PRINTING PLANTS
Table of Contents
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7-96 Printing Plants
Page 2 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets
List of Figures
Fig. 1. Press room design and layout ........................................................................................................... 4
Fig. 2. Rotogravure press fed by piping from storage/mixing room to press sump ..................................... 5
Fig. 3. Solvent dispensing station .................................................................................................................. 6
Fig. 4. In-process storage of paste ink in small containers, metal tote tanks, and metal tanks .................. 7
Fig. 5a. Automatic sprinkler protection for shielded areas of a single level newspaper press ................... 10
Fig. 5b. In-press automatic sprinkler protection for a multilevel newspaper press ..................................... 11
Fig. 6. Carbon dioxide and automatic sprinkler system protection for a rotogravure press
using flammable/combustible inks ..................................................................................................... 14
Fig. 7. Carbon dioxide and automatic sprinkler system protection for a central impression (CI)
flexography press with six printing decks using flammable/combustible inks .................................. 14
Fig. 8. Carbon dioxide and automatic sprinkler system protection for a stack-type
flexography press using flammable/combustible inks ...................................................................... 15
Fig. 9. Carbon dioxide protection for a six-color, in-line flexograph press using
flammable/combustible inks ............................................................................................................. 15
Fig. 10. Typical exhaust system design for rotogravure press with recirculated dryer atmosphere into burner
combustion chamber ...................................................................................................................... 17
Fig. 11. Areas where Class I, Div 1 and 2 classified electrical equipment is needed
for a flexography press using low-flash point flammable/combustible inks ................................... 20
Fig. 12. Areas where Class I, Div 1 and 2 classified electrical equipment is needed
for a rotogravure press using low-flash point inks, and where Class II, Div 2
classified electrical equipment is needed within and below the folder sound enclosure .............. 21
1.0 SCOPE
This data sheet contains fire protection and fire prevention recommendations for printing plants.
1.1 Changes
April 2010. The following changes were made:
1. Separated flammable/combustible liquid protection into three categories: (1) low flash-point (below 200°F
[93°C]), (2) high flash-point (200°F [93°C] and above), and (3) paste inks.
2. Added guidance on when to protect a printing occupancy as an flammable/combustible liquid-use area
in accordance with Data Sheet 7-32, Flammable Liquid Operations.
3. Added recommendations for in-process storage of roll paper in the press room.
4. Added recommendations for housekeeping in newspaper offset lithograph press operations.
5. Added details on the location and type of automatic fire protection for single and multiple-level lithograph
presses.
6. Added details on local-application CO2 system installation to promote better understanding of the system
design.
7. Added requirements for proper testing and maintenance of CO2 systems.
8. Added recommendations for control and computer room protection, carbon bed adsorbers, plate washers,
solvent recovery, lube oil, hydraulic, pneumatic, and heat transfer fluid (HTF) systems.
9. Added recommendations for dryers, exhaust ducts, and thermal oxidizers where design variations for
printing plant installations are different than those covered in existing standards.
2.1.5 Ensure sound/dust enclosures provided around slitter operations on the press are constructed of
noncombustible or FM Approved Class 1 materials. The provision of small clear plastic windows to allow visual
inspection of the process is acceptable.
2.1.6 Provide one-hour-rated fire separations for motor control centers, electrical/mechanical rooms, and
mail rooms. Provide positive pressure filtered air supplies to these rooms.
2.1.7 Protect openings in fire-rated floors and walls with FM Approved fire doors. Seal any penetrations
caused by piping, electrical cables, etc. with FM Approved penetration seals.
2.1.8 In dust-producing occupancies within printing plants (e.g., slitter enclosures, baler rooms, finishing
operations involving corn starch application to printed media, etc.), do the following:
A. Evaluate the dust exposure using Data Sheet 7-76, Prevention and Mitigation of Combustible Dust
Explosion and Fire.
B. Install and arrange dust collection systems designed to prevent any dust accumulation inside plant
areas in accordance with Data Sheet 7-73, Dust Collectors and Collection Systems. Always locate dust
collection equipment (e.g., cyclones, bag collectors, etc.) outside. Provide adequate explosion isolation
between the dust collection equipment and the building.
C. Provide automatic sprinkler protection in bag-type dust collectors.
D. If a dust collector is located inside, provide damage-limiting construction designed to direct the products
of a deflagration (i.e., fire, pressure, and unburned dust) outside the plant or use a properly designed
and installed FM Approved explosion-venting system.
E. Provide building designs that minimize horizontal surfaces where dust can accumulate.
2.2 Occupancy
Fig. 2. Rotogravure press fed by piping from storage/mixing room to press sump
2.2.1.2 In cases where more than 55 gal (208 L) of solvent is needed at a press for normal operations,
hard-pipe solvent from a properly arranged cut-off room or tank per Section 2.2.1.1 to the point of use on
the press, and arrange in accordance with Data Sheet 7-32. In cases where manual handling is needed,
arrange the solvent dispensing stations as follows (see Fig. 3):
A. Locate the dispensing station at least 15 ft (4.6 m) from a press, and 25 ft (7.6 m) from any in-process
storage.
B. Design the system to use the minimum flow rate necessary for normal operations, but do not exceed
1 gpm (3.7 L/min) and 1⁄2 in. (13 mm) diameter pipe/tubing.
C. Provide containment at the dispensing point and design it to hold at least 20 gal (76 L) of solvent.
D. In addition to the safety shut-off valve at the point of use, provide an FM Approved, normally closed,
spring-loaded valve at the dispensing point for regular dispensing operations.
E. Provide mechanical, low-level ventilation adjacent to the dispensing point and design it to keep any
flammable vapor concentration below 25% of the solvent’s lower explosive limit (LEL).
F. Provide properly arranged bonding and grounding in accordance with Data Sheet 5-8, Static Electricity.
2.2.1.3 Do not store or dispense inks or solvents in storage areas (roll paper warehouse, signature storage
areas, etc.).
Fig. 4. In-process storage of paste ink in small containers, metal tote tanks, and metal tanks
2.3 Protection
2.3.1 General
2.3.1.1 Install wet automatic sprinklers throughout printing press facilities. Extra care needs to be taken to
ensure all concealed spaces with combustible materials around presses or below mezzanines are adequately
covered by sprinkler protection.
2.3.1.2 Design automatic sprinkler systems as follows:
A. Design ceiling sprinkler protection for press rooms with no in-process storage to provide a 0.30 gpm/ft2
(12 mm/min) over 3,000 ft2 (279 m2) using 165°F (74°C), quick-response sprinklers.
B. Design ceiling sprinkler protection for press rooms with limited quantities of in-process storage as
described in Sections 2.1.2(B), 2.1.2(C), and 2.2.2 to provide a 0.30 gpm/ft2 (12 mm/min) over 3,000 ft2
(279 m2) using 286°F (141°C) sprinklers.
C. Design ceiling sprinkler protection for press rooms with excess amounts of in-process storage of roll
stock or flammable/combustible liquids in accordance with the appropriate data sheet. Protect the entire
press room area for the highest hazard.
D. Protect paste-ink storage and staging as follows (see Figure 4):
1. Design ceiling sprinklers over small container storage (not more than 6.5 gal [25 L]) of paste inks in
accordance with Data Sheet 8-9 using the protection criteria for a cartoned unexpanded plastic.
2. Design ceiling sprinklers over metal tote storage to provide at least a 0.30 gpm/ft2 (12 mm/min) over
2,000 ft2 (186 m2) using 165°F (73°C) sprinklers.
C. Provide in-rack sprinklers over the first tier of a tote storage rack using a horizontal spacing of 8 ft
(2.4 m) located at each rack upright. Use quick-response, K ≥ 5.6 (80), 165°F (73°C) automatic in-rack
sprinklers. Design for operation of up to eight sprinklers at a flow rate of 30 gpm (115 L/min) and balance
with the provided ceiling sprinkler system.
2.3.1.3 Interlock the following press systems to automatically shut down upon activation of a fire protection
system:
• Ink, solvent, thinner, and blanket wash pumping systems
• Vacuum systems
• Hydraulic oil systems
• Lube oil systems
• Pneumatic systems
In addition to the automatic interlocks, provide a remotely accessible manual shut-off.
2.3.2.2 Provide protection for single-unit-high presses shielded from ceiling sprinkler protection as follows:
Fig. 5a. Automatic sprinkler protection for shielded areas of a single level newspaper press (not shown is automatic sprinkler
protection for shielded areas on the opposite side of the press); for multiple press levels the protection shown above is
repeated at each level of the press
A. Provide automatic sprinklers under all platforms or walkways, regardless of width between press units.
Installation at the center of a platform (along centerline of press) is preferable; however, the sprinkler may
need to be located at the side of the platform due to obstructions or web break. If the web runs under
the platform, a web break could wrap around the sprinkler.
B. Provide automatic sprinkler protection under catwalks adjacent to the press when any of the following
conditions exist:
1. Catwalks are above a press unit operating level, or
2. Catwalks are 4 ft (1.2 m) or more in width, or
3. There are combustibles under the catwalk, including flammable/combustible liquid-piping or electrical
cable.
C. Provide automatic sprinkler protection in sound enclosures around folders.
D. Design in-press sprinklers at the operating level for single-high presses for 7 sprinklers operating at
22 gpm (83 L/min). Use K ≥ 5.6 (80), quick-response, 165°F (74°C) sprinklers. Operation of in-press
sprinklers does not need to be balanced with the ceiling sprinkler system (consider the ambient
temperature in the areas where the sprinklers will be installed and ensure the temperature rating of the
sprinklers is at least 50˚ above ambient).
Fig. 5b. In-press automatic sprinkler protection for a multilevel newspaper press
2.3.2.3 Provide one of the following types of fixed fire protection for multiple-unit-high (tower) presses as
follows:
A. Provide automatic sprinkler protection below platforms, catwalks, and in archways.
1. Provide automatic sprinklers for multilevel presses at all operating levels as described in Sections
2.3.2.2(A) through 2.3.2.2(D).
2. Provide 165°F (74°C) quick-response automatic sprinklers to protect all archways (doghouses) of
press towers to limit vertical fire spread.
3. Design in-press sprinkler protection for 14 sprinklers (seven sprinklers on each of two levels)
operating at 22 gpm (83 L/min). Use K ≥ 5.6 (80), quick response, 165°F (74°C) sprinklers. In-press
sprinklers do not need to be balanced with ceiling sprinklers (consider the ambient temperature in the
areas where sprinklers will be installed and ensure the temperature rating of the sprinklers is at least
50˚ above ambient).
B. Provide an automatic fixed water spray system designed as follows:
1. Arrange FM Approved open nozzles around each press level, with the nozzles pointed into press
openings.
2. Design the water spray system to provide 22 gpm (85 L/min) with a minimum discharge pressure
of 7 psig (0.5 barg) using solid cone, spray nozzles with a maximum discharge angle of 120°. The deluge
system does not need to be balanced with the ceiling sprinkler system.
3. Provide a separate deluge valve for each tower tied to a heat detection system located above that
tower, or use automatic zone valves tied to a heat-detection system located above a tower and a single
deluge valve.
4. Provide a water supply adequate for the water-spray systems in two adjacent towers.
2.3.2.4 Use a cage around any installed sprinklers if there is a possibility that mechanical damage could
result in their operation.
2.3.2.5 When used, install pre-action automatic sprinkler systems in accordance with Data Sheet 2-0,
Installation Guidelines for Automatic Sprinkler Systems. Ideally, use line-type heat detection wrapped around
the sprinkler piping, or use spot heat detectors located no more than 12 in. (30.5 cm) from each automatic
sprinkler to ensure prompt water delivery. Usually, pre-action sprinkler systems are not recommended or
needed for this occupancy.
• Dryer
• Exhaust ducts
B. Use K ≥ 5.6 (80), quick-response 165°F (74°C) temperature-rated sprinklers designed to provide 22
gpm (83 L/min) out of seven sprinklers. Press sprinklers do not need to be balanced with the ceiling
sprinkler system.
2.3.4.3 Provide a combination of automatic sprinklers and special protection systems for any presses using
low-flashpoint flammable/combustible inks (i.e., closed-cup flashpoint lower than 200°F [93°C]).
2.3.4.3.1 Install/design automatic sprinklers as follows:
A. Provide sprinkler protection below solid or grated mezzanines and in concealed spaces within the press
(see Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10).
B. Use K ≥ 5.6 (80), quick-response 165°F (74°C) temperature-rated sprinklers.
C. Design sprinkler protection for seven sprinklers operating at 22 gpm (83 L/min).
D. The in-press sprinkler system does not need to be balanced with the ceiling sprinkler system.
2.3.4.3.2 Design/install special protection systems as follows:
A. Protect unenclosed presses with a FM Approved local application CO2 system designed in accordance
with Data Sheet 4-11N, Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems.
B. Protect enclosed presses with an FM Approved total flooding CO2 system in accordance with Data
Sheet 4-11N, Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems.
C. Design local application systems so the full quantity of agent needed to meet the design concentration
is discharged within 30 seconds.
D. Arrange the special protection systems so they can be manually activated by press operators and
automatically activated by fire detection. Use FM Approved flame detection or heat detection.
E. Interlock the fire detection system to shutdown press, exhaust system, ink and solvent supply, and
pneumatic and hydraulic systems associated with press operation.
F. Design press protection to either discharge to protect the entire press line at one time or subdivide
into zones. In the latter case, provide adequate agent for a full discharge for all press units.
Fixed special protection with adequate detection is the first line of defense. Automatic sprinkler protection
is intended to contain a fire and prevent it from getting beyond the press in the event of re-ignition.
2.3.4.4 Protect presses that switch between flammable/combustible and non-flammable/combustible inks
as though they used flammable/combustible inks all the time.
2.3.4.5 Provide web-break detection and interlocks to shut down the press to prevent burning or solvent/
ink-soaked material from being pulled through the press.
Fig. 6. Carbon dioxide and automatic sprinkler system protection for a rotogravure press using flammable/combustible
inks
Fig. 7. Carbon dioxide and automatic sprinkler system protection for a central impression (CI) flexography press with six
printing decks using flammable/combustible inks
Fig. 8. Carbon dioxide and automatic sprinkler system protection for a stack-type flexography press using flammable/
combustible inks
Fig. 9. Carbon dioxide protection for a six-color, in-line flexograph press using flammable/combustible inks (where the
press is in an enclosure, sprinklers would be provided within the enclosure)
2.3.6.2 Provide portable fire extinguishers rated for the occupancy in accordance with Data Sheet 4-5,
Portable Extinguishers. Locate within 20 ft (6.1 m) of the press and where they would be accessible during
a fire.
2.3.9 Ducts
2.3.9.1 Design, construct, and protect ducts in accordance with Data Sheet 7-78, Industrial Exhaust Systems.
Provide automatic sprinkler protection for metal ducts if there are accumulations of oily residue and paper
dust. Inspect ducts every six months.
2.4.1 General
2.4.1.1 Provide hard-wired safety circuits, or install PLCs or other programmable electronic systems in
accordance with Data Sheet 7-45, Instrumentation and Control in Safety Applications.
2.4.1.2 Provide low-level local ventilation for rotogravure and flexograph presses using low-flashpoint inks
for normal operation and when shut down for cleaning. Ensure ventilation rates are 1 cfm/ft2 (0.3 m3/min m2).
Extend ventilation to cover dispensing of liquids with flashpoints lower than 200°F (93°C). Provide supervision
for the ventilation and alarm on loss of ventilation.
2.4.2 Dryers
2.4.2.1. Design purge, ventilation, and fuel train interlocks for dryers, thermal oxidizers/fume incinerators,
carbon bed adsorbers or other emission control systems in accordance with Data Sheets 6-9, Ovens and
Dryers; 6-11, Fume Incinerators; and 7-2, Waste Solvent Recovery. Ensure the burner system is interlocked
to automatically shut down on operation of process safety controls associated with this equipment.
2.4.2.2 Provide adequate safety ventilation to prevent solvent concentrations in the dryer and associated
ducting from exceeding 25% of the lower flammable limit (LFL). Ensure safety ventilation is adequate for
solvent concentrations measured during blanket wash. Test and confirm the exhaust ventilation design during
equipment commissioning.
2.4.2.3 Provide FM Approved LFL detectors directly on the dryer to minimize the length of sampling tubes.
Sampling tubes with extended lengths can delay notification, increasing response time. Test and maintain
detectors in accordance with OEM specifications. If a flammable calibration gas is needed for the detection
system, locate cylinders outside of important buildings and follow guidance in Data Sheet 7-50, Compressed
Gases in Cylinders.
2.4.2.4 Do the following where dryers are operated above 25% of the LFL:
A. Interlock detectors to alarm at a maximum of 45% and trip at 50%. Arrange the trip to shut off burners,
lift the press imprint roller, and stop the web (fast stop), open ventilation dampers, and increase fan speed.
B. Test and confirm safety ventilation at least annually.
C. Calibrate LFL detectors semi-annually.
2.4.2.5 Interlock the imprint roller with exhaust ventilation on flexograph and rotogravure presses using
low-flashpoint inks. Conducting imprint roller color checks with the dryer ventilation system off could result
in an explosion in the dryer.
2.4.2.6 Arrange damper settings so minimum exhaust ventilation is maintained based on ink application rate
or automatic solvent wash, whichever is greater. Provide dampers with proximity (position) switches so
minimum exhaust ventilation is maintained. An acceptable alternative is to provide mechanical stops on the
dampers arranged to ensure the minimum needed exhaust rate will be maintained (see Fig. 11).
Fig. 10. Typical exhaust system design for rotogravure press with recirculated dryer atmosphere into burner combustion
chamber; the figure shows LFL detectors for the dryer, explosion venting for the dryer and ductwork, and damper
arrangement set for minimum exhaust ventilation based on ink application rate or auto solvent wash, whichever is greater
2.4.2.7 Provide damage-limiting construction for dryers that are direct fired and/or handle flammable/
combustible solvents (See Data Sheets 6-9, Ovens and Dryers; 7-32, Flammable Liquid Operations; and
1-44, Damage Limiting Construction, for design information). Provide explosion venting for exhaust ducts in
accordance with Data Sheet 6-11, Fume Incinerators. The ducts include dryer exhaust and recirculation ducts
where dryer or oven atmosphere is re-circulated to the combustion chamber.
2.4.2.8 Provide separate exhaust ventilation for each dryer and the thermal oxidizer/fume incinerator, where
possible, so each can be independently purged to atmosphere during startup or process upset conditions.
2.4.2.9 Do the following where there is a common exhaust system supported by a variable-speed exhaust fan
downstream of the dryer or other vapor generating equipment that provides a constant negative exhaust
system pressure:
A. Prevent operation of the RTO/fume incinerator, or shut it down and vent the dryer exhaust to atmosphere
if a hazardous condition exists. Provide LFL detection in the dryer and exhaust ducts connected to the
RTO.
B. Provide direct airflow measurement in the duct connecting dryers to the central exhaust system.
Interlock to shut down dryers and RTO. Do not use a negative exhaust pressure interlock; this is not
effective because the variable speed fan is designed to maintain a constant negative pressure.
C. Provide proper damper controls to ensure adequate ventilation of dryers, exhaust ducts, and RTO.
D. Do not allow re-circulation of exhaust from one dryer to other dryers.
E. Ensure the oxidizer is in operation before dryers are purged and the startup cycle is initiated.
F. Shut off the burner for the dryers and stop the press imprint roller and web if the thermal oxidizer trips.
2.4.2.10 Do the following where press designs allow modification of re-circulation rates for the dryers:
A. Verify there has been no change in safety monitoring interlocks (air flow, air pressure switches, damper
proximity switches) following a modification of recirculation rate.
B. Develop a formal procedure to confirm the change in recirculation rate will not result in hazardous vapor
concentrations in the dryer and associated ductwork.
2.4.2.11 Provide a direct method of measuring exhaust ventilation from the oven, or interlock the damper
system with a proximity switch set at the minimum exhaust air flow rate for the dryer.
2.4.2.12 Interlock direct-fired dryers (or dryers that operate at a temperature high enough to ignite the printed
material) to shut down when the press is stopped. For rotary web press, the web could be automatically
removed on press shutdown.
2.5 Maintenance
2.5.1 Clean and test the static eliminator system periodically.
2.5.2 Establish a formal preventive and predictive maintenance program for press unit bearings, drive motors,
clutches, gearboxes, dryer fans, and combustion blowers.
2.5.3 Establish a formal preventive maintenance and testing program for all fuel-fired equipment burner safety
controls.
2.5.4 Establish a formal preventive maintenance, testing, and calibration program for LFL detection systems
and interlocks on press dryers and thermal oxidizer units in accordance with OEM specifications.
2.5.5 Maintain dryers and thermal oxidizing equipment in accordance with OEM specifications and Data
Sheets 6-9, Industrial Ovens and Dryers, and 6-11, Fume Incinerators.
2.6.3 Housekeeping
2.6.3.1 Keep equipment that generates combustible dust, such as paper and starch, and the surrounding
areas as dust-free as possible using automatic dust-collection equipment. In the event of an accidental dust
release, only use vacuuming for cleaning up the dust. (See Data Sheet 7-73, Dust Collectors and Collection
Systems, for further protection guidelines.)
2.6.3.2 Establish cleaning schedules for (a) presses, (b) ink troughs, (c) folders, (d) dryers, (e) slitters, (f)
dust collection ducts, (g) baler rooms, (h) areas below the press, and (i) oil-collection pans.
2.6.3.3 Do not allow continuous residue accumulations between press units of greater than 1/16 in. (1.6 mm)
high-density dust to 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) low-density dust above or below the press operating floor. Record
cleaning frequencies.
2.6.3.4 Prevent the accumulation of paper scrap, flammable/combustible liquids, and cleaning rags.
2.6.3.5 Examine ducts, areas above suspended ceilings, and all pit areas at least every six months for
accumulations of ink mist. Clean as necessary. Redesign of the ventilation system may be needed where
frequent cleaning is required.
Fig. 11. Areas where Class I, Div 1 and 2 classified electrical equipment is needed for a flexography press using low-flash
point flammable/combustible inks
Fig. 12. Areas where Class I, Div 1 and 2 classified electrical equipment is needed for a rotogravure press using low-flash
point inks, and where Class II, Div 2 classified electrical equipment is needed within and below the folder sound enclosure
2.7.4 Establish a housekeeping program. Pay special attention to potentially hot areas such as bearings,
drive motors, and gearboxes.
2.7.5 Observe standard ignition-source prevention practices with regard to hot work and smoking.
3.1 Construction/Location
and mixing operations also create severe fire hazards that will produce extreme temperatures, black smoke
and, because they are liquids, can spread fire across large areas. Using walls, curbs, and drains will eliminate
the potential exposure created by either of these hazards to the printing equipment.
3.2 Occupancy
Press-room protection recommended in this data sheet is expected to control a fire in paste ink as long as
it has not been cut with an flammable/combustible solvent.
3.3 Protection
Local application CO2 systems are the most widely used special protection systems in printing plant
operations.
One of the major factors affecting the proper operation of CO2 systems is reliance on manual operation.
Operators attempt to control and extinguish the fire with portable extinguishers and, if not successful, then
activate the CO2 system. In many incidents, this was effective. In some incidents, however, the delay in
operation resulted in surface temperatures high enough to reignite ink when concentrations of CO2
decreased. Another factor is lack of proper inspection, testing, and maintenance of protection systems. In
one incident, a fire occurred on a rotogravure press. Sprinklers operated, operators left the area in anticipation
of the CO2 system actuating, but the system did not operate. Failure to shut down an flammable/combustible
liquid spray fire will also cause a CO2 system to fail to extinguish a fire.
In a recent 8-year period there were 14 fires where CO2 systems were provided and were described as
operating effectively. CO2 protection was provided in eleven incidents for rotogravure and flexograph presses,
and in two incidents for offset lithograph presses. There were seven incidents where CO2 was not provided
where needed, and there were three incidents where an installed CO2 system failed to limit damage.
3.4 Maintenance
There are two types of maintenance for presses: preventive and predictive.
Preventive maintenance consists of regularly scheduled tests, measurements, adjustments, and parts
replacement performed specifically to prevent faults from occurring.
Predictive maintenance is condition-driven. Oil changes and sump cleaning are conducted as described
above; however, rather than replacing the bearing on a regular schedule, instruments are used to monitor
the mechanical condition and other parameters in an attempt to determine the approximate time of failure so
the bearing can be replaced before it fails.
4.0 REFERENCES
4.1 FM Global
Data Sheet 1-19, Fire Walls, Subdivisions and Draft Curtains
Data Sheet 4-1N, Fixed Water Spray Systems for Fire Protection
Data Sheet 4-5, Portable Extinguishers
Data Sheet 5-1, Electrical Equipment in Hazardous Locations
Data Sheet 5-8, Static Electricity
Data Sheet 5-32, Electronic Data Processing Systems
Data Sheet 6-9, Industrial Ovens and Dryers
Data Sheet 6-11, Fume Incinerators
Data Sheet 7-2, Waste Solvent Recovery
Data Sheet 7-29, Flammable Liquid Storage in Portable Containers
Data Sheet 7-32, Flammable Liquid Operations
Data Sheet 7-45, Instrumentation and Control in Safety Applications
Data Sheet 7-73, Dust Collectors and Collection Systems
Data Sheet 7-78, Industrial Exhaust Systems
Data Sheet 7-88, Storage Tanks for Flammable Liquids
Data Sheet 7-98, Hydraulic Fluids
Data Sheet 7-99, Heat Transfer by Organic and Synthetic Fluids
Data Sheet 8-9, Storage of Class 1, 2, 3, 4 and Plastic Commodities
Data Sheet 8-21, Roll Paper Storage
4.2 Other
American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Safety Standard – Printing Press Systems. ANSI B65.1-1995.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Binding and Finishing Systems. ANSI B65.2-1999.
Gravure Association of America, Inc. “Gravure Process Glossary.” http://www.gaa.org/technical-resources
/tech-downloads.html (accessed June 2, 2008).
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigation. NFPA 921. Latest
edition.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). National Electrical Code. NFPA 70. Latest edition.
Paste ink: An ink with a closed cup flash point greater than or equal to 200°F (93°C) that in an unsheared
condition at room temperature will not pour or readily flow. There is no definition for paste ink in the printing
industry.
Platen presses: Platen presses are the most flexible type of letterpress, capable of printing on a wide range
of paper products from thin paper to heavy cardboard, and from coarse to high-gloss paper. Fine register
multicolor work can be done, each color requiring a separate printing operation.
Process colors: The four colors (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) that are controlled to print a wide range
of colors. When blended, these reproduce only a small portion of all the colors found in nature, but they can
reproduce the widest range with the fewest number of inks.
Sealed container: This term refers to a container that is tightly covered. An example is a container that is
ready for shipment versus a container that has a loose fitting cover provided.
Secondary colors:Colors created by combining two primary colorants of a color system (also referred to as
overprint colors). Example: red would be the secondary color produced with magenta and yellow.
Tote Tank: Heavy steel cylindrical tank generally used for paste ink storage, dispensing, and shipping. They
range in size from 200 gal (750 L) to 400 gal (1510 L). The tanks are designed for pressurized dispensing
of paste ink.
Web: Material to be printed and/or processed in roll form.
Web guide: Device that keeps the web traveling straight or true through the press.