By Muralee.V.
1. Integers = positive and negative whole numbers, including zero. ( …, -5, -4, -3,
-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … )
Note: fractions and decimals are not integers.
2. Integers can be represented on a horizontal or vertical number line.
3.
Example
Positive integers
Negative integers
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
4. When asked to draw number line which consists the word from, include the
numbers (when drawing a number line from -5 to 5, include -5 and 5 onto the
number line)
5. When asked to draw number line which consists the word between, exclude the
numbers (when drawing a number line between -5 and 5, exclude -5 and 5 from
the number line)
6. Example 1
a) Draw a number line from -3 to 3
b) Draw a umber line between -3 and 3
Solution
a)
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
b)
-2 -1 0 1 2
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2* 3 4 5
- compare -4 and -2 = -2 is to the right of -4, therefore -4 < -2
- compare -5 and 0 = -5 is to the left of 0, therefore 0 > -5
Example 2
1. Determine the largest integer and the smallest integer from among the following
integers.
a) 87, -78, 92, -7, 1, -10
b) -32, -45, -87, -8, -4
2. Arrange the following integers in ascending order
a) 108, -435, -76, -976, -658
b) -2 654, -8 745, 2 979, -4 793
3. Arrange the following integers in descending order
a) 2, -54, -87, -743, 76, 3 987
b) 5 654, -986, -3 456, 572, -6 935
Solution
1. a) 87, -78, 92, -7, 1, -10
Arrange in ascending order
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
3. Move to the left along the number line (negative direction) when an integer is
added with a negative integer.
Negative direction
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
4. Move to the left along the number line (negative direction) when an integer is
subtracted with a positive integer.
Example: -2 – (-3) = 1 Move 3 units to the right
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
5. Move to the right along the number line (positive direction) when an integer is
subtracted with a negative integer.
Example : 4 – 6 = -2
Move 6 units to the
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Example 3
Calculate the following
a) -5 + (-12)
b) 56 – (-7)
c) 35 + (-45) + (-11)
d) (-87) - (-9) – (-98)
e) 56 – (-36) + (-5) - 24
Solution
a) -5 + (-12) = -5 – 12 (removing the bracket)
= -17
c) 35 + (-45) + (-11) = 35 – 45 – 11
(removing the brackets and work from left to right)
= -10 – 11
= -21
e) 56 – (-36) + (-5) – 24 = 56 + 36 – 5 – 24
(removing the brackets and work from left to right)
= 92 – 5 – 24
= 87 – 24
= 63
Problem Solving
Example 4
a) On a day, the afternoon temperature is 30oC. After a heavy rain, the temperature
drops by 5oC. Then, after 3 hours the temperature rises by 3oC. Find the current
temperature.
b) During a four weeks shoes sale, Halim made a profit of RM 657 and RM 746 in
the first and second week respectively. In third week he loses RM 234 and in the
forth week he gained half of the second week’s profit. Calculate the profit / loss
did Halim make by the end of the four weeks.
Solution
Test yourself
Calculate the following
1. 45 – ( -56) – 5
2. 456 + (-894) – (-765)
3. During a winter, the temperature of Canada is - 15oC. In the spring, the
temperature rises by 18oC. What is the temperature in the spring?
4. Majan made profit of RM 8 565 and RM 5 768 in the month of January and
February respectively. He suffered loss of RM 18 765 in March. Calculate his
profit/loss at the end of March.
Answers
1. 96
2. 327
3. 3oC
4. loss RM - 432