Consider the scenario shown in Error! Reference source not found.

in which the Elearninglab

server is connected to a Router 3 by a 1 Gbps link with a distance of 50 km. This router also is
connected to two routers, each over a 100 Mbps link with a distance of 10km. A 50 Mbps link

a) Suppose that Bob is uploading his assignment to the Elearninglab server. Analyze and
explain the process that happens to the message at each protocol layer as it gets ready to be
transmitted. Illustrate your answer using a diagram.

computer, the application-layer message is passed on to the transport layer which processes
the message and encapsulates it with the transport-layer header. The resulting segment is
passed to the network layer which does its own processing and encapsulates the segment
with the network-layer header (depending on the segment size and the size of the packet,
the segment has to be broken down into more than one packet). The resulting packet (or
packets) is (are) passed to the data link layer (DLL) which encapsulates it (them) with its
header (and sometime trailer, depending on the data link layer protocol being used) into
DLL frames. Then the data finally passed to the physical layer (PHY) for transmission.
b) Elearninglab server goes to router2, then to router3, and
finally to the server. Suppose that the size of the assignment is 3MB and the server sends
ACKs back with the same packet size. Calculate the round-trip delay from when a packet
to when it is received by the server
Assume that there are no processing n queuing delay
Assume speed of light = 3*108m/s
Delay on a link = Transmission Delay + Propagation Delay

Bob -> Router 2 -> Router 3 -> Server

Transmission Delay = Size of packet / Data Rate
= 3*106*8 /1*109 + 3*106*8/50*106 +3*106*8/100*106
= 0.744s

Propagation Delay = d/s

=50*103 / 3*108 + 10*103 / 3*108 + 5*103/ 3*108
=
0.000217s

Delay = 0.744216667s
c) Now assume that Alice and Bob are part of a peer-to-peer network. Calculate the end-to-
end delay when Alice is sending a message with a size of 20,000 bits to Bob.
Alice -> Router 1 -> Router 3 -> Router 2 -> Bob
Transmission Delay = Size of packet / Data Rate
= 20000 /50*106 + 20000/100*106 + 20000 /50*106 + 20000/100*106
= 0.4808 s

Propagation Delay = d/s

=10*103 / 3*108 + 5*103/ 3*108 + 10*103 / 3*108 + 5*103/ 3*108
=
0.0001s

Delay = 0.4809 s