Rolling-Contact Bearings

(Rolling-Contact Bearing, Antifriction Bearing, Rolling Bearing)

Nomenclature of a Ball Bearing

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 Various Types of Ball Bearings

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 Pure radial
Pure thrust (axial)
Combined (rad+axial)

Ring Bearings

Thrust Bearings

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 - In a rolling the starting friction is about twice the running
friction, but still it is negligible in comparison with the
starting friction of sleeve bearing. Load, speed, and the
operating viscosity of the lubricant do effect the frictional
characteristics of a rolling bearing.

- Design of Rolling Bearings ia a complicated problem.

Bearing specialists must consider:

Fatique loadind, friction, heat, corrosion resistence, kinematic

problems, material properties, lubrication, machining
tolerances, assembly, use and cost.

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 Types of Cages

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 - Having the tools to find the proper catalog ratings, engineers
need only deal with selection of an appropriate bearing among
the readily manufactured, standard bearings.

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 Magneto Bear.
with one shoulder

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 4. Tapered roller thrust bearings

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 Designation of Rolling Bearings : Bearing designations
clearly identify the bearing and inform about a given
specifications

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 Base Designation:
[Bearing Type] [Dimension Series] [Bore Diameter]
6 - Single row deep groove [width#] [diameter#]
2 – Spherical roller 0 8 00 10mm
3 – Tapered roller 1 9 01 12mm
N – Cylindrical roller 2 0 02 15mm
3 1 03 17mm
4 2 0n n*5mm
5 3
6 4
(Width/ (Outer Dia./
outer Dia.) Bore Dia.)

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 5. BEARING LIFE AND BEARING LOAD CAPACITY

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 Ex: In a test group we have 100 Bearings:
10 will fail at 3 Millions of revolutions
20 will fail at 5 Millions of revolutions
20 will fail at 8 Millions of revolutions
40 will fail at 10 Millions of revolutions
60 will fail at 11 Millions of revolutions
40 will fail at 12 Millions of revolutions
What is the Basic Rating Life L10?

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 Bearing-Life Recommendations for Various of
Classes of Machinery

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 Experiments show that two groups of identical bearings
tested under different load F1 and F2 will have respective
lives according to the relation:
p
L1 ⎛ P2 ⎞
= ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
L2 ⎝ P1 ⎠
Units of L are revolutions
The results of many tests for various kinds of bearings result
in:
p=3 for ball bearings
p=10/3 for roller bearings (cylindrical and tapered roller)

The tested life-failure criterion at different loads are plotted

on a graph using log-log tranformation.

L1 P1p = L2 P2p = constant

Load-life Curve (log-log curve)

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 ( L10 )1 Pr1p = ( L10 ) 2 Prp2 = (1)C p
(Basic rating life 1 million with %90 reliability)
(Basic load rating-catolog load rating C)

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 In Steyr catalog a2 & a3 are combined to give a single
correction factor a23
(a23 combined material & operating conditions factor)

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 P: Equivalent dynamic load (depends on radial (Fr) and
axial (Fa) load on the bearing)

Note: We use CISO in Steyr Catalog

CISO – required standard by ISO
Cmod – Steyr Company specified Cmod > CISO
(They claim that their bearings exceed ISO specs)

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 ν vs. T Graph can be used to find nominal viscosity at 40oC

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 ν Fig. 2
a23 depends on viscosity ratio χ=
ν1
Fig. 3

Ideal Oper. Cond

Normal Op. Cond.

Unfavorable Op. Cond.

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 Combbined Radial and Thrust Loading

Two dimensionless groups can be formed:

Fe/VFr and Fa/VFr

When these two dimensionless groups are plotted the data can be
approximated by two straight-line segments. The e is intersection
of these two curves.
P Fa
=1 when ≤e
VFr VFr
P F Fa
=X+Y a when >e
VFr VFr VFr

P = Fe

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 Figure 2.2/3

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 Maximum permissile axial load of cylindrical roller bearing

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 Static radial & axial load factors given in table 2.3/1 p43

Static Carrying Safety : used only in cases of:

Oscillation, Slow rotation (n<33rpm), Dynamic
loading with schocks

Reference values for S0 are given in Section 2.3.3 on page 44

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 Tandem, O - or X – Arrangements:
X – Arrangements : (direct or face to face mounting)
Used when there is unavoidable shaft bending or housing
misalignments that must be tolerated. Thrust loads are
observed in either direction by one bearing only. Due to the
small support range, characterized by lower rigidity and less
ability to absorb tilting moments

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 O - Arrangements : (indirect or back to back mounting)
Used when a very rigit assembly is required.

Thrust loads are observed in either direction by one bearing

only. High rigitity and a great ability to absorb tilting
moments

Tandem Arrangements : Used when there is extremely high

thrust load in one direction, where high speed and space
limitations prevent the use of single but larger bearings or
simpler arangements. Thrust loads, equally distributed over
both bearing, are observed in one direction only

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 Tape roller bearings ( and angular contact roll bearings)
exert an induced thrust load on the shaft when a pure
radial load is applied. Another bearing which can take
this thrust should be used to counterbalance it.

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 Axial thrust load is taken into account in the life calculation
of the bearing which is effecting the smaller thrust load and
if Fa/Fr>e
FrA FrB

A B
Fa

Induced
thrust loads
FrA FrB

Fa A ΦA ΦB B

Tendency Tendency
to slide left to slide right

Needed thrust to
keep cone in place
FrA FrB

Fa A ΦA ΦB B
Tendency
Tendency
to slide right
to slide left

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 FrA FrB

ΦA Φ A − Fa
A Fa B
Tendency
Tendency
to slide right
to slide left

Assume that ΦA > ΦB

Then bearing cone B will be pushed left with force ΦA
Assume that ΦA > ΦB and also

an axial Force Fa acting right

Φ A − Fa ≥ Φ B or (Fa ≤ Φ A − Φ B )
Then cone B will still be pushed left with force larger than Φ B
Equivalent axial load on B Φ A − Fa = FaB

If we keep increase increasing Fa , Then at some point

Φ A − Fa < Φ B or ( Φ A − Φ B < Fa )
FrA FrB

Φ B + Fa
A ΦB B
Fa Fa
Tendency
Tendency
to slide right
to slide left

Now cone A is pushed right.

Equivalent axial load on A Φ B + Fa = FaA

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 85

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 .

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 Figure 2.2/3

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 A B
FaA=1.2kN

FrA=4.2kN FrB=3.0kN

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