Exposure and
Vulnerability
EXPOSURE
resence that makes the
Examples:
disaster a possibility >Factory workers in a
Chemical
manufacturing plant
“Elements at risk” from >Health workers who
natural/ man-made hazard care taking care of a
event patient with
contagious disease
Elements exposed to hazard
● Human beings Source of danger,
● Dwellings or households Injury, or harm
and communities
● Buildings and structures
● Public facilities and infrastructure
assets
● Public and transport system
● Agricultural commodities
● Environmental assets
Vulnerability
“The characteristics and circumstances of
a community, system or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a
DISASTERS.” -UNISDR
3. Community Preparedness
● Building codes– building permits and
licenses for land development
*Baguio Earthquake
● Scientific monitoring and early warning
systems– updates from PAGASA
Sectors of Society that are
more vulnerable to disaster
● Communication networks –
Communication plays important role in
times of disaster
● Emergency planning – monitoring and
communication are in place
“Preparation is the key element of
prevention.”
Sectors of Society that are
more vulnerable to disaster
4. Dealing with the after-
effects
● Insurance cover– individual purchase
insurance policies to mitigate their losses
● Emergency personnel– these are trained
for community preparedness
*NDRRMC
● Aid request – foreign aids in the form of
monetary and material aid
Types of Vulnerability
1. Physical
Vulnerability
-substandard infrastructure
Example:
Wooden homes are less likely to collapse
in an earthquake, but are more vulnerable
to fire
Types of Vulnerability
2. Social Vulnerability
-lack of social awareness and information
dissemination
-inability of people, organization and
societies to withstand the adverse impact
to hazard
Types of Vulnerability
Example:
When flooding occurs,
some citizens may be
unable to protect
themselves or evacuate if
necessary
Types of Vulnerability
3. Economic
Vulnerability
-inadequate protection of assets
-economic status of individuals, communities
and nations
Example:
Poor sectors are lacking in this area, unable to
protect themselves in the outcome of
disasters.
Types of Vulnerability
4. Environmental
Vulnerability
-wise use and protection of natural
resources
Example:
Places with poor environmental practices
like deforestation and improper waste
management are more affected by disaster