Proposal Synthesis Matrix Analysis of Literature

Last Name: ____Shah___________________________ First Name: ___Rahi_________________ Period: _1___

Overarching question:​ How does ethnicity relate with a pediatric patient's risk of developing obesity?

Key Terms (list and define in the space below)

Body Mass Index (BMI): The person’s weight (kg) divided by their height (m) squared. It is a tool used to look at changes in body

weight. BMI’s of 19-24 are considered normal levels.

Obesity: Overweight and high height-weight relationship. Obesity is excessive amounts of fat on the body with a body mass index of

20 kg/m^2 or higher. For children, it is measured by percentile, and being above the 85th percentile is considered obese.

Pediatric: A child under the age of 18 years of age is classified as a pediatric patient.

Quality of Life (QoL): A form of measurement used to assess the impact that health has on things such as life expectancy and way of

living, as well as possible causes of death.

Socioeconomic Status (SES): A family’s relative income and status based on the job and education levels within the family compared

to others.

Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): A set of guidelines put in place for peer-reviewed

journals to be in the PLOS Medicine database

 Synthesis Matrix Analysis of Literature

Foundational Sub Problem 1: How is obesity measured and what is considered obese?

APA Purpose Framework Sample Design Variables/ Results Controversies, Assumptions Implications
format instruments disagreements , Limitations for practice,
reference Overarching Hypothesis/ with other and research,
Question Objective How the Validity How the authors Delimitation theory
data was and hypothesis was s
collected? Reliability supported/rejected You will add a
list of authors
Conclusion and referenced in
further studies this section on
a separate
page
What are “We are 38,064 Citizens This study The higher BMIs No competing The sample Implications
Conway, some of the conducting people across the was not had a direct interests is not for practice
B. N., racial prospective 12 reliable in correlation with exists. representativ or further
Han, X., differences research 24,00 southern terms of the incident of e of the research is
Munro, in diabetic within a Africa states generalizin diabetes. (2) general to get more
H. M., and obese diverse n (Alabama g data for Diabetes population of accurate
Gross, A. patients? cohort of Americ , an entire incidence was the 12 states, data for the
L., Shu, adults, an Arkansas, population more than twice as it only entire
X.-O., (2) many of Florida, of the as high among used data southern
Hargreav low SES, 14,064 Georgia, United blacks than whites from Whites population
es, M. who are Whites Kentucky States of normal BMI. and African if not the
K., residents , because the There was little Americans, entire
...Blot, across a (1) Louisiana data was difference and not any United
W. J. broad , centralized between age and other race. States of
(2018). southern Mississip to the sex compared to The study America.
The area of the pi, North southern race when looking also relied on
obesity United Carolina, states. self reported
epidemic States South Also, it at increased signs updates on
and overlappin Carolina, lack of diabetes. diabetes,
rising g with the Tennesse construct which could
diabetes obesity e, validity lead to
incidenc belt” Virginia, because the skewed data.
e in a and West test does
low-inco (2) Virginia) not (14)
me The measure
racially enrollees what it was
diverse complete designed
southern da to-mostly
US questionn because of
cohort. aire, via limitations
PLoS personal to the
ONE, interview sample
13​(1), at CHCs, size.
1-14. with
doi: detailed
10.1371/j informati
ournal.po on on
ne.01909 demograp
93 hic,
socioecon
omic,
personal
and
family
medical
history,
and
lifestyle
choices
such as
tobacco
and
alcohol
use and
diet. This
went on
for a
period of
ten years,
and
following
the 10
years, all
surviving
participan
ts are
periodical
ly
sent
follow-up
questionn
aires
every
four years
to update
the data.
“In the
baseline
questionn
aire at
cohort
entry,
responden
ts were
asked,
“Has a
doctor
ever
told you
that you
have had,
or have
you been
treated
for,
diabetes
or high
blood
sugar (not
during
pregnanc
y)?” In
the first
and
second
follow-up
questionn
aires,
responden
ts were
asked,
“After
joining
this study,
have you
been
diagnosed
with
diabetes/h
igh blood
sugar?”
Those
answering
“yes”
were then
asked,
“Are you
currently
taking
medicatio
n to
control
your
diabetes?
”
“For the
study of
incident
diabetes
herein,
we
restricted
analyses
to those
 cohort
members
who
complete
d the first
follow-up
questionn
aire and
did not
report
diabetes
at cohort
entry.”

(2-4)
Teder, Can lifestyle examine The An “To ensure “Eating habits had Previous One A possible
M., habits and the lifestyle sample observati validity, improved after 3 studies have limitation is implication
Morelius making habits of size onal when the months of starting indicated that the for this
, E., necessary obese was 61 single-gro interviewer the Family-based cohesion and single-group study is
Nordwall changes to it children childre up design was behavioral agreement design, family
, M., affect the during a n along was used hesitant intervention within because it is based
Bolme, BMI change 2-year with a for a about program. The families not possible intervention
P., in a child? Family-bas parent process which children's reports during family to distinguish programs.
Ekberg, ed for evaluatio response indicated that the therapy is between Parents are
J., Behavioura each n study. alternative time they spent on beneficial FBIP at the top of
Wilhelm, l child. The study to choose, general physical with regard to effects and influencers
E., & Interventio was the activity (e.g. achieving normal on a child’s
Timpka, n Program (1) planned tentative playing, walking treatment cognitive and health, and
T. and seeing and choice was and cycling) had goals. In this behavioural this study
(2013). if there is a reported read back increased after study, no maturation in showed how
Family- correlation according to the both 3 statistically development a parent’s
Based between respondent significant in childhood. support
Behavio that and to the to provide and 24 months association Also, during the
ural body mass STROBE an compared with between because the study can
Intervent index guidelines opportunity baseline. After the concordance construct benefit the
ion change . to correct end of the between validity was child.
Program during the Measures the intervention children's and not fully
for obese time of the used for category.” program, overall parents' analyzed,
children: study. analyses Also, the every child and reports and there could
an of the construct parent agreed that reduction of have been a
observati (1) interventi validity of the physical BMI were shift in the
onal on the items activity levels had observed. validity of
study of program was not improved. No the results.
child and were formally statistically (3)
parent child and analyzed. significant (4)
lifestyle parental correlations
interpret reports of between change in
ations. the child's (3) agreement and
PLoS lifestyle change in BMI
ONE, habits. between
8​(8), 1-4. There 0 and at 36
doi: were months were
10.1371/j structured observed.
ournal.po interview
ne.00714 s to assess (3)
82 sleeping,
eating,
and
lifestyle
habits,
with child
and
parent
interview
 ed
separately
.

(1-2)
Frontini, What is the Determine The “Children The “Mothers of “The authors “A This is an
R., effect of if parenting sample with independen adolescents declare that longitudinal important
Moreira, parenting styles and consist obesity t variable with obesity also they have no study was study that
H., & stress on stress have ed of and their in this reported higher conflict needed needs future
Canavarr obesity in an effect on 223 mothers study was levels of use of of interest.” instead of a implications
o, M. children? the health childre were parenting the permissive cross-section because
(2016). and obesity n. recruited style. The parenting styles (1021) al case study. parenting
Parentin of a child. between dependent than mothers of Also, the techniques
g stress February variable in adolescents with clinical affect health
and 2012 and this study healthy weight. sample was rates in
quality February was the We also found comprised of children. In
of life in 2014. obesity that children with children order to
pediatric Participan level in the obesity reported attending keep
obesity: ts children. lower levels of appointments children
The complete QoL than children with the healthy, it is
mediatin d the with a healthy purpose to now
g role of self-repor weight. Mothers lose weight. important to
parenting t of children with This results monitor
styles. questionn obesity presented to making a parenting
Journal aires in a higher levels of generalizatio styles to
Of Child consultati parenting stress n of the find the best
& on office than parents with whole type. There
Family provided healthy weight population are other
Studies, for this children.” with obesity implications
25​(3), purpose. not possible. for practice,
1011-10 A (1018-1019) The two such as a
23. convenien measurement family
doi:10.10 ce sample s (height and approach to
07/s1082 of weight) were clinical care
6-015-02 children not collected and
79-3 with a in the same receiving
healthy manner, psychologic
weight leading to al support.
and no possible
medical skew of
condition data.”
s and
their (1020-1021)
mothers
was also
recruited
in
Portugues
e regular
public
schools.
Parenting
stress and
styles
were
measured
and
compared
to the
child’s
height
and
weight, as
well as
 school
grades.”

(1014)

Koning, How do the “The Data “Anthrop There was “We investigated “The authors “Even “Social
M., de children’s objective is from ometric no set differences by declare that though the desirability
Jong, A., and parent’s to explore the measurem independen gender, ethnicity they have no participation and
de Jong, views on the the level of ChecK ents were t variable and competing rates were recall bias
E., child’s agreement id performe or socioeconomic interests.” very high, would be
Visscher, health relate between Study d during 3 dependent status (SES), and children best
T. L. S., to each parents and in weeks in variable we found a (10) from families demonstrate
Seidell, other? child 2012 October because no statistically with low and d in a
J. C., & reports of and tests were significant middle SES validation
Renders, regarding childre Novembe performed, difference were study
C. M. certain n aged r 2012. but one between girls and underreprese comparing
(2018). health 4 to 12 Informati independen boys for the nted- child and
Agreeme related years on t variable frequency implying parent
nt behaviours, from on would be of outside play; possible self-reports
between and the children’s the compared to boys, selection with more
parent whether city of health activities girls more bias. Also, objective
and child there are Zwolle related and time often reported a instead of measures of
report of differences in the behaviour spent on greater frequency measuring physical
physical in Netherl s was them while of outside play every day of activity and
activity, agreement ands. obtained the than the week, food intake
sedentar between by dependent their parents. A only data which in
y and parents and (2) parental variables statistically from school turn can
dietary child and are the significant effect days was help
behaviou reports children’s answers to of SES was measured. identify
rs in in questionn the survey found for the Another factors of
9-12-yea healthy-wei aires, and from both frequency of limitation is obesity and
r-old ght children’s the arbitrary
children children height the parent outside play; cut-offs for help control
and and and and child. compared to the strengths rates.”
associati overweight weight children of lower of
ons with children.” were SES, children of agreement.” ( 9)
children' measured. high SES were
s weight (2) The level more (9)
status. of likely to report a
BMC agreemen higher frequency
Psycholo t between of outside play
gy, 6(​ 1). parent than
doi:10.11 and their parents. In
86/s4035 children our study,
9-018-02 reports children more
27-2 with often reported less
respect to healthy and
five unhealthy
important behaviours
health than parents did,
related especially for the
behaviour variable
s: duration of
breakfast TV/DVD viewing
consumpt for which most
ion; children reported
family less than their
dinner; parents. The
outside present study also
play; shows high
means of percentages of
transporta children and
tion to parents reporting
school
and the same
TV/DVD behaviour for
viewing. both breakfast
Children’ consumption and
s weight family dinner.
status and There can be
the considerable
reporting disagreement
categories between the
were behaviours of
explored children reported
using by parents
multinom and children
ial themselves and
logistic weight of the
regression child may be a
analysis. factor.”
First,
crude (5-6,8-9)
analyses
were
performe
d.
Second,
adjusted
analyses
were
carried
out,
controllin
g for
potential
 confoundi
ng effects
of
gender,
SES and
ethnicity,
weight
status and
age of
the
parent.”

(2-5)

Surani, Is using a To 141 A This study “This study has “The authors Only 1 Implications
S. R., multiple determine kinder questionn is only shown that early declare that school was for further
Hesselba choice if baseline garten aire was useful for grade school they have no used in the research
cher, S., questionnair information and developed kindergarte children are competing sample, includes
Surani, e and about first to assess ners and able to utilize the interests” leaving very having a
Z., electronic health grade baseline first electronic little room broader
Mokhasi, response habits from student knowledg graders at response (8) for any type sample size
M., system a children in s in e of the school, system to answer of so
Surani, good way to kindergarte Corpus kindergart therefore multiple-choice generalizatio generalizati
S. S., obtain n and first Christi, eners and lacking in questions. n to be made. ons about
Guardiol information grade could TX first universalit Also, the Also because the
a, J., on a child’s be reliably graders y. The responses to the the same test population
...Surani, obesity rate? gathered (2) at an independen multiple choice was given can be
S. S. using a elementar t variable questions out 4 times, made. This
(2018). simple y school in this is were consistent on there is no study is
Develop multiple-ch in Corpus the test that retesting and way to important,
ment and oice Christi, was measure if especially
validatio questionnai Texas. administere appear to gain in for younger
n of a re and an The first d and the sufficiently knowledge children so
tool to electronic 5 items knowledge assess the or just more data
assess response queried the child children’s practice led can be
knowled system. non-speci had prior to knowledge of to higher collected on
ge of fic, taking it healthy habits grades. health
healthy age-appro and the and basic diabetes education
lifestyles priate dependent information. The (8) for children.
in early knowledg variable is questionnaire
grade e to allow the scores reliably assesses
school for on the the knowledge
children. validation tests. of 5–6-year-old
BMC of the children on
Research electronic healthy lifestyles
Notes, answering and
11​(1). system. the basic
doi: The understanding of
10.1186/ remaining diabetes.
s13104-0 27 items
18-3332- covered (5-6, 8)
7 healthy
food
choices,
exercise
and basic
diabetes
knowledg
e. The
same test
was given
5 days
later with
no
interventi
on
between.
The
kindergart
en test
was then
revised
and given
back to
the same
class to
complete.
The new
revised
test was
again
administe
red 5 days
later.

(2-3)
 Synthesis Matrix Analysis of Literature

Foundational Sub Problem 2: How does nationality and public policy in countries of origin affect obesity rates?

Dr. Berkemeier and I had a discussion about this subproblem and came to the conclusion that it is okay if not all articles are scientific
studies. Hence, not all boxes will be used for this subproblem.

APA Purpose Framework Sample Design Variables/ Results Controversies, Assumptions, Implications
format instruments disagreements Limitations for practice,
reference Overarching Hypothesis/ How the with other and research,
Question Objective How the Validity hypothesis was authors Delimitations theory
data was and supported/rejected
collected? Reliability You will add a
Conclusion and list of authors
further studies referenced in
this section on
a separate
page
Vaudrin, What is the “To “4 “A The “Most of the No No “The
N., impact of evaluate urban, longitudin Healthy, schools were controversies limitations HHFKA-str
Lloyd, the 2010 National low-in al Hunger-Fre elementary were listed in were listed, engthened
K., Healthy, School come, analysis e Kids Act schools (75%), article. but one nutrition
Yedidia, Hunger-Free Lunch high-m of the 4 was the and students were non-mention standards
M. J., Kids Act? Program inority cities and independen primarily ed one is that have
Todd, (NSLP) New the t variable of minority (52% schools often not affected
M., & and School Jersey average and the Black and 43% closed and school meal
Ohri-Vac Breakfast cities daily participatio Hispanic) reopened, participatio
haspati, Program (Camd participati n of the and low-income leading to a n rates.
P. (SBP) en, on (ADP) children (81% eligible for few pieces of With time,
(2018). participatio New of the was the free or data to be students are
Impact n over a Bruns students dependent reduced-price skewed since likely to
of the 7-year wick, in the variable. meals) not all the
2010 US period Newar schools backgrounds. years were accept
Healthy, before and k, and within the Across the available to healthier
Hunger- after the Trento cities was study period, ADP collect from. options”
Free implementa n” and conducted rates for the NSLP
Kids Act tion of 139 . and the (86)
on the 2010 total Researche SBP were 71%
school Healthy, schools rs and 54%,
breakfast Hunger-Fre calculated respectively.
and e Kids Act” (85) participati Since the
lunch on 2008/2009 school
participat (84) rates year, not much
ion rates among changed in terms
between students of the average
2008 and eligible number of
2015. for free participants in the
America or program. The total
n reduced-p average through
Journal rice all the years saw a
Of meals, 2% increase in
Public students mean participation
Health, paying rates from 70% to
108​(1), full 72%. The
84-86. price, and 2012/2013 school
doi:10.21 all year had the
05/AJPH enrolled lowest ADP
.2017.30 students rates-69%.
4102 and ran According to the
models linear model,
for all the school years after
payment 2008/2009 had
options.” higher
participation rates.
 (85)
(85-86)
Theodor What are the “To assess 122 The logic Because “93% of Nothing in the Some This is an
e, F. L., effects of the public model the sample principals were study was limitations important
Moreno- the implementa and was used size is aware of the mentioned include that study
Saracho, implementat tion of an private to assess relatively Guidelines and about “it was not because of
J. E., ion of a obesity elemen the two small 92% believed the controversies. possible to the
Bonvecc food and prevention tary main compared Guidelines were confirm the increasing
hio, A., physical policy in schools compone to the the only strategy program's problem of
Morales- activity elementary . nts of the entire to tackle theoretical obesity
Ruan, M. policy to schools in policy: country, childhood obesity grounding, around the
D. C., prevent Mexico and healthy the study in school. There there were world.Getti
Tolentin obesity in learn from food and was not are a number of limited ng updated
o-Mayo, Mexican it to increased really difficulties that financial and data is
L., schools? improve physical reliable for have seriously human integral to
Lopez-O the activity. all of compromised the resources, helping the
lmedo, implementa A survey Mexico. expected outcome. and it was population
N., tion was The The activities that extremely decline in
...Rivera, process.” requested obesity and were mostly difficult to obesity
J. A. by the effects of carried out at their collect rates.
(2018). (1) Ministry the policies schools by information
Lessons of are the committees were that could
learned Education dependent related to the reflect, in a
and in order variables promotion of a precise
insights to while the correct diet and/or manner, the
from the perform FC and physical activity. schools' real
impleme an PAC are Members in both experiences.”
ntation outcome the the FC and PAC
of a food evaluatio independen realized that these (1)
and n of the t variables. activities are
physical implemen helpful as it gets
activity tation of children in the
policy to the school active and
prevent guidelines gives them
obesity of foods healthier foods
in sold in than they
Mexican schools. 2 normally get.
schools: structures
An were (1)
analysis created: a
of Food
nationall Committe
y e (FC)
represent and a
ative Physical
survey Activity
results. Committe
PLoS e (PAC).
ONE, The FC
13​(6). and PAC
doi: worked
10.1371/j together
ournal.po to
ne.01985 implemen
85 t the
guidelines
that
needed to
be put in
place.

(1)
Essingto Are To inform No Design/M Because “It is essential that No No The studies
n, M., & anti-obesity about the sample ethod not this is not a policy makers controversies limitations used in this
Hertelen public negative present applicable scientific consider key mentioned. available. article all
dy, A. J. health effects of . for this journal, but points during determined
(2016). policies the increase article. a program the effects
Legislati making an in obesity peer-revie development. As of laws and
ng impact in rates and wed article, Slavin (2015) policies put
weight obesity identifying there is no warned, in place.
loss: Are rates? a independen modifying This is
anti-obes relationship t or evidentiary needed to
ity public about dependent guidelines or even be able to
health public variable. omitting research measure
policies health creates policy that how it all
making policies is inconsistent related to
an and obesity with science. In a obesity.
impact?. rates. 2013 study Continuatio
Journal performed n and
Of in one universality
Health pre-kindergarten are
Politics, and five necessary to
Policy & kindergarten continuousl
Law, classes to assess y update the
41​(3), compliance with data and get
453-461. the 2010 Healthy, more
doi:10.12 Hunger-Free Kids feasible and
15/03616 Act’s food waste reliable data
878-352 requirements, as policies
4008 researchers found change, are
that study added, or
participants removed.
discarded 45.3
 percent of the
food that was
served. The cost
was estimated at
$432,349 for
lunch food waste
during one school
year, which can
raise concerns
about the
effectiveness of
such programs. . It
seems that public
policy has had
little
significant impact
on the problem of
childhood obesity,
and in fact obesity
rates continue to
climb.”

(453-461)

Teferi, What is the Identify a 690 “A The “The student’s The authors No Especially
D. Y., prevalence relationship adolesc school-ba independen dietary habit declared that limitations in countries
Atomssa, of between ents sed t variable is showed that most they have no were like
G. E., & malnutrition malnutritio cross-sect the food of the conflicts of mentioned in Ethiopia, it
Mekonne and n and ional quality and respondents interest. the study. is important
n, T. C. associated associated study was quantity consumed teff as a to be aware
(2018). factors factors carried and the staple of the social
Overwei among among the out from dependent activities of
ght and school school May variable is food. Among the the children.
undernut adolescents children in 18–June the families of the This allows
rition in in Wolaita Wolaita 10, 2015, malnutritio respondents, 482 for further
the cases Sodo town, Sodo town, in n and consumed food research on
of Southern Ethiopia. Wolaita obesity from market how to deal
school-g Ethiopia? Sodo rates. purchases and 88 with arising
oing town. All consumed from problems
adolesce primary, their own product with
nts in secondary and market malnutrition
Wolaita , and purchase. A and obesity
Sodo preparator majority of the in that type
Town, y school respondents of setting.
Southern adolescen consumed fruit in
Ethiopia: t students a week of which
Cross-se were 207 consumed
ctional considere fruit three days
study. d as a a week. Likewise,
Journal source 382 of the
Of populatio respondents were
Nutrition n, taking
& whereas meat, and 251 had
Metaboli all regular a practice of
sm,1​ -9. students eating once a
doi:10.11 in the week.
55/2018/ selected On the other side,
8678561 schools 583 of the
aged respondents
between confirmed
10 and 19 that they
years consumed foods
where the containing pulse
study legumes and
populatio lentils. More than
n, and all three-fourth of the
randomly respondents
selected did not engage in
students work besides
aged education. Almost
between the entire
10 and 19 respondents did
years in not smoke
selected cigarettes
schools while 623 of
were adolescents had
constitute never ever drunk
d the alcohol.
sampling Regarding the
populatio source of water,
n. the majority of the
School-go respondents used
ing water from safe
adolescen sources. The
ts aged present study
between successfully
10 and 19 documented
years undernutrition,
who had in terms of
been thinness and
attending stunting and
regular overweight/obesit
program y
were among
included school-going
in adolescents of
the study. Wolaita Sodo
However, town. The
adolescen prevalence of
ts who undernutrition is
had spinal slightly similar as
curvature that of
(unable to overnutrition,
stand indicating that
erectly), both forms of
pregnant, malnutrition
and coexist. There is
edema an increasing
due to trend in the level
some of
other overweight/obesit
pathologi y. Being male,
cal causes mother with no
were formal
excluded. education, owning
” no cattle, and
(2-3) illness in last two
weeks
preceding survey
was associated
with being thin. .
There was a
significant
difference on
the prevalence of
adolescent
malnutrition for
age and sex of
 adolescent with
respect to
different
nutritional
indicators.”

(7-9)
Carof, S. How “To seize The Numerou Each of the “The gender, age, There are no No Not every
(2017). National the national populat s studies three socioeconomic conflicts of limitations in country is
Is there a Cultures variability ions of of the countries is background, or interest in this this study the same.
'national Shape the of the France, views of the immigrant origin article. were Each
body'? 'Fat' Body physical Englan the independen are very mentioned. country has
How and the norms of d, and citizens t variable interesting its’ own
national Food overweight Germa of these and the variables to customs and
cultures Practices. and obesity ny. countries different understand to traditions.
shape the by were views on show that there Analyzing
'fat' body comparing analyzed, overweight are many common the
and the France, as well as ness and features about difference
food England, food and image is weight, body, and between
practices. and physical the food in different
Studies Germany”. activity dependent these 3 countries. countries
in patterns variable. Beyond these can help
Ethnicity (57) to political identify the
& determine philosophies, food behaviors
Nationali if there is and physical that are
sm, a traditions of consistent
17​(1), relationsh every country also with
57, ip influence the obesity.
64-65. between definitions and the This is
doi:10.11 how the representations of important
country overweight because it
11/sena.1 views its’ and obesity. can give
221 obese It is less a researchers
people question of being information
and if the thin than proving on how to
customs their individual lower the
of the responsibility and, obesity
country thus, their rates in
play a morality” these
role on specific
obesity. (64-65) countries.

References (Both from FSP 1, FSP 2, FSP 3 etc.; and references from the controversies, disagreements with other authors’
column)
*Note: Always in APA format on a separate page.
 References

Carof, S. (2017). Is there a 'national body'? How national cultures shape the 'fat' body and the food practices. ​Studies in Ethnicity &

Nationalism, 17(​ 1), 57, 64-65. doi:10.1111/sena.1221

Conway, B. N., Han, X., Munro, H. M., Gross, A. L., Shu, X.-O., Hargreaves, M. K., ...Blot, W. J. (2018). The obesity epidemic and

rising diabetes incidence in a low-income racially diverse southern US cohort. ​PLoS ONE, 13(​ 1), 1-14. doi:

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