Supporting lecturer :
The following basic requirements are laid down for the building glues used in
wooden structures; the strength of the glue line for shear and fracture across the grain
must be higher than that of the timber and the glue line must have adequate stability
even under variable conditions of heat and humidity.
For structural timbers the fully water-resistant and bacteria-resistant
phenolformaldehyde glue are used :
(1) KƂ-3 Glue, consisting of phenolformaldehyde resin Ƃ (100 parts by
weight). And the hardener – The Petrov kerosene hardener (15-25 parts by
weight depending on the acid number of the hardener and the air
temperature in the workshop), or
(2) C∏-2 Glue, consisting of the phenolformaldehyde resin C∏-2 (100 parts
by weight) and hardener – The Petrov kerosene hardener (30-40 parts by
weight). Glues are prepared immediately before use, as their usable life
doesn’t exceed 3 hours.
Workshops in which phenolformaldehyde glues are used must be equipped with
extraction plant, as the phenolic vapours are poisonous, after curing the glue is
harmless.
Water resistant glue as described above are essential for structural timbers. It is
only for furniture, internal doors and other details not liable to damping service
conditions that the medium moisture-resistant glues be recommended: the urea-
formal-dehyde (K-17); the casein-cement (Kц) and the casein glues. Timber
structures glued with medium water-resistant glue must be protected against short-
term occasional damping by applying water resistant paints, varnish and so on.
The components must be glued together under a pressure of 3-5 kg per square
centimeter of the glue line. The press time under this pressure, depending on the
shape of the component (straight or curved) and the temperature of the workshop,
varies between 4 and 24 hours. Once this pressure is reached it should not be relaxed
until the curing process has come to an end.
The pressure necessary for the tight jointing of the components can be provided
by special presses or clamps, screwed up to the required pressure by electric nut-
setters.