CHAPTER A 34

'
rJ:
:!;:
KINDS OF PHRASES
WHAT IS A PHRASE?
Fl{-<l qT qftrln Csl{ q$ q{ttrT phrase str$ <rq st ffin< CEC{.R r

u$e q1l6{ phrase q< 1RET s..g Fe$$ gF sKt q[< I (qRs ET+cu 6q phrases
and clauses q$l{ cT<l t) '
Phrase q6flI Et <l E[Efio "iqeE' {l Tlq .c-sB part of speech q< IE <R-sj
<I{dE{g Ic'T{ s

I
t'aitt
l is good for health. (E{ E-{i 9e r)
<m66o MilkeFl subject. qfr"tc{< estr {Iq.fE q<( qF qoF+rq subject
ftqtr{ <l-r$i (t{q-s CrTrS r ft-q cR <ffirs Milk q< qt-{r1* Drinking some
milk regularly T{Ifq qE {<srET word t ,!<,T6 & <lfsist subject
Rd6q sfgi
T3lf< r

G:l;I 3 Drinking som" *ilk r"gularly is good for health.

(ffis ftRE{ {F s<t firqj.-< orcm vro r)
€r$TE qR fieqr+
{6{ phrase. EI{CE TEI <l{_
{Et
A.phrase is a group of wbrds wtrici, is .r".d ." a single part
speech in a sentence_ of
(Phrase {Cil S-s-$ef{l -R-qn q{E {t ffi{ <n+i
e4,E \l-€ part of speech
q{ IE <I{{'s ET t)

oF PF'RASES
phrase
1. Noun phrase
ffiinh' * #-lil??
2. Adjective phrase
3. Verbal phrase.
4. Adverbial phrase
5. Prepositional phrase
6. Conjunctional phrase
7. Interjectional phrase.
ffi qrqlu{Er €rR{ a-flR qtcrt q.1$rfl *,T{ <t{ 6{
noun phrase .q:F'B noun €R S1g T-C{ r
624 A Passage to the English Language
adjective phrase€SF 6djsqliye €K SIQ FR t

verbal phrase qTfr verb 4:{ FfsT +Gt I

adverbial phrase qSE adverb q{ AFi sfd I

prepositional phrase €TF preposition-4K Afq S'C{ I

conjunctional phrase ,S$'fr conjunction-€i S'lq F-6{ I

interjectional phrase €$fr inlslisgtion-4R Ffq F6{ |

f{srfuo qrFflFII s
1. Noun phrases
cR tf< phrase E'[s[ noun q< a-M fi-fe qg r q<l cs'F sentence-€ verb €K
subject, object, trl complement S'['f geFII preposition €i object T'Cel <F$5
qsi
I Subject Sc"i c
To take physical exercise in the morning daily is good for health.
S
The reading of newspapers is a good habit.
S
Swimming in the river is dangerous.
)
To walk in the rnorning is a good exercise.
)
To rise early is a good habit (qellq;.
S
His coming here is uncertain.
S
(u-{ q?ttr+ vt$< <lt<bt qfifus r)
The news of his havinq a good neighbour pleases me.
S
(vk .fsq{ qEI elffil ?tfsl{ q({q$${-$ qqfts T54 1;

Only defining a phrase will not be enough; You must know how to
use it in a sentence. (e{qfq qFE Phrase -4"n c(G] cq{ft IIIq? qt-{ fi; (qIl]rs
ql{F qr{ ftrrllc< strc {R-sj <K{< s?rCE qr{ t)
I Verb s;t Object Rrryrs s
I know the ins and outs of it. ffi,.m tfi*tBq-<qtfr)
VO
I enjoy walking by thqriverside. ffi {ft frm< eqq Btretrt eR r)
VO
The man gave him food and clothing.
---_ \-
 Grammar : Kinds of Phrases 625

If like to lish in the river.

V--C
She wanted to have a cup of tea
\/ C
E"fm< e&E <-f,$I verb q.?{ {,tK< rr<tr-{ S<t esF flS object Rmr< nr+qv
EM(Q I

I Subject.{-{ Complem.nl ftCTC{ 3 The ass is a beast of burden.

C
('i1$sK<R "la r)
€rllc{ the ass : beast of burden. strdF{ q$tr*{ qR Tm'{ v<qtr-g 1c.c-
q$Q frR-c'Co ffit +c< r ,{q u'lr{-{ qs'l qffil complement. (Part of the
sentence-q{IfGl compiernent :ITtrfr flR',{t{ {t("fi CqTt qc$rq | flrTM{ C{fC(
cry{ftq c?R-s q-€<ln 'r(.€ 4l€ t)
Rahim seems to be a tl:-ief. (Kfurs {sfd of< <'C{ w{ qT l)

He is a full-time *ortnl
I am not
---a part tinE workgr.
Mr. Imran Khan was the man of the match.
C
I Preposition €d ObjectRc"I 3 fr[D-{<lsisrqKs preposition qrqF R[6
prep. f{rll qlcq ! qar{} vlr{ {ssr{t word €K fro o 6{l qre cqqrEt q_{8
.ftF .{SF phrase Ffi 4f,T(q {.| preposition €K object fiI{ <f{"qs qC{CR I

He came wlth one of hr'flgldt

prep" O
(6{ vK T'Srq-{ {qt calrs qs-q-{cs fics qfiRE r)
This prize ir lor_ the best boy sf the class
prep.' O
We could not see hin-r at * the time of his arrival.
prep. O
(qF llificf{ q:B' w{-<t sfrs cq'{F {qfi r)
We stood for some time on the trembling tree.
prep. O
(stv<t F*irr* *efrr S"r* ftqq1q qr ngqn r)

2. Adjective phrases
2. Adjective phrases , qR tK phrase {lrsl <f<-'q\5 {C{ adjective-t{?
E\5 q$
GFF noun, pronoun, ?[1 noun phrase-(T 6qlq, gcl, qTqt, ?{fi?i ffi
ersH F13 I R5l4 3
The girl in white is my sister. ({l"if c'ff'fl-s "iRfu mcgtr qTK c<lq l)
.bi
APTEL_40
626 A passage to the English Language
qel[:{ in white qd qrfl '!lEl calI.fis 9lRfu" el fieq {trfl adjective
phrase. Tl{"l .cF girl noun f< bF{q'elsFt Frrcq r

The fox without a tail called a meeting.

---
(ciurRQ{ Fffi"bi,c+F fiFq qT-{ r)
The man with the dog came here. (T-f:qtf 6ffi a{r,{ qrcRE l)
--- "di -
Lenin was a leader second to none.

(ffiRqRrn{ e-$nnqfrqr 6* ,i
({lC't second to none : sfrqT {I Lenin Trrrs c{-sk h{fi?j eKr.f
o{cq r

A thing of bgauty is a joy for ever. (Tq< &fi-{ 6<frF< q-{l qf{-{qR-s r)
adj.
€{16{ of beauty = Beautiful = Wn; {q{tq qF qm qsF adjective
phrase. (Tffifs qslr{ 6qrlt C{v; A beautiful thing is a joy for eunr. ftE
srl{ beautiful c+ e1 adjective rEIl w, adjective phrase <EIl qo TI, TFcl qfr
qc-qt q+Eqm.rq r)

The water of the pond in front of our house is turbid (CSl"tl) .

adj.
The boy playing with the toy is my brother.
adj.
(cffit frcs crlqws <T{sF qnls sF r)
4rfl6{ playing with the toy q64 adjective phrase.
qF qFrsF cffi '9cqF' qrq EI eFFFi F<te
I

3. Verbal phrases
3. Verbal phrases : sF Rl .-{-sfi-$ word slrq firq Sq{ ,{aF verb e3I
qe fiq SfS vfi Eff,s ECal verba! phrase. 6q$l :
Sh" logk"g gt the mcon.
v.
We looked for (ctm m) a smart (ub{b) boy.
v
Mina looks after (ffi"lla{i s-fl) her goats.
v
Do on (4R$q€t) your shirt.

He gave up (slltf 4.-tr1) smoking.

€A ef€T phrase-€I4lCT gFtF[, group verb € fil Rs r
 Grammar : Kinds of Phrases 627

4. Adverbial Phrases
4. Adverbial Phrases : eE {{6{< phrase el-{l adverb q< s'M SI{ I

{r{qIP E adverb ft ofq Tlilt Adverb '?sle[lT?", 'h?Fl?", 'ft-otr<1" qAtK

sq<Eg< cq-T I c{:FI s
He beat the dog rudely 66{q({).
adv.
<fsiFts rudely {c{l adverb. sK"t .cfr "ft-qr{" fu c-H {cql-:t T{e t

ft9 A ,ssF$q word €it Q[4 black ancl blue rRelqrs <qftat gls fr+ q{ff"l
rKd adverb q< Fl-q F[it I RtFt 3
He beat the dog black and blue .
adv.
You tried heart and soul (T6{ aft{) to succecd in the examination.
ad*
He left the village for ever or for good (Ffs({).

"d*
The two sisters sat side by side
"d*
('tl'tt{R) under the tree.
adv'
We ran with a high speed (Bo{ftcs)
"q*
The boy is in the street.
d*
Heleft the town onceforall (G-trsr{).
adv.

5. Prepositional Phrases
5. Frepositional Phrases c @ {{64"< phrase QI4l preposition €K 4ls
scT alrs I

There is a garden before my house.

<T-fJF[t- before qlc{ qcE] '?.l!rq" r efr qaF preposition. fu e< "ifu
in {ront of fr <raqf< o-*t go r

-phrase
There is a garden in front of my house.
prep.
Eftr <Ett {ls C{ in front of phrasefr qsG prepositional phrase. Ffl"t qF
4trF preposition 431 sl6i $r{Cq I qe[6{ qRs srT-{F Eq'Rnq qE] s-n s
He worked in the teeth of all dangers.
prep.
I could not go to school on account of (= for) illness.
prep.
The boy shouted at the top of his voice.
prep'
 628 A Passage to the English Language

NOTE : E"l(<< frSA <n-q in front of RC{'f prepositional phrase, $.RGI

.qF garden 4l( my house €-?t {C{t qq-d qlefi S-f6q r frq in front of my
house CS €S-GT <lrrq (C$ adverbial phrase <E|Cs q5q $'kq qt X1"f W<tF
"fSlqfl'Al" EJFi E-gT frC{ garden qelr{ in the teeth of <fre
6f modify S-SCq I
prepositional phrase v{s in the teeth of all dangers <E Wf VtTB--g q6a
adverbial phrase. wrf( <l-{l {l{t, prepositional phrase sc{l Ellfr-< object :t{
eEs "l1S adverbial phrase qd flq FC{ I

6. Conjunctional phrases
6. Conjunctional Phrases s €E fi'Flit phrase tsIEII conjunction 4il
$1'qs-K I c{'sFI3
He helped me.
His brother helped me,
El+f qFroItrs-{<qqf not only.".... bui also .li phrasefrrs<l{qt<sRT
slT a

Not only he but also his brother helped me.

(e{ 6{ TT, q{ qt€ qElca cRtsi Fr<R{ i)
965'c^51ft clause 6ff qsft ERsl< :l.c<l' {s TITcq 6{W* not only ... but
also ff conjunctional phrase
"FfCs
qC{ I

Biva as well as Eva has come.

...f
<l$ilE15o as well as = and q1 q6F conjunction q< 35lgi 35-CTfq I

No sooner had we reached home than it began to rain.

- *ni *nf
(slr-<t <& cftqrort c{qr-rct3E e+ qqly
He talks as if,/as though (C{;{) he were mad.
cpnf-
(m qr{-str{FEI<Fr csq, fr "ll'lq t)
7. Interjectional Phrases
7. Interjectional Phrases s SE $i-({it phrase a(T[ interjection €F Xs
I'6{-{ \{l$ftq-S qrr{{ er€H 4Gr I c$FI S

What g Riiyl (ft qccrl< Felt!) you have failed.

inter.
Good heavens! What does he say?
- inter. --
By Godt ("tr<< ffiffi!) I wiil kill him.
interj.
€slC{ Good gracious! Good God! ,4eCql qr{I interjectional phrase.
 Grammar : Kinds of Phrases 629

SOME IMPORTANT NOTES

0 ftrr-{{ffi q9
_-!-_-o-
We enjoy doing this work. (q'qg1 q-{lq sr* ql-{a 'ilq l)

<Isiftq doing this *ot1 RC{l .qsF noun phrase, TR"i qtr enjoy verb
F{ object Rcc6< <I{qs qc-{cq I qFil ft enjoy <sRr qf:Rfl enjoy oR "doing
this work"-4Q {a"f frfr{F I {E{ti qtr Ec{t object 4-{( €9;[I noun phrase'
*,i.ffu frEfrcu<<tolfr "tv e

The man doing this work is my father.

'.*i;
----=di
<t-sIFF doing this *ork q6{i adjective phrase. Fl-<q qtr man rfqfrrs
modify +<da; 9< w<{ ef$H q{R r qdts'@tsF ft qrqF
qt"cqr"--€fiF o-<rq
\d< B-st< Tqt {tl c{ doing this work" <I @ +tsF o-gcq r

€916<l Taking exercise'is good for health.

S

<tTltrcs Taking exercise GfrCrl{ subject c{raq qfr qTF noun phrase.
ftE,
The boy tukiry:lggSg is mY brother.
adj.
{lTltr[o taking exercise qcql qTE adjective phrase, s1.<trq €fr boy noun
frr+ modify s-{'cq; q{sE.l-{q{EIefsHT<R I

(ii) The pond in front of my house is very old.

adj.
(qi:n< <tG< qTq
tS-<F wsls t<rqt r)
<l4fBrc in front of my house qrfl qatr adjeciive phrase, F.R"f qfr
pond noun Frs modify o-acn rft-q
The pond in fror-rt o{ my house is very old.
prep.
{f$IF65 in front of 6s qr{lEfslr{ frcTDTl F-{rE qF €$F prepositional
phrase, of<"i, q+F my house €(( pond q< {c{I q-i{q14* o-<fn r

ln
9FtK, The tree stands front of our house <F$IFF in front of RI4l
prep.
€68 prepositional phrase ftQ,
The tree stands in front of our house
adv.
<I$ifts in front o{ our house c+ qTE phrase fuircq tr<6{ efrr$ T{-cs
(6{ adverbial phrase. oF{ .cfr "colqffgl" €f'Jtr{ V€K cq-ffit {{i frcfi stands
verb frrs modify $TCQ i

(iii) Even a man in the street has some money.

.qx-{ft qsF lrq< t'rTc{<t v frq Etot ctlr+ r;

630 A Passage to the English Language
<Fryfts a man in the street {C{l subject. Tt{"t {fr Et S<l R.T 'who' has
some money?-ElqrE E-€< frc9 gl "a man in the street" has some money.
EfqFI man in the street QC{l <f$ftr{ subject. VRI subject <rqt qfr <Sl qSE
noun phrase. laq
Even a man in the street has some money.
--=il-
<lAtE65 in the street CS q-SF phrase {316{'EI {S adjective phrase. Slitcl
cfr EKf man-(?T q-<-{ {<lTrq I qRR
The man is in the street
--=dv-
<ffi'c{FTg in the street Ec={t .cTF adverbial phrase Tl "c+telRl" qSF-{
trsrfuBE I

sl{t-{ Cq-r[ IfcQ' 6{ qsF phrase noun, adjective ffi* qcq] cfl{F{ Ttq
+;ll"t 81fr-6 +r< phrase fr fr-slc{ <l<qrc <il g< E"r< r

A USEFUL DISPI.AY
(qsFeLRIqfuqq,fi)
(i) <lc$l< 6ffi1fr, qrdr vd q5p5"p6 sa-q
Ifr, $-ffi Bcq_c-R,
qrT1E-{C<ft{ 6sFt adjective 4K TTCaT adjective phrase
fti<t e< <q6q mf{
adjective <KSK <i<l TFfilr< q$F "VcEt El mF[ str{ r

Adjecttve Acljective Phrase

1. I am helpless (qCCF). 1. I am without any help.
2. This American machine is 2. This machine made in
good. America is good
3. This rich man is benevolent 3. This man having riches is
(q3lq). benevolent.
4. Your kind (Irr-{) act is 4. Your act of kindness is worthy
praiseworthy H{({fu). of praise.
5. That lazy man will never 5. That man indulging in
succeed. laziness will never succeed.
(ii) qcsfq;l{E adverb q< <qldt adverb phrase Rl adverb phrase
q{<htsl adverb <t€F $-fi <lS r C{'{{ e
Adverb Adverbial Phrase
1. He came then. 1. He came at that time.
2. He behaved with me rudely 2. He behaved with me in a
6h1qc ). rude manner.
3. I'll come back soon. 3. I'll come back in no time.
4. He did it neatly (ffiq-\rlc<) 4. He did it with neatness.
5. We ran speedily" 5. We ran with speed.
6. Do ii hurriedlv (s&'@) 6. Do it in a hurry.
 Grammar : Kinds of Phrases 631

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Question-l. The girl in blue is my sister-KTCf,i in blue phrase fr
6$H phrase? The girl in blue is my sister-4 The girl in blue-phrase fr CO1I
phrase? 6fi{l
Answer : The girl in blue is my sister-Kl6{li in blue {6{l adjective
q< !nT{ elslrl<'i-cR
phrase. sl-<q, qF the girl C$ modify s-{6q, qdlq, girl t

tFlS[ct
The girl in blue is my sister-€ the girt in blue {cail noun phrase,
@ "e-$
q$F <TaltrF subject Rrqr< <i<qs qcilcq I

;J::'
Question-2 : The girl walking along the street is in class X-{-rsl
q1=13t {Tt <lf$l the girl
walking along the street-phrase fr C+tl phrase ?
1.,

walking along the street-phrase fr Cotl phrase? 6{El

Answer : €"lIC{ walking along the tit"si qfql adjeciive phrase,
zFFGl,

€E girl nounF< q{t el-+H e<cs t

qqR'l[s The girl walking along the street-4i I-$ vt-tF <f$TFts
qEI CcEl noun phrase.
subject Rwc< <r<qs WTCQ <6{
Question-3 : I could not go to school due to (sl<t"t) illness-
<|-+jtrco due to 6al1q.fft{ phrase? Sq'Riq frffi {a[.e r

Answer : <lq;-Jfr6-45 ,43.FI 35-6tr ffi111 {l{ 3 I could not go to school for
q< <qFI due to {f{ds
illness. €{K{ for {Cfll 4SF preposition. {E€ 4lCsI for
rfqqrq
<mcq;vdts due to .{T'F preposition €K Ffq TC{cq r frE due to
qf+-{ qk$ word 9I6R <[E qF ,CSfr phrase. viRr{ due to {f{l prepositional
phrase.
Question-4:Donotlookdownuponthepoor?llGFTlookdown
upon C€l{ Elft{ phrase? C<{?
Answer : <I=FIFF look down upon TK{ Er{.| '1"11s-<1" <l 631s' sF{c{
fi-{l {f6q 5q look down upon q? ffi word €<'6q €<'F Xte verb, hate€<
EE sl-q 4{-6Q. W<l( sfr Sc{.l verb phrase.
I
Question-S : He will come back on the 15th of this month
<fsi,mF on the 15th of this month 6€1l 91qT phrase?
q<'fr uR< n<rfce
Answers : <l<slfr[s on the 15th of this month cK t

"when?" <I s"l4?" eiT{ B-€< C{ word ca|rs {l€{l {Tx stf+ 4"6q sdvg$' W<t(
phrase F s$F adverbial phrase.
qlq{
Question-6 : He has gone to school.-{GFI to school C$FI
phrase?
'-'-- ftm qrfr
A."*., : €l phrase fr where?" <l coteflRl" 'lqF< E-g< <cq
RL-{l adverbial phrase.
Question-7 : Hardly had we reached home than the sun set
fqrqJ <rru ctqrr- sl cffi {( W c'l{ r) <lro conjunction
phrase c+tqfrr
Answer : <fslfrF conjunction phrase Ec-qt hardly had """ than'