EMULSION
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are
normally immiscible . Emulsions are part of a more general
class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids. Although
the terms colloid and emulsion are sometimes used
interchangeably, emulsion should be used when both phases,
dispersed and continuous, are liquids. In an emulsion, one liquid
(the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the
continuous phase). Examples of emulsions include vinaigrettes,
homogenized milk, mayonnaise, and some cutting
fluids for metal working.
The word "emulsion" comes from the Latin word for "to milk",
as milk is an emulsion of fat and water, along with other
components.
TYPES OF EMULSIONS
Depending upon the nature of the dispersed phase, the
emulsions are classified as:
EMULSYGYING AGENTS
“Emulsifying agents are substances that are soluble in both
fat and water and enable fat to be uniformly dispersed in
water as an emulsion. Foods that consist of such emulsions
include butter, margarine, salad dressings, mayonnaise and ice
cream. Stabilizers maintain emulsions in a stable form.
Emulsifying agents are also used in baking to aid the smooth
incorporation of fat into the dough and to keep the
crumb soft.”
emulsion.
DEMULSIFICATION
Demulsification is the process of separation of a emulsion into
its constituent liquids. The different techniques applied for
demulsification are centrifugation, freezing, boiling,
electrostatic precipitation etc. various chemical method are
employed which destroy the emulsifying agents.
Non-biodegradable detergents
The detergents which are not decomposed buy bacteria are
called non-biodegradable detergents.
DETERGENTS AS AN EMULSIFIER
Detergents are the substances that can act in the removal of
the dirt. Detergent mainly act on the oily films that trap dirt
particle. Detergents are long chain molecules molecules of
sodium N-dodecyl benzene sulphate and sodium N
dodecylsulphates. The detergent have a hydrocarbon portion
soluble in oil and an ionic portion soluble in water.
Procedure
In a test-tube take 5 ml of oil and water
Add 5 to 6 drops of emulsifying Agent solution
Shake it well (10-12 time for uniformity) and start the
stopwatch
Stop the stopwatch after the separation of oil in water
become Static and note the time of separation
Repeat the process for other oils.
OBSERVATIONS:-
Ghee
0:28 0:47 3:32 0:51 0:56 1:18
Butter
0:32 0:39 1:00 0:35 0:37 0:42
Petrol
0:12 0:25 1:46 0:23 0:24 0:15
Precaution
Avoid the mixing of emulsifying agents.
Test should be perform at room temperature
Accuracy of the stopwatch should be maintained
Result
Among all the detergent which we tested with different oil
samples “TIDE” was found to have the best emulsifying
power therefore it is best suited for washing.
Biblography