SUDHIR MEMORIAL INSTITUTE.

AISSCE SESSION-2018-19.
SOLENOID ENGINE

PHYSICS.
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT.

NAME:-ROHIT PAL.
ROLL NO.-
CLASS:-XII.
In the accomplishment of this project successfully ,many
people have best owned upon me their blessings and the
heart pledged support .This time I am utilizing to thank all
the people who have been concerned with this project .
Primarily I would thank god for being able to complete this
project with success .Then I would like to thank my
principal and Chemistry subject teacher who is valuable
guidance has been the ones that help me patch this project
and make it full proof success suggestions .Their
instructions has served as the major contributor towards
the completion of this project.
Then I would like to thank my parents and friends who
have helped me with their valuable suggestions and
guidance has been helpful in various phases of the
completion of the project.
Last but not the least I would like to thank my classmates
who have helped me a lot

. .
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER
This is to certify that Rohit Pal, a student of class 12 has
successfully completed the research on the below
mentioned project under the guidance of Mrs.Neera Gupta
(Subject teacher) during the year 2018-19 in partial
fulfillment of chemistry practical examination conducted
by AISSCE, New Delhi.

. .
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER
1. CERTIFICATE
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. AIM OF THE PROJECT
4. INTRODUCTION
5. SOLENOID ENGINE
6. CONCLUSION AND SCOPE OF
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT.
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
AIM OF THE
EXPERIMENT.

SOLENOID
ENGINE.
.
WHAT IS A SOLENOID?
A solenoid is a coil of insulated or enameled wire wound
on a rod-shaped form made of solid iron, solid steel, or
powdered iron. Devices of this kind can be used as
electromagnets, as inductors in electronic circuits, and as
miniature wireless receiving antennas.

In a solenoid, the core material is ferromagnetic, meaning

that it concentrates magnetic lines of flux. This increases
the inductance of the coil far beyond the inductance
obtainable with an air-core coil of the same dimensions
and the same number of turns. When current flows in the
coil, most of the resulting magnetic flux exists within the
core material. Some flux appears outside the coil near the
ends of the core; a small amount of flux also appears
outside the coil and off to the side.
In automobile engine is as main power source in which by
combustion heat is produced and chemical energy is
converts into mechanical energy. but due to combustion
harmful gasses are produced which causes of air pollution.
now a day's electric bikes are developed. but they have less
load carrying capacity and not suitable for long run. so
that we prefer electromagnetic engine for more power and
capacity. Solenoid works as electromagnet when current
supplied to it. Engine works without any fuel and no
pollution in atmosphere such in case of fuel engine. Coil
magnetism is used to attract the plunger. spark distributor
is used to actuate electromagnet according to position of
piston in cylinder rather than sensors and microcontroller.
PRINCIPLE OF SOLENOID. ENGINE
Solenoid engine basically working on the electromagnetic
attraction. It is an electromagnetic device which moves the
plunger as per the coil magnetism and no pollution into
the atmosphere. Whenever electric current is supplied to
conductor a surrounding magnetic field is set up at its
surface and it works as electromagnet. The
electromagnetic force is depend upon the current flowing
through coil and number of turns that wound on coil. As
the current passes from coil is works as electromagnet and
the basic idea is about to run the engine on magnetic
attraction and repel principle.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF MECHANISM
When supplies current through coil then due to
electromagnetism generates magnetic field around hat coil
due to that the rod inside get repel or attract based on
direction of current. To give movement from one plunger
to other plunger attraction can use simple distributor
rather than arduino and micro controller.The main
movement of plunger attracts is in order of First coil-third
coil- third coil – fifth coil – second Coil – fourth Coil and
further this 1-3-5-2-4 cycle follows for rotation.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Electromagnetic or magnetic induction is the
production of an electromotive force (i.e., voltage) across
an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field.
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of
induction in 1831, and James Clerk
Maxwell mathematically described it as Faraday's law of
induction. Lenz's law describes the direction of the
induced field. Faraday's law was later generalized to
become the Maxwell–Faraday equation, one of the
four Maxwell equations in his theory of electromagnetism.
Electromagnetic induction has found many applications,
including electrical components such
asinductors and transformers, and devices such as electric
motors and generators.
PARTS USED
1. Solenoid Coil
2. Crankshaft
3. Electronic Relay
4. Battery(12v)
5. Switch key
6. Wooden base.

BASIC FUNCTION
Our project mainly deals with with the electromagnetic
field concept which is used to produce magnetic force to
run the piston and that force transferred to the connecting
rod and ultimately it rotates crank shaft and that is how
the engine delivers required power.
MERITS OF SOLENOID ENGINE
1. There is no effect on atmosphere because electromagnetic
engine cause no atmospheric pollution.
2. It required less maintenance compared to IC engine.
3. It provide alternative to the fossil fuels.
4. It is Lighter in weight than an internal combustion engine.
5. It provide more efficiency with lesser torque.

DEMERITS OF SOLENOID ENGINE

1. More amount of charge required
2. Can not be used for heavy vehicles
3. More chances of magnetic distortions.
4. Less efficient than current motors.
5. Use batteries wired with higher voltage because
higher voltage electromagnetic are inherently more
efficient.
The prototype is an idea which uses the property of an
Electromagnet by virtue of which it changes the polarity of
its poles whenever the direction of current is changed the
variation in polarity is utilised to attract or repel the
permanent magnet attached to the Piston the uses of relay
and time will they meet the output of the engine by using
an ECE in the engine in State Power can be obtained on
each stroke which will result in increased output also by
inserting more permanent magnets in series or in Piston
will enhance the output of the engine was light
modification in design and by the use of bitter hands in
engines can be modified to generate more power thereby
increasing the efficiency so that it can be used in
commercial vehicles and other applications.
1. www.wikipedia.com
2. www.google.com
3. www.altavista.com
4. www.schoolprojects.com
5. NCERT PHYSICS Book.