630 BC/612 BC (-570 BC*) - Sappho 624 BC* (-546 BC*) - Thales 610 BC* (-546 BC*) - Anaximander 585 BC (-528 BC) - Anaximenes 535 BC* (-475 BC*) - Heraclitus 525 BC/524 BC (-456 BC/455 BC) - Aeschylus 500 BC* (-428 BC) - Anaxagoras 497 BC/496 BC (-406 BC/405 BC) - Sophocles 490 BC* (-420 BC) - Protagoras 490 BC* (-430 BC*) - Empedocles 490 BC* (-430 BC*) - Zeno 485 BC* (-380 BC*) - Gorgias 480 BC* (-406 BC) - Euripides 469 BC* (-399 BC) - Socrates 460 BC* (-370 BC*) - Democritus 429 BC* - Oedipus the King (Sophocles) 428 BC/427 BC (-348 BC/347 BC) - Plato 384 BC (-322 BC) - Aristotle 341 BC (-270 BC) - Epicurus 99 BC* (-55 BC*) - Lucretius 70 BC (-19 BC) - Virgil 43 BC (-17/18) - Ovid 19 BC - The Aeneid (Virgil) 8 - Metamorphoses (Ovid) 450 (-1066) - Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Period 1066 (-1500) - Middle English Period 1288* (-1348*) - William of Ockham 1304 (-1374) - Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) (1308-1321) - The Divine Comedy (Dante Alighieri) 1313 (-1375) - Giovanni Boccaccio 1343* (-1400) - Geoffrey Chaucer 1353 - The Decameron (Giovanni Boccaccio) 1390* - The Canterbury Tales (Geoffrey Chaucer) 1452 (-1519) - Leonardo da Vinci 1485 (-1603) - Tudor Period 1494* (-1553) - François Rabelais 1500 (-1600) - Renaissance (Early Modern) Period 1503 (-1542) - Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder 1517 (-1547) - Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey 1528 - The Book of the Courtier (Baldassare Castiglione) 1530 (-1566) - Sir Thomas Hoby 1547 (-1616) - Miguel de Cervantes 1552* (-1599) - Edmund Spenser 1554 (-1586) - Sir Philip Sidney 1558 (-1603) - Elizabethan Era 1560 (-1621) - Thomas Harriot 1564 (-1593) - Christopher Marlowe 1564 (-1616) - William Shakespeare 1567 - Gargantua And Pantagruel 1572 (-1631) - John Donne 1572 (-1637) - Ben Johnson 1579* (-1647) - Thomas Morton 1592 (-1655) - Pierre Gasendi 1593 (-1633) - George Herbert 1596 (-1650) - René Descartes (1599-1601) - Hamlet (William Shakespeare) 1600 (-1785) - Neo-classical Period 1603 (-1714) - Stuart Period 1603 (-1625) - Jacobean Era (1603-1606) - King Lear (William Shakespeare) 1604 - Doctor Faustus (Christopher Marlowe) 1608 (-1674) - John Milton (1610-1611) - The Tempest (William Shakespeare) 1615 - Don Quixote (Miguel de Cervantes) 1621 (-1678) - Andrew Marvell 1621 (-1683) - Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury 1622 (-1673) - Molière 1623 - First Folio (William Shakespeare) 1623 (-1662) - Blaise Pascal 1624 - Emotions upon Emergent Occasions (John Donne) 1625 (-1642) - Caroline Era 1628 (-1688) - John Bunyan 1631 (-1700) - John Dryden 1632 (-1677) - Baruch Spinoza 1632 (-1704) - John Locke 1637 - Discourse on the Method (René Descartes) 1640 (-1689) - Aphra Behn 1643 (-1727) - Isaac Newton 1646 (-1716) - Gottfried Leibniz 1647 (-1680) - John Wilmot, Second Earl of Rochester 1649 (-1660) - Commonwealth Period (Interregnum) 1660* (-1731) - Daniel Defoe 1660 (-1800) - Neoclassicism 1660 (-1700) - Restoration Period 1663 (-1728) - Cotton Mather 1666 - The Misanthrope (Molière) 1667 - Paradise Lost (John Milton) 1667 (-1745) - Jonathan Swift 1672 (-1729) - Sir Richard Steele 1672 (-1719) - Joseph Addison 1677 - Ethics (Baruch Spinoza) 1678 - The Pilgrim's Progress (John Bunyan) 1682 - Absalom And Achitophel (John Dryden) 1684 (-1754) - Ludvig Holberg 1685 (-1732) - John Gay 1685 (-1753) - George Berkeley 1688 (-1744) - Alexander Pope 1689 (-1755) - Montesquieu 1694 (-1778) - Voltaire 1700 (-1745) - Augustan Period 1706 (-1790) - Benjamin Franklin 1709 (-1784) - Samuel Johnson 1710 (-1796) - Thomas Reid 1711 (-1776) - David Hume 1712 (-1778) - Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1714 (-1830) - Georgian Era 1719 - Robinson Crusoe (Daniel Defoe) 1722 - Moll Flanders (Daniel Defoe) 1726 - Gulliver's Travels (Jonathan Swift) 1728 - The Beggar's Opera (John Gay) 1729 (-1797) - Edmund Burke 1735 (-1813) - J. Hector St. Jean de Crèvecœur 1737 (-1809) - Thomas Paine 1743 (-1826) - Thomas Jefferson 1745 (-1783) - Age of Sensibility 1749 (-1832) - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1756 (-1836) - William Godwin 1757 (-1827) - William Blake 1759 (-1797) - Mary Wollstonecraft 1759 (-1796) - Robert Burns 1762 (-1814) - Johan Gottlieb Fichte 1767 (-1845) - August Wilhelm Schlegel 1770 (-1850) - William Wordsworth 1770 (-1831) - Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1771 (-1832) - Sir Walter Scott 1772 (-1834) - Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1772 (-1829) - Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel 1772 (-1801) - Novalis 1774 (-1843) - Robert Southey 1775 (-1817) - Jane Austen 1779 (-1850) - Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger 1783 (-1859) - Washington Irving 1785 (-1830) - Romanticism 1785 (-1859) - Thomas De Quincy 1788 (-1824) - George Gordon, Lord Byron 1788 (-1860) - Arthur Schopenhauer 1791 - Rights of Man (Thomas Paine) 1792 (-1822) - Percy Bysshe Shelley 1794 - Songs of Innocence And of Experience (William Blake) 1794 (-1878) - William Cullen Bryant 1795 (-1886) - Leopold von Ranke 1795 (-1821) - John Keats 1795 (-1881) - Thomas Carlyle 1797 (-1851) - Mary Shelley 1798 (-1857) - August Comte 1798 - Lyrical Ballads (Wordsworth, Coleridge) 1799 (-1837) - Alexander Pushkin 1799 (-1850) - Honoré de Balzac 1804 (-1864) - Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804 (-1872) - Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach 1807 (-1882) - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 1807 (-1892) - John Greenleaf Whittier 1809 (-1849) - Edgar Allan Poe 1809 (-1892) - Alfred, Lord Tennyson 1809 (-1882) - Charles Darwin 1811 (-1820) - British Regency 1811 (-1896) - Harriet Beecher Stowe 1812 (-1870) - Charles Dickens 1812 (-1889) - Robert Browning 1813 (-1883) - Richard Wagner 1813 (-1855) - Søren Kierkegaard 1813 - Pride and Prejudice (Jane Austen) 1814 - Mansfield Park (Jane Austen) 1814 (-1876) - Mikhail Bakunin 1815 (-1882) - Anthony Trollope 1816 (-1855) - Charlotte Brontë 1817 (-1862) - Henry David Thoreau 1818 (-1897) - Jacob Burckhardt 1818 (-1848) - Emily Brontë 1818 (-1895) - Frederick Douglass 1819 - Ivanhoe (Sir Walter Scott) 1819 (-1891) - James Russell Lowell 1819 (-1892) - Walt Whitman 1819 - The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon (Washington Irving) 1819 (-1880) - George Eliot 1819 (-1891) - Herman Melville 1819 (-1900) - John Ruskin 1820 (-1895) - Friedrich Engels 1821 (-1881) - Fyodor Dostoevsky 1821 (-1880) - Gustave Flaubert 1821 (-1867) - Charles Baudelaire 1821 - Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (Thomas De Quincey) 1822 (-1888) - Matthew Arnold 1824 - Don Juan (George Gordon, Lord Byron) 1828 (-1910) - Leo Tolstoy 1828 (-1906) - Henrik Ibsen 1828 (-1865) - American Romantic Period 1830 (-1886) - Emily Dickinson 1830 (-1894) - Christina Rossetti 1830 (-1860) - American Renaissance 1832 (-1917) - Edward Burnett Tylor 1835 (-1910) - Mark Twain 1836 - Nature (Ralph Waldo Emerson) 1837 (-1901) - Victorian Era 1837 (-1909) - Algernon Charles Swinburne 1839 (-1894) - Walter Pater 1840 (-1928) - Thomas Hardy 1840 (-1902) - Émile Zola 1842 (-1927) - Georg Brandes 1842 (-1910) - William James 1843 (-1916) - Henry James 1844 (-1924) - Anatole France 1844 (-1889) - Gerard Manley Hopkins 1844 (-1900) - Friedrich Nietzsche 1847 - Wuthering Heights (Emily Brontë) 1847 - Jane Eyre (Charlotte Brontë) 1847 (-1912) - Bram Stoker 1848 (-1860) - Pre-Raphaelites 1850 - The Scarlet Letter (Nathaniel Hawthorne) 1850 (-1894) - Robert Louis Stevenson 1851 - Moby-Dick (Herman Melville) 1852 - Uncle Tom's Cabin (Harriet Beecher Stowe) 1853 - Hard Times (Charles Dickens) 1854 (-1900) - Oscar Wilde (1855-1867) - The Chronicles of Barsetshire (Anthony Trollope) 1855 (-1924) - Marie Corelli 1856 (-1950) - George Bernard Shaw 1856 (-1939) - Sigmund Freud 1856 (-1915) - Booker T. Washington 1857 (-1913) - Ferdinand de Saussure 1857 (-1924) - Joseph Conrad 1859 (-1938) - Edmund Husserl 1859 - On the Origin of Species (Charles Darwin) 1859 - A Tale of Two Cities (Charles Dickens) (1860-1861) - Great Expectations (Charles Dickens) 1860 (-1935) - Charlotte Perkins Gilman 1860 (-1904) - Anton Chekhov 1861 (-1932) - Frederick Jackson Turner 1862 (-1943) - David Hilbert 1865 (-1936) - Rudyard Kipling 1865 (-1939) - William Butler Yeats 1866 - Crime and Punishment (Fyodor Dostoevsky) 1866 (-1946) - H. G. Wells 1868 (-1954) - Chapman Cohen 1869 - War and Peace (Leo Tolstoy) 1871 (-1945) - Theodore Dreiser 1871 (-1900) - Stephen Crane 1871 (-1922) - Marcel Proust 1872 (-1898) - Aubrey Beardsley 1872 (-1970) - Bertrand Russell 1874 (-1936) - G. K. Chesterton 1874 (-1963) - Robert Frost 1874 - Middlemarch (George Eliot) 1874 (-1946) - Gertrude Stein 1875 (-1955) - Thomas Mann 1876 (-1941) - Sherwood Anderson 1876 (-1916) - Jack London 1877 (-1945) - Maurice Halbwachs 1877 - Anna Karenina (Leo Tolstoy) 1878 (-1968) - Upton Sinclair 1879 (-1955) - Albert Einstein 1879 - A Doll's House (Henrik Ibsen) 1880 (-1901) - Aestheticism and Decadence 1880 (-1940) - Naturalism 1880 - The Brothers Karamazov (Fyodor Dostoevsky) 1881 (-1975) - P.G. Wodehouse 1882 (-1941) - James Joyce 1882 (-1941) - Virginia Woolf 1883 (-1924) - Franz Kafka 1883 (-1963) - William Carlos Williams 1885 - Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Mark Twain) 1885 (-1972) - Ezra Pound 1885 (-1930) - D.H. Lawrence 1886 - Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (Robert Louis Stevenson) 1886 (-1961) - H.D. 1887 (-1915) - Rupert Brooke 1888 (-1965) - T.S. Eliot 1888 (-1953) - Eugene O'Neill 1889 (-1951) - Ludwig Wittgenstein 1889 (-1976) - Martin Heidegger 1890 (-1918) - Isaac Rosenberg 1891 (-1980) - Henry Miller 1892 (-1940) - Walter Benjamin 1893 (-1918) - Wilfred Owen 1893 - Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (Stephen Crane) 1894 - The Jungle Book (Rudyard Kipling) 1894 (-1963) - Aldous Huxley 1894 (-1940) - Isaak Babel 1895 (-1973) - Max Horkheimer 1895 - The Red Badge of Courage (Stephen Crane) 1896 (-1940) - F. Scott Fitzgerald 1896 (-1970) - John Dos Passos 1896 (-1970) - Vera Brittain 1897 (-1962) - William Faulkner 1897 (-1975) - Thornton Wilder 1897 - Dracula (Bram Stoker) 1898 (-1979) - Herbert Marcuse 1898 - The Turn of the Screw (Henry James) 1898 (-1970) - Erich Maria Remarque 1898 (-1956) - Bertolt Brecht 1898 - The War of the Worlds (H. G. Wells) 1899 (-1977) - Vladimir Nabokov 1899 (-1961) - Ernest Hemingway 1899 (-1986) - Jorge Luis Borges 1900 - Sister Carrie (Theodore Dreiser) 1901 (-1910) - Edwardian Era 1902 (-1994) - Karl Popper 1902 - Heart of Darkness (Joseph Conrad) 1902 (-1968) - John Steinbeck 1903 (-1969) - Theodor W. Adorno 1903 (-1950) - George Orwell 1903 (-1966) - Evelyn Waugh 1904 (-1990) - B. F. Skinner 1905 (-1989) - Robert Penn Warren 1905 (-1980) - Jean-Paul Sartre 1907 (-1973) - W.H. Auden 1911 (-1983) - Tennessee Williams 1911 (-1991) - Max Frisch 1912 (-1992) - John Cage 1912 (-1991) - Northrop Frye 1912 - The Metamorphosis (Franz Kafka) 1913 (-1960) - Albert Camus (1913-1927) - In Search of Lost Time (Marcel Proust) 1910 (-1925) - Modernism 1914 - Dubliners (James Joyce) 1914 (-1997) - William S. Burroughs 1915 (-2005) - Saul Bellow 1915 (-2005) - Arthur Miller 1919 - Winesburg, Ohio (Sherwood Anderson) 1919 (-1990) - Roald Dahl 1916 - A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (James Joyce) 1918 (-2008) - Aleksandr Solzhenitzyn 1919 (-2010) - J.D. Salinger 1921 (-1988) - Raymond Williams 1922 (-2007) - Kurt Vonnegut 1922 (-1998) - William Gaddis 1922 - Ulysses (James Joyce) 1922 - The Cantos (Ezra Pound) 1923 (-1999) - Joseph Heller 1923 (-1985) - Italo Calvino 1924 (-1998) - Jean-François Lyotard 1924 (-1984) - Truman Capote 1925 (-1964) - Flannery O'Connor 1925 (-1984) - Alexander Trocchi 1925 - Mrs Dalloway (Virginia Woolf) 1925 - The Great Gatsby (F. Scott Fitzgerald) 1925 - The Trial (Franz Kafka) 1926 (-1984) - Michel Foucault 1926 - The Sun Also Rises (Ernest Hemingway) 1927 - To the Lighthouse (Virginia Woolf) 1928 (-2004) - Hubert Selby, Jr. 1928 (-2018) - Hayden White 1928 (-) - J. Hillis Miller 1928 (-) - Noam Chomsky 1928 - All Quiet on the Western Front (Erich Maria Remarque) 1929 - The Sound and the Fury (William Faulkner) 1929 (-) - Jürgen Habermas 1929 (-) - E.O. Wilson 1930 - As I Lay Dying (William Faulkner) 1930 (-2004) - Jacques Derrida 1930 (-) - John Barth 1931 (-) - E.L. Doctorow 1931 (-1989) - Donald Barthelme 1931 (-) - Toni Morrison 1931 (-1963) - Sylvia Plath 1932 (-) - Stuart Hall 1932 (-) - Robert Coover 1932 - Brave New World (Aldous Huxley) 1933 (-) - Cormac McCarthy 1933 (-1991) - Jerzy Kosinski 1937 - Of Mice and Men (John Steinbeck) 1937 (-) - Thomas Pynchon 1938 (-) - Anthony Giddens 1938 - Our Town (Thornton Wilder) 1938 (-) - Ishmael Reed 1939 (-) - Amos Oz 1939 - Finnegan's Wake (James Joyce) 1939 - The Grapes of Wrath (John Steinbeck) 1940 - For Whom the Bell Tolls (Ernest Hemingway) 1940 (-1992) - Angela Carter 1941 (-2002) - Stephen Jay Gould 1941 - Ficciones (Jorge Luis Borges) 1945 - Postmodernism 1946 - All the King's Men (Robert Penn Warren) 1947 (-) - Paul Auster 1947 (-1997) - Kathy Acker 1947 (-) - Salman Rushdie 1947 - The Plague (Albert Camus) 1947 - A Streetcar Named Desire (Tennessee Williams) 1948 (-) - Ian McEwan 1949 (-) - Tom Paulin 1949 - Nineteen Eighty-Four 1949 (-) - Patrick Süskind 1951 - The Catcher in the Rye (J.D. Salinger) 1952 (-) - Orhan Pamuk 1952 - The Old Man and the Sea (Ernest Hemingway) 1952 (-2001) - Douglas Adams 1954 (-) - Steven Pinker 1955 - Lolita (Vladimir Nabokov) 1957 - Homo Faber (Max Frisch) 1958 (-) - Roddy Doyle 1961 - Catch-22 (Joseph Heller) 1962 (-) - Chuck Palahniuk 1964 - Last Exit to Brooklyn (Hubert Selby, Jr.) 1967 (-) - Jhumpa Lahiri 1979 - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (Douglas Adams) 1981 - Midnight's Children (Salman Rushdie)