Type of Reaction Features
(Mnemonic)
A: Dose related
(Augmented)
B: Non–dose related
(Bizarre)
C: Dose related and time
related (Chronic)
D: Time related (Delayed)
E: Withdrawal (End of use)
F: Unexpected failure of
therapy (Failure)
Schatz, N., Weber R. 2015. Adverse drug reactions. Retrieved from
https://www.accp.com/docs/bookstore/psap/2015B2.SampleChapter.pdf
Examples
 Common Related to
the pharmacologic
action of the drug –
exaggerated
pharmacologic
response.
 Predictable Low
mortality
 Uncommon
 Not related to the
pharmacologic
action of the drug
 Unpredictable
 High mortality
 Uncommon
 Related to the
cumulative dose.
 Uncommon
 Usually dose
related.
 Occurs or becomes
apparent sometime
after use of the
drug.
 Uncommon
 Occurs soon after
withdrawal of the
drug.
 Common
 Dose related
 Often caused by
drug interactions
 Bleeding with warfarin
 Serotonin syndrome with SSRIs
 Anaphylaxis to penicillin
 Malignant hyperthermia with
general anesthetics
 Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis suppression by
corticosteroids
 Osteonecrosis of the jaw with
bisphosphonates
 Leucopenia with lomustine
 Contact dermatitis from topical
antihistamine
 Withdrawal syndrome with
opiates or benzodiazepines (e.g.,
insomnia, anxiety)
 Seizures with phenytoin
withdrawal
 Inadequate dosage of an oral
contraceptive when used with
an enzyme inducer
 Resistance to antimicrobial
agents