

‰ Ensure the trucking company has the proper insurance for this type of shipment.

‰ Ensure that the driving path / route is known and documented prior to the shipment
leaving the facility. Understand and document the communication methods with the
driver / truck owner and station point of contact, if required. Discuss if communications
should be with the driver directly or through their dispatcher. This requirement is more
significant if the repair facility is awaiting the motor for a quick turnaround where time is
critical. Ensure that the weather conditions for the route are evaluated and understood,
including potential for weather related delays.

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 ‰ Discuss with the transportation company and evaluate their recommendations concerning
the use of lead vehicles or trailing vehicles based upon the load and permits required for
the transport.

‰ Ensure that the proper placards are in place for radioactive / hazardous shipments. This
will need to be coordinated with the appropriate station radwaste or hazardous material
(hazmat) shipping personnel. Ensure that the appropriate paperwork and personnel are
available for the shipment to reduce delays.

‰ Ensure that proper temporary storage is maintained of the loaded trailer, if the transit is
interrupted. This includes potential interruptions due to permit requirements or “acts of
god” during transit. Ensure the station or point of contact will be notified.

‰ For radioactive and contaminated motors, make sure container(s) are of approved type
and meet all the requirements for shipping radioactive and contaminated equipment per
site procedures. Evaluate the best shipping “container” for the motor. This could include
specially designed boxes or “double bags” which are approved for use. Do not just
assume that the motor can be wrapped in plastic or covered with a tarp.

‰ Verify that the appropriate security personnel have been notified of the incoming
transportation vehicle to reduce potential delays. Ensure that the proper documentation
has been completed.

2.3 Preparations and loading

‰ Photograph motor from various angles prior to beginning partial disassembly and
throughout the loading process to identify configuration and condition. Identify parts and
components during their removal.

‰ Evaluate impacts of removable parts to obtain desired optimal shipping condition. This
step is included to provide the removal / reduction of motor weight, which could
positively impact the permitting load requirements (e.g., over height could be eliminated
with the removal of upper reservoir vent piping). Document the removed items and
where the parts are located, i.e. are they part of the shipment in a secondary container.

‰ Ensure that all oil has been drained and that the reservoirs are identified as not containing
oil, as required.

‰ Ensure that the water filled coolers are properly drained of all water to alleviate damage
due to freezing or expansion in a closed system. Evaluate not only the draining but also
the possibility of blowing air through the cooler system. Other methods can be
considered to accomplish the same result, based upon station procedures.

‰ Remove all necessary piping, air coolers, water coolers, and termination boxes, as
required for clearance and/or protection. Evaluate any unsupported piping for potential
damage during shipping.

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 ‰ Ensure FME (foreign material exclusion) protection is installed on all required openings.

Figure 2-3
FME covers used on the main

‰ Ensure that the cables (main power and auxiliary) are properly protected against damage
and environmental conditions.

‰ Ensure proper rigging and associated equipment (bars, slings, spreaders, lifts, hoists,
cranes, etc.) are available to move the motor from it’s current location to the transport
vehicle. Ensure proper qualifications for personnel and equipment are current.

Determine what ancillary items need to be shipped with motor (i.e. coupling halves, piping,
air boxes, coolers, termination boxes.)

‰ Ensure that the motor will be properly protected from environmental hazards. Road salt
could “splash up” onto the underside of the vehicle and impact the bottom of the motor
during transport. Cover the top and bottom of the motor during winter transport with a
tarp or sealed bag to prevent intrusion of environmental contaminates. Evaluate the
utilization of a shipping box or an open top container.

Figure 2-4
Double bag for shipping

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 ‰ Ensure that the shaft is properly blocked to prevent axial and radial movement during
transport. For methods, contact OEM (original equipment manufacturer), motor shop
vendor or utilize specific site requirements.

Figure 2-5
One type of shaft blocking mechanism

‰ For radioactive and contaminated motors, coordinate with proper Radiation Protection
personnel to inspect the shipping container prior to placing motor and ancillary items
inside, to insure conformance with applicable requirements. If applicable, obtain
Radiation Protection approval prior to closing and or sealing container.

‰ Placement of the motor on the truck bed is also a consideration. Proper placement will
expedite loading and unloading the motor. Usually this is only a consideration for
activities at the station, but input from the motor shop should also be gathered.

‰ Determine what additional items are required to be shipped with the motor as defined
within the purchase order documentation. This could include, but is not limited to,
special oils / lubricants, spare / replacement bearings or other consumables.

‰ Ensure proper tie-down equipment or other rigging is available onsite or was brought
with the truck (chains, bands, etc.). Ensure the tie-downs adequately prevent the
movement of the shipment in all directions. If necessary discuss the concerns with the
company prior to the shipment leaving the site.

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10141849
3 STORAGE OF MOTORS
3.1 Scope

The Maintenance W/G of LEMUG determined that the storage of horizontal motors is different
from the storage of a similar type vertical motor. There are also special considerations for
sleeved bearings versus a motor with antifriction bearings (roller). Therefore, the first part of
this section addressed the common considerations for all motors in storage. The second section
looks at the motor orientation, discusses the failure mechanisms and effects (exclusions) and
recommends actions (tests) to minimize impacts on equipment reliability. The list of tests is for
guidance and single, multiple or all actions may be required to adequately protect against the
exclusions.

This document is intended as guidance and is not intended as an all-inclusive reference. Reactor
Coolant Pump Motors and Reactor Recirculation Pump Motors are not specifically addressed by
this document. Motors with “pre-loaded” bearings should also be evaluated and only the
applicable sections utilized.

The first step prior to placing storage requirements on a motor is to determine which motors will
be stored in accordance with short term or long term storage requirements. Some stations /
utilities want “critical” spares on site for immediate installation, as required. Others will only
have warehouse stock for “costly, long lead time” motors. This is an evaluation, which must be
made by not only the component owner, but also the asset management and warehouse
personnel. Inventory costs must be part of the overall equation. Additionally, the importance of
the installed motor and its replacement needs to be evaluated. EPRI/NMAC Technical
Document 1003095, “Electric Motor Tiered Maintenance Program” can be of assistance in this
determination.
3.2 General Programmatic Guidelines

‰ The following storage guidelines apply to motors to be stored longer than the shortest
storage PM interval.

10141849 3-1
Figure 3-1
Temporary motor storage stand located in a pump house

‰ ANSI N45.2.6 defined Class B storage or better is recommended for motor storage.
Evaluate the storage separation requirements for motors. For example, will the station
require separation of safety related and balance of plant motors while in storage and what
does this separation look like.

‰ Evaluate how much movement is acceptable once the motor is received in the storage
facility. Ensure that there are procedures / processes in place to properly move the motor
to prevent damage.

Figure 3-2
Warehouse motor storage with cover for access

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 ‰ Evaluate the storage requirements for the motor, i.e., covered, temperature controlled.

‰ Evaluate the storage area for hazards and determine if any additional protection, either for
the motor or personnel, will be required to store the motor

‰ Evaluate general maintenance / housekeeping requirements.

‰ Evaluate mechanical and electrical testing requirements during storage. See next section
for examples of tests.

‰ Ensure that the motor is properly identified to allow for maintenance traceability and/or
history or repair / rework traceability. Ensure personnel (maintenance and warehouse) are
properly trained in the storage and maintenance of motors.

‰ Ensure that a corrective action process is in place to identify deficiencies noted during
receipt inspections, warehouse walk downs and maintenance activities.

‰ Ensure that a process exists to track motors which have not been properly maintained in
storage, including motors which were scheduled for maintenance and could not be found
in the warehouse / storage facility.

‰ Assess the potential aging effects of internal motor and external heaters on the motor
insulation system. Determine what size and type of heater is appropriate for the motor
storage. This could involve reduced voltage / wattage heaters, secondary heaters or
replacement of the installed heaters with smaller devices. The length of the proposed
storage will need to be a consideration in this determination.

‰ Evaluate the requirements for in-situ testing of the motor prior to its release from the
storage facility. Also, determine additional steps or preparations to be required prior to
the release of the motor to the field.

3.3 Initial Setup Guidelines

‰ Ensure space heaters (or alternative heating methods) are energized, if the motor is so
equipped.

‰ Ensure rodent screens are installed, as required.

‰ Ensure that the shaft and keyways of the rotor are protected and coated, if applicable.

‰ Ensure that the motor is properly identified to allow for maintenance traceability and/or
history or repair / rework traceability.

‰ Ensure that the motor accessories (thermocouple and RTD) leads and terminal boxes are
accessible for the performance of any maintenance activity.

10141849 3-3
Figure 3-3
Removable covers allow for access and testing

‰ Ensure that the main power cables are protected and accessible for in storage
maintenance activities. Ensure that proper equipment is available to perform maintenance
and provide proper long-term storage (e.g.., mechanical jacks or lifting rigs for vertical
motor shafts).

‰ Ensure that the motor and motor stand is properly grounded to the station ground system.

3.4 Periodic Preventive Maintenance Guidelines

‰ Ensure space heaters (or alternative heating methods) are energized, if the motor is so
equipped. Ensure rodent screens are installed, as required.

Figure 3-4
Motor grounded to stand and indentified as having energized heaters

‰ Ensure that the shaft and keyways of the rotor are protected and coated, if applicable.

‰ Ensure that the motor is properly identified to allow for maintenance traceability and/or
history or repair / rework traceability.

3.5

10141849 3-4
 Additional Considerations

Evaluate the length of storage for additional impacts.

‰ Minimize work activities around the motor and within the storage area. Activities must
control dust generation and other dirt / FME which could enter the motor.

‰ Welding activities should be cautioned around the area of the stored motor. Improper
work precautions have allowed stray currents and shaft voltages to damage motor
bearings, while in storage.

‰ The motor should be stored out of the normal pathway / movement area of the building
crane to minimize the lifts of equipment / material over the stored motor.

‰ Engineering (or the appropriate station personnel) should be contacted ahead of time in
order to evaluate any potential floor loading concerns that may develop due to motor
storage. This would be required for both long and short-term storage.

3.6 Vertical Motors

The following table will help identify failure modes and methods to prevent or exclude these
modes during storage of vertical motors. Additionally, tests are identified as possible methods
that may be used to verify that the failure mode will not or did not occur. The end user should
determine specific use and combination of methods.
Table 3-1
Failure Modes and Exclusion Methods for Vertical Motors
Failure Mode Exclusion Tests
Condensation • Maintain motor internals • Periodic verification of
above ambient temperature heaters / heat sources
(Apply heat to the motor • Periodic verification of
internals utilizing internal installed desiccant
motor heaters, applying a • Insulation resistance
low voltage to the motor testing including
stator leads, or placing polarization index
light bulbs or other heat calculation and
sources trending
• Wrap motor and include
desiccant
• Seal the motor and apply a
nitrogen blanket around
motor
Provide a Class A storage
environment per ANSI
N45.2.6
Thrust Bearing Pad Damage • Rotate motor periodically • Physical inspection of the
(Upper Bearing) utilizing proper oil in motor (periodic walk

10141849 3-5
Failure Mode
Radial Guide Bearing Damage
(Upper and/or Lower Bearing)
Anti-friction Bearings
(Greased Bearing)
Foreign Material in Oil
Reservoir
10141849
Exclusion
reservoir and by lifting the
shaft by mechanical means
(recommend approx. 10-
15 mils of lift or 25 – 50%
of end/lift float
• Maintain thrust runner off
of the thrust pads by
storing motor with shaft
jacked and braced
Minimize physical movement
of the motor. This includes
movement during
transportation / movement and
by limiting external sources of
vibration.
• Verify motor is properly
stored in a level upright
position
• Block shaft to prevent
radial movement
• Verify grease is
maintained in a
satisfactory condition
• Block shaft to prevent
movement
• Minimize external
vibration impacts to
minimize the possibility of
false brinneling, etc.
• Prevent internal motor
component corrosion
utilizing one or more of
the following methods:
3-6
Tests
downs)
• Once installed, run motor
uncoupled while
monitoring thrust bearing
temperatures and shaft
movement utilizing
proximity probes
• Periodic oil sampling
while motor is in operation
(post installation)
• Periodic verification that
shaft remains lifted off of
the thrust pads
Identifying concerns with
thrust pad damage utilizing
placards or labels
• Installation level checks
with machinist levels, as a
minimum
• Visual check of bearings
(requires partial
disassembly)
• Once installed, run motor
uncoupled while
monitoring bearing
temperatures and shaft
movement utilizing
proximity probes
• Store motor as previously
stated
• Based upon length of
storage, evaluate and
possibly change grease
prior to installation
Once installed, again run
motor uncoupled while
monitoring bearing
temperatures. Also obtain
vibration spectrum data and
evaluate for potential bearing
fault frequencies
• Maintain the reservoir in a
closed / sealed position
• Verification of oil level
• Perform visual inspections
Failure Mode
Foreign Material in Motor
External motor damage
10141849
Exclusion
• Utilization of motor
storage oil or regular oil
• Installation of proper
reservoir seals
• Installing oil at the high
level of the standstill range
(i.e., oil level should be
above the top of the
bearing but below the top
of the reservoir standpipe
• Environmental controls for
motor storage
• Desiccant breathers on the
reservoir to prevent
intrusion of water vapors /
humidity
• Utilization of a nitrogen or
dry air charge on the oil
coolers to prevent water or
condensation intrusion.
• Prevent rodent intrusion
• Prevention of insect
intrusion
• Environmental controls to
prevent external
contaminates like salt
water intrusion
• Control the chemical
processes that could be
performed in close
proximity of the stored
motor (e.g., cleaning,
sweeping, painting, etc.)
Minimizing the impact of
construction FME on the
motor
• Coating damage
minimization
• Shaft and/or coupling
corrosion
• Frame damage
• Damage of auxiliary
equipment (RTD leads,
3-7
Tests
looking for leaks and/or
other contaminates
• Utilize proper station
controls for FME through
the use of covers, plugs,
etc.
• Periodically change the oil
and perform an analysis of
the oil (visual or lab)
specifically investigating
for FME. Note: oil sample
will not be representative
since the motor is not in
operation
• Periodic checking the
condition of the breathers
Installation of pressure gauges
to ensure charge on coolers
does not deteriorate.
• ANSI N45.2.6, Class A
motor storage environment
• Installation of protective
coatings
• Installation of seals and
plugs
• Minimize of external FME
exposure. Utilize proper
station controls for FME
through the use of covers,
plugs, etc.
• Periodic visual inspection
• Periodic visual inspection
of the motor external
surfaces
• Installation of approved
protective coatings
• Installation of protective
boots or covers and
Failure Mode
Other Components, including
brushes, if applicable
Exclusion Tests
thermocouple leads, etc.) inspection of cable / wire
• Missing or installation of leads
incorrect parts • Installation of bus work
• Motor lead damage protectors
• Corrosion and/or damage • Inspection of shaft damage
to the main or auxiliary and verification of shaft
termination boxes runouts
• Damage to the shaft and/or • Application of corrosion
coupling inhibitors
• Damage to the motor
mounting flange area
• Damage to non-coated
surfaces
• Hollow shaft alignment • Visual inspection of all
bushings components and installed
• Corrosion on the protection mechanisms
commutator surfaces
should be protected by
paper coverings
• Brushes need to be
removed from the surface
of the commutator (i.e.,
remove tension on the
brush springs)
Slip ring protection, for
example coatings or other
applicable coverings.

3.7 Horizontal Motors

The following table is provided to help identify failure modes and methods to prevent or exclude
these modes during storage of horizontal motors. Additionally, tests are identified as possible
methods that may be used to verify that the failure mode will not or did not occur. Specific use
and combination of methods are to be determined by the end user.
Table 3-2
Failure Modes and Exclusion Methods for Horizontal Motors
Failure Mode Exclusions Tests
Condensation • Maintain motor internals • Insulation resistance
above ambient temperature testing, including
• Wrap motor and include polarization index
desiccant calculation and trending
• Apply heat to the motor • Periodic verification of
internals utilizing internal heaters / heat sources
motor heaters, applying a • Periodic verification of

10141849 3-8
Failure Mode Exclusions
low voltage to the motor
stator leads and/or placing
light bulbs or other heat
sources
• Seal the motor and apply a
nitrogen blanket around
motor
Provide a Class A storage
environment per ANSI N45.2.6
Thrust Faces No Failure mode – motor is
considered robust against this
mode
Guides/Radials • Verify that the motor is
(Grease and Oil Lubricated maintained level
Bearings) • Oil reservoir filled at
maintained at appropriate
level
• Verify grease is maintained
in a satisfactory condition
• Block shaft to prevent
movement
Minimize external vibration
impacts to minimize the
possibility of false brinneling,
etc.
Shaft Bowing • Rotate shaft maintaining
adequate lubrication,
including oil level, oil lift
components (oil rings, etc.)
are operating properly.
Rotation should be
approximately 10
revolutions and the shaft
needs to come to rest in a
different location from
which it started
External Motor Damage • Coating damage
minimization
• Shaft and/or coupling
corrosion
• Frame damage
• Damage of auxiliary
equipment (RTD leads,
10141849 3-9
Tests
installed desiccant
Not Applicable
• Periodic check of proper
oil levels
• Installation checks and
mechanical measurements
• Based upon length of
storage, evaluate and
possibly change grease
prior to installation
• Once installed, again, run
motor uncoupled while
monitoring bearing
temperatures. Also obtain
vibration spectrum data
and evaluate for potential
bearing fault frequencies
• Physical inspection when
installing motor
• Uncoupled run with
proximity probes
• Periodic visual inspection
of the motor external
surfaces
• Installation of approved
protective coatings
• Installation of protective
boots or covers and
Failure Mode
Brushes, if applicable
Exclusions
thermocouple leads, etc.)
• Missing or installation of
incorrect parts
• Motor lead damage
• Corrosion and/or damage to
the main or auxiliary
termination boxes
• Damage to the shaft and/or
coupling
• Damage to the motor
mounting flange area
• Damage to non-coated
surfaces
Support and protection of the
feet (e.g., timbers)
• Corrosion on the
commutator surfaces should
be protected by paper
coverings
• Brushes need to be removed
from the surface of the
commutator (i.e., remove
tension on the brush springs)
• Slip ring protection, for
example coatings or other
applicable coverings
Tests
inspection of cable / wire
leads
• Installation of bus work
protectors
• Inspection of shaft damage
and verification of shaft
runouts
• Application of corrosion
inhibitors
• Visual inspection during
installation and TIR (Total
Indicated Runout)
measurements or check
flatness on a granite table
prior to installation
• Visual inspection of all
components and installed
protection mechanisms

10141849 3-10
10141849
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10141849
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