National
N i l Commitment
C i National
N i l Programme
P Knowledge
K l d and d
Impact Indicators
and Action Indicators Indicators Behaviour Indicators
Orphans: School
Blood Safety Attendance Reduction in HIV
Young People: Knowledge Prevalence
ART about HIV Prevention
AIDS Spending Most at risk Populations: Knowl.
about HIV Transmission Prevention
PMTCT Most at risk
Sex Before the Age of 15
Populations: Reduction
Co management of TB+ in HIV Prevalence
HIV Higher risk Sex
HIV Testing : General Population Condom Use During
& Most at risk Populations Higher risk Sex HIV Treatment: Survival
Sex Workers: Condom After 12 Months on
Most at risk Populations: Use Antiretroviral Therapy
Prevention Programmes
Government HIV MSM : Condom Use
and AIDS Policies Support for Children
Injecting Drug Users:
Affected by HIV and AIDS
Condom Use Reduction in Mother
Life Skills based HIV to child Transmission
Education in Schools IDU: Safe Injecting Practices
40
29,36
30
20
8,5
10 3,07
0,72 1,03 0,52 0,55 0,49 3,05
0
'<1 '1-4 '5-14 '15-19 '20'29 '30-39 '40-49 '50-59 '> 60 ?
Sumber: Ditjen PP&PL, Depkes RI, Laporan Triwulan IV 2008 (s/d 31 Desember 2008
2008).
).
Seminar Implication and Management of Complicated Pregnancy , 16 Juni 2012
Seminar Implication and Management of Complicated Pregnancy , 16 Juni 2012
Growth of HIV epidemics in populations with different percentages of men visiting sex workers
according
di to iinjecting
j i d drug use.
Condoms were used in 30% of commercial sex acts for all percentages.
Kiat Ruxrungtham, Tim Brown, Praphan Phanuphak. HIV/AIDS in Asia. Lancet 2004; 364: 69–82
Seminar Implication and Management of Complicated Pregnancy , 16 Juni 2012
Transmisi
HIV
Josefina J Card, Angela Amarillas, Alana Conner, Alana Conner, Diana Dull Akers, Julie Solomon, Ralph J DiClemente. The
Complete HIV/AIDS Teaching Kit. Springer Publishing Co, NY, 2008
Seminar Implication and Management of Complicated Pregnancy , 16 Juni 2012
Vagina
V i mempunyaii HIV llebih
bih mudah
d h
Kadar HIV lebih
luas permukaan hidup di vagina
tinggi dalam mani
paparan lebih luas
2 3 15 5 5
100 98 95 80 75 70
36 wks 6 mos
Uninfected Infected
Seminar Implication and Management of Complicated Pregnancy , 16 Juni 2012
Minimalkan Optimalkan
paparan janin – kesehatan bayi
bayi dengan dengan ibu HIV +
cairan tubuh • ARV
maternal • Pemantauan bayi
y
• SC atau minimalkan
obstetrik operatif
• PASI ?
Seminar Implication and Management of Complicated Pregnancy , 16 Juni 2012
erapy% T
The si
Transmis
• Transmission rate
No ART 20.0%
AZT monotherapy
th 10 4%
10.4%
Multi ART (dual NRTI) 3.8%
HAART 1.2% Cooper E.R., et al. JAIDS 2002; 29:484 494.
Transmission rate
ACTG
C G 076
0 6 76
7.6
Thai/CDC 9.5 FF
PHPT LL 6.5
PHPT LS 47
4.7
PHPT 1.9
Retro CI 15
DITRAME 17
PETRA A 8
PETRA B 12
BF
PETRA-C 19
HIVNET012 12
SAINT 10
MALAWI 16
NVAZ 15
45 %
40 %
35 %
30 %
25 %
20 %
15 %
10 %
5%
0%
<1,000 1,001 10,000 10,001 50,000 50,001 100,000 >100,001
(cat: jika AZT diminum > 4 mgg antenatal, dapat sd Rejimen yang direkomendasikan termasuk AZT + 3TC
NVP dan AZT+3TC dapatp dipertimbangkan
p g untuk tidak + LPV/r
/ or
diberikan. Pada kasus ini lanjutkan AZT selama in AZT + 3TC + ABC or
partus dan stop pada saat persalinan. AZT + 3TC + EFV or
TDF + 3TC (or FTC) + EFV
Bayii
B B i
Bayi
Bagi bayi yang diberi ASI Tanpa melihat cara memberi makan bayi
NVP harian dari lahir hingg 4 6 minggu, dan hingga 1 NVP harian atau AZT 2x sehari dari lahir hingga 4 6
minggu
ggu sete
setelah
a papa
paparan
a te
terhadap
adap ASI
S be
berakhir.
a . minggu
ggu
World Health Organization (WHO). Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating Pregnant Women and Preventing HIV Infection in Infants. Recommendations
for A Public Health Approach. 2010.
Seminar Implication and Management of Complicated Pregnancy , 16 Juni 2012
Seminar Implication and Management of Complicated Pregnancy , 16 Juni 2012
IBU HAMIL
• Pemerintah
Mobilisasi masyarakat • Tenaga LSM
Partisipasi pria
• Kader Masyarakat
• Dokter
• Bidan/Perawat
Pelayanan KIA untuk ibu hamil Penyuluhan kesehatan dan PMTCT • Tenaga
• Kader masyarakat
• Dokter
Tak bersedia ditest HIV Bersedia ditest HIV • Perawat
• Petugas
Konseling
K li untuk
t k tetap
t t HIV Pemeriksaan laboratorium Laboratorium
negatif dan evaluasi berkala
• Konselor VCT
Konseling Posttest
• Konselor VCT
• Relawan
Hasil Tes HIV negatif Hasil Tes HIV Positif • ODHA (support
group)
• Dokter
• Relawan/Keluarga
Konseling dan pemberian ARV • Pemantau minum
ARV
• Dokter
Konseling dan Pemberian makanan • Relawan
bayi
• Dokter
Persalinan yang aman • Bidan
Information
Receive co (all pregnant
trimoxazole woman)
prophylaxis
h l i and/or
d/ Tested for HIV (all
antiretroviral therapy. pregnant woman)
(infants and children
living with HIV )
Source: WHO, UNICEF and the Inter Agency Task Team (IATT) on Prevention of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women, Mothers and their Children Prevention of HIV
Infection in Pregnant Women, Mothers and their Children.
• P
Pengobatan
b t ARV Jangka
J k • LLayanan klinik
kli ik dan
d RS yang
panjang bersahabat jika anaknya sakit
• Pengobatan gejala penyakitnya • Kunjungan ke rumah (home
• Bantuan pemeriksaan kondisi visit)
i it)
kesehatan (termasuk CD4 • Dukungan teman teman
ataupun kadar HIV) sesama HIV positif (terlebih
• Bantuan dan arahan nutrisi sesama ibu
ib HIV positif)
itif)
• Penyuluhan kepada anggota • Bantuan finansial (untuk
keluarga
g tentangg cara membantu kehidupan sehari
pencegahan/penularan HIV h i)
hari)
• Pencegahan dan pengobatan • Didampingi jika sedang
infeksi oportunistik
p untuk dirawat di rumah sakit
dirinya dan bayinya • Dukungan dari pasangan
Seminar Implication and Management of Complicated Pregnancy , 16 Juni 2012
Konseling Konseling
K
Konseling
li K
Konseling
li
Ya Ya
Ya Ingin Hamil Hamil
Indikasi ARV Tidak
Tidak Tidak Asuhan Ante Natal
ARV
sesuai Ya Persalinan
Memenuhi syarat
protokol
t k l Asuhan Pasca Natal
Tidak
Perawatan
lanjutan
j Odha Hamil Kontrasepsi
Ikuti Alur 1
RS Rujukan ARV Modul 10, Puskesmas
Halaman 39
Pelatihan PMTCT Kemkes
Seminar Implication and Management of Complicated Pregnancy , 16 Juni 2012
Seminar Implication and Management of Complicated Pregnancy , 16 Juni 2012
”
Seminar Implication and Management of Complicated Pregnancy , 16 Juni 2012
87 13
99.7% Not yet included
IIncrease ARV Infant’s
f ’ ARV
uptake among 82 18
Feeding practice
HIV+ women 94%
Infant’s follow up
1 infant
i f t infected
i f t d 4.5
4 5 infant
i f t infected
i f t d
(1% transmission) (25% transmission)
and testing