International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Computer 2016
Applications, Vol. 4, No. 1, Jan- Feb ISSN - 2320-6349
Wind And Seismic Analysis And Design Of Multistoried Building (G+30)
By Using Staad Pro
V.Rajesh1, K Jaya Prakash2
1
PG Scholar, Pydah College of Engineering, Kakinada, AP, India.
2
Assistant Professor, Pydah College of Engineering, Kakinada, AP, India.
ABSTRACT
In These Modern Days The Buildings Are Made To
Fulfill Our Basic Aspects And Better Serviceability. It
Is Not An Issue To Construct A Building Any How
Its, Important To Construct An Efficient Building
Which Will Serve For Many Years Without Showing 
Any Failure. The Project Titled “WIND AND
SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF
MULTISTORIED BUILDING (G+30) BY USING
STAAD PRO”, Aims In Finding Better Technique For
Creating Geometry, Defining The Cross Sections For 
Column And Beam Etc, Creating Specification And
Supports (To Define A Support Weather It Is Fixed Or
Pinned),Then The Loads Are Defined. After That The 
Model Is Analyzed By ‘Run Analysis’. Then
Reviewing (Whether Beam Column Passed In Loads
Or Failed) Results. Then The Design Is Performed.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION:
In 21st century due to huge population the no.of areas
in units are decreasing day by day. Few years back the
populations were not so vast so they used to stay in
Horizontal system(due to large area available per
person).But now a day’s people preferring Vertical
System(high rise building due to shortage of area).In
high rise buildings we should concern about all the
forces that act on a building ,its own weight as well as
the soil bearing capacity .For external forces that act
on the building the beam, column and reinforcement
should be good enough to counteract these forces
successfully. And the soil should be good enough to
pass the load successfully to the foundation. For loose
soil we preferred deep foundation (pile).If we will do
so much calculation for a high rise building manually
then it will take more time as well as human errors can
be occurred. So the use of STAAD-PRO will make it
easy. STAAD-PRO can solve typical problem like
Static analysis, Seismic analysis and Natural
frequency. This type of problem can be solved by
STAAD-PRO along with IS-CODE. Moreover
STAAD-PRO has a greater advantage than the manual
technique as it gives more accurate and precise result
than the manual technique.
1.2 STAAD-PRO
STAAD-PRO was born giant. It is the most popular
software used now days. Basically it is performing
design works. There are four steps using STAAD-
PRO to reach the goal.
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1.2.1 Prepare the input file.
1.2.2 Analyze the input file.
1.2.3 Watch the results and verify them.
1.2.4 Send the analysis result to steel design or
concrete design engines for designing purpose.
Prepare the input file First of all we described the
structure. In description part we include geometry, the
materials, cross sections, the support conditions.
Analyze the input file.
We should sure that we are using STAAD-PRO
syntax. Else it wills error.
We should sure that all that we are inputting that will
generate a stable structure.Else it will show error.
 At last we should verify our output data to make sure
that the input data was given correctly.
2.Watch the results and verify them.
 Reading the result take place in POST PROCESSING
Mode.
 First we choose the output file that we want to analyze
(like various loads or load combination) .Then it will
show the results.
2.1 Send the analysis result to steel design or concrete
design engines for designing purpose.
 If someone wants to do design after analysis then he
can ask STAAD-PRO to take the analysis results to be
designed as design .The data like Fy mainFc will
assign to the view
 Then adding design beam and design column.Running
the analysis it will show the full design structure.
FORMULATION OF PROBLEM
3.1TYPES OF LOAD USED
3.1.1 DEAD LOAD (DL):-
All permanent constructions of the structure
form the dead loads. The dead load comprises of the
weights of walls, partitions floor finishes, false
ceilings, false floors and the other permanent
constructions in the buildings. The dead load loads
may be calculated from the dimensions of various
members and their unit weights. the unit weights of
plain concrete and reinforced concrete made with sand
and gravel or crushed natural stone aggregate may be
taken as 24 kN/m” and 25 kN/m” respectively
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3.1.2 LIVE LOAD (LL):-
Imposed load is produced by the intended use
or occupancy of a building including the weight of
movable partitions, distributed and concentrated loads,
load due to impact and vibration and dust loads.
Imposed loads do not include loads due to wind,
seismic activity, snow, and loads imposed due to
temperature changes to which the structure will be
subjected to, creep and shrinkage of the structure, the3.2.3
differential settlements to which the structure may
undergo.
3.1.3WIND LOAD (WL):-
Wind is air in motion relative to the surface
of the earth. The primary cause of wind is traced to
earth’s rotation and differences in terrestrial radiation.
The radiation effects are primarily responsible for 
convection either upwards or downwards. The wind 
generally blows horizontal to the ground at high wind 
speeds. Since vertical components of atmospheric
motion are relatively small, the term ‘wind’ denotes
almost exclusively the horizontal wind, vertical winds
are always identified as such. The wind speeds are
assessed with the aid of anemometers or anemographs
which are installed at meteorological observatories at
heights generally varying from 10 to 30 metres above
ground.
3.1.4 SEISMIC LOAD (SL):-
SEISMIC LOAD can be calculated taking the
view of acceleration response of the ground to the
super structure. According to the severity of
earthquake intensity they are divided into 4 zones.
1. Zone I and II are combined as zone II.
2. Zone III.
3. Zone IV.
4. Zone V.
3.2 CALCULATION OF LOADS
3.2.1 DEAD LOAD CALCULATION:
MAIN WALL LOAD (From Above Plinth
Area To Below The Roof) Should Be The Cross
Sectional Area Of The Wall Multiplied By Unit
Weight Of The Brick. (UnitWeight Of Brick Is Taken
As 19.2 KN/m3).
According To The Is-Code PLINTH LOAD
Should Be Half Of The Main Wall Load. Internal
Plinth Load Should Be Half Of The Plinth Load.
Parapate Load Should Be the Cross Sectional Is
Multiplied By Unit Weight.
SLAB LOAD Should Be Combination Of
Slab Load Plus Floor Finishes. Slab Load Can Be
Calculated as the Thickness of Slab Multiplied by
Unit Weight of Concrete(According To Is-Code Unit
Weight of Concrete Is Taken as25 KN/m3).And Floor
Finishes Taken As 0.5-0.6 KN/m3.
3.2.2 LIVE LOAD CALCULATION:
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Live Load Is Applied All Over The Super
Structure Except The Plinth. Generally Live Load
Varies According To The Types Of Building. For
Residential Building Live Load Is Taken As
2KN/m2on Each Floor And 1.5KN/m2 on Roof.
Negative Sign Indicates Its Acting On Downward
Direction.
WIND LOAD CALCULATION:
The basic wind speed (V,) for any site shall
be obtained from and shall be modified to include the
following effects to get design wind velocity at any
height (V,) for the chosen structure:
Risk level.
Terrain roughness, height and size of structure.
Local topography.
Risk Coefficient (kI Factor) gives basic wind
speeds for terrain Category 2 as applicable at10 m
above ground level based on 50 years mean return
period. In the design of all buildings and structures, a
regional basic wind speed having a mean return period
of 50 years shall be used.Terrain, Height and
Structure Size Factor (k, Factor) Terrain - Selection
of terrain categories shall be made with due regard to
the effect of obstructions which constitute the ground
surface roughness. The terrain category used in the
design of a structure may vary depending on the
direction of wind under consideration. Wherever
sufficient meteorological information is available
about the nature of wind direction, the orientation of
any building or structure may be suitably planned.
Topography (ks Factor) - The basic wind
speed Vb takes account of the general level of
siteabove sea level. This does not allow for local
topographic features such as hills, valleys, cliffs,
escarpments, or ridges which can significantly affect
wind speed in their vicinity. The effect of topography
is to accelerate wind near the summits of hills or crests
of cliffs, escarpments or ridges and decelerate the
wind in valleys or near the foot of cliff, steep
escarpments, or ridges.
WIND PRESSURES AND FORCES ON
BUILDINGS/STRUCTURES:
The wind load on a building shall be
calculated for:
o The building as a whole, Individual structural
elements as roofs and walls, and Individual cladding
units including glazing and their fixings.
Pressure Coefficients - The pressure
coefficients are always given for a particular surface
orpart of the surface of a building. The wind load
acting normal to a surface is obtained by multiplying
the area of that surface or its appropriate portion by
the pressure coefficient (C,) and the design wind
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pressure at the height of the surface from the ground.
The average values of these pressure coefficients for
some building shapes Average values of pressure
coefficients are given for critical wind directions in
one or more quadrants. In order to determine the
maximum wind load on the building, the total load
should be calculated for each of the critical directions
shown from all quadrants. Where considerable
variation of pressure occurs over a surface, it has been
subdivided and mean pressure coefficients given for
each of its several parts.
Then the wind load, F, acting in a direction
normal to the individual structural element or
Cladding unit is:
F= (Cpe – Cpi) A Pd
Where:
Cpe = external pressure coefficient,
Cpi = internal pressure- coefficient,
A = surface area of structural or cladding
unit, and
Pd = design wind pressure element
3.2.4 SEISMIC LOAD CALCULATION:
3.2.4.1 Design Lateral Force
The design lateral force shall first be
computed for the building as a whole. This design
lateral force shall then be distributed to the various
floor levels. The overall design seismic force thus
obtained at each floor level shall then be distributed to
individual lateral load resisting elements depending on
the floor diaphragm action.
3.2.4.2 Design Seismic Base Shear
The total design lateral force or design
seismic base shear (Vb) along any principal direction
shall be determined by the following expression:
VB = A h W
Where:
Ah = horizontal acceleration spectrum.
W = seismic weight of all the floors.
3.2.4.3 The design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah for a
structure shall be determined by the following
expression:
Ah=
Where:
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Z=Zone factor given in Table 2, is for the Maximum
Considered Earthquake (MCE) and service life of
structure in a zone. The factor 2 in the denominator of
Z is used so as to reduce the Maximum Considered
Earthquake (MCE) zone factor to the factor for Design
Basis Earthquake(DBE).
 For Zone II (Z=0.10 Low Seismic Intensity)
 For Zone III (Z=0.16 Moderate Seismic Intensity)
 For Zone IV (Z=0.24Severe Seismic Intensity)
 For Zone V (Z=.36Very Severe Seismic Intensity)
I=Importance factor
 Important service and community buildings, such as
hospitals; schools; monumental structures; emergency
buildings like telephone exchange, television stations,
radio stations, railway stations, fire station buildings;
large community halls like cinemas, assembly halls
and subway stations, power stations. (Importance
Factors -1.5)
 All other buildings(Importance Factors-1.0)
Sa/g=Average Response Acceleration
coefficient.
R=Response reduction factor.
However it should be notice that the ratio of I and R
should not be greater than 1.
3.2.4.4 Fundamental Natural Period
The approximate fundamental natural period
of vibration (T,), in seconds, of a moment-resisting
frame building without brick in the panels may be
estimated by the empirical expression:
Ta=0.075 h0.75 for RC frame building
Ta=0.085 h0.75 for steel frame building
Where:
h = Height of building, in m. This excludes the
basement storeys, where basement walls are connected
with the ground floor deck or fitted between the
building columns. But it includes the basement
storeys, when they are not so connected.
The approximate fundamental natural period of
vibration (T,), in seconds, of all other buildings,
including moment-resisting frame buildings with brick
lintel panels, may be estimated by the empirical
Expression:
.
T=
√
Where,
h= Height of building
d= Base dimension of the building at the plinth level,
in m, along the considered direction of the lateral
force.
3.2.4.5 Distribution of Design Force
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Vertical Distribution of Base Shear to  1.5(DL ± EL)

Different Floor Level
3.3.2
The design base shear (V) shall be
distributed along the height of the building as per the 
following expression:
Where:
Qi=Design lateral force at floor i,
Wi=Seismic weight of floor i,
hi=Height of floor i measured from
base,
n=Number of storeys in the building is the number of
levels at which the masses are located.Distribution of
Horizontal Design Lateral Force to Different Lateral
Force Resisting Elements
 In case of buildings whose floors are
capable of providing rigid horizontal diaphragm
action, the total shear in any horizontal plane shall be
distributed to the various vertical elements of lateral
force resisting system, assuming the floors to be
infinitely rigid in the horizontal plane.
 In case of building whose floor diaphragms
cannot be treated as infinitely rigid in their own plane,
the lateral shear at each floor shall be distributed to the
vertical elements resisting the lateral forces,
considering the in-plane flexibility of the diagram.
3.2.4.6 Dynamic Analysis
Dynamic analysis shall be performed to obtain the
design seismic Force, and its distribution to different
levels along the height of the building and to the
various lateral load resisting elements, for the
followingBuildings:
 Regular buildings -Those greater than 40 m
in height in ZonesIV and V and those Greaterthan 90
m in height in Zones II and Zones 111.
 Irregular buildings – All framed buildings
higher than 12m inZones IV and V and thosegreater
than 40m in height in Zones11 and III.
 0.9 DL ± 1.5 EL
For wind load analysis of a building the code refers
following load combination.
DL +LL
 DL+WL
 DL+0.8LL+0.8WL
Both WL and EL are applied in X and Z
direction. These loads are also applied further in
negative X and Z direction.
So for Seismic analysis there are 18 load
combinations and for Wind load analysis there are 11
load combinations.
3.4 REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE:
Generally concretes are strong in
compression and very negligible respond (almost
zero) to the tension. So reinforced (steel bars) are
provided to resist the tension and to counteract the
moment which can’t resist by the concrete. The partial
safety factor for concrete generally taken as 1.5 due to
non-uniform compaction and inadequate curing and
partial safety factor for steel is taken as 1.15.The
compressive strength of concrete is always taken as
because it is always lesser than the cube strength. So
for the design work the maximum strength of the
concrete is taken as 0.67fck/1.5=.45fck and for steel is
fy/1.15=.87 fy

The analytical model for dynamic analysis

of buildings with unusual configuration should be
such that it adequately models the types of
irregularities present in the building configuration.
Buildings with plan irregularities cannot be modelled
for dynamic analysis.
For irregular buildings, lesser than 40 m in
height in Zones 11and III, dynamic analysis, even
though not mandatory, is recommended. Dynamic
analysis may be performed either by the Time History
Method or by the Response Spectrum Method.
However, in either method, the design base shear
(VB) shall be compared with a base shear (VB)
3.3 LOAD COMBINTION
BEAM:-
3.3.1 For seismic load analysis of a building the Effective depth of a beam is the distance
code refers following load combination. between centroid of area the tension member to the
 1.5(DL + IL) maximum compression member. Generally the span
 1.2(DL + IL ± EL)

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length to effective depth ratio is taken as followings
for different beams.
CANTILEVER-7
SIMPLY SUPPORTED-20
CONTINUOUS-26
The Reinforced should be given both transversally and
longitudionally.Transverse reinforcement is provided
to hold the longitudinal bar in its position. Maximum
reinforcement for beam shouldn’t be more than
6percent. 4.1.1
The minimum shear reinforcement for a beam
should be .75d or 300mm which is lesser.
COLUMN:-
The member who takes compression load is
known as column or struct.Basically column can be
define as Long or Short according to the L and D
ratio. If lex /B or ley/D more than or equal to 12 then
that is called long column else short column.
Where
lex is the effective length in X-axis.
ley is the effective length in Y-axis.
B is the breadth of member.
D is the effective depth of member.
Generally code permits reinforcement up to
6% in column But in site maximum 2.5%
reinforcement are taken. Generally in middle portion
of the column more sizes are taken because it took
more load than others.
4.Comparison of Two 30-Storey Building
4.1 COMPARISION OF TWO 30-STOREY
BUILDING
Afterthe basic work is done. Then it was made
with two different load combination.1st 30-storey
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building was made with the combination of seismic
load, live load and dead load. And 2nd 30storey
building was made with the combination of wind load,
live load and dead load .The Beam and column size of
both buildings are same. Internal column size are
(0.8m×0.8m).External column size was taken as
(.75m×.75m).The beam size was taken as
(.45m×.3m).More internal size was taken because it
always taken more load than the external. If greater
size will not provide then it will fail in compression.
FOLLOWINGS ARE THE INPUT DATA,
CONCRETEDESIGN, ANDDEFLECTION
ANDSHEARBENDING OF A
30STOREYBUILDIGUSING DEAD LOAD,
SEISMIC LOAD AND WIND LOAD
COMBINATION…
(A 30 storey building under seismic, live
and dead load combination)
4.1.2 DATA REQUIRED FOR THE ANALYSIS OF
THEFRAME..
 Type of structure --> multi-storey fixed jointed plane
frame.
 Seismic zone II (IS 1893 (part 1):2002)
 Number of stories 30, (G+29)
 Floor height 3.5 m
 No of bays and bay length 4nos,5 m each.
 Imposed load 2 KN/m2 on each floor and 1.5 KN/m2
on roof.
 Materials Concrete (M 35) and Reinforcement
(Fe500).
 Size of column .8m×.8m internal column size.
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 Size of column 75m×.75m external column size.

 Size of beam .45m×.45m

 Depth of slab 125 mm thick.
 Specific weight of RCC 25KN/m2.
 Specific weight of infill 19.2 KN/m2.
 Type of soil Medium soil.
 Response spectra As per IS 1893.

LOAD DISTRIBUTION BY TRAPEZOIDAL

METHOD

Seismic Load Effect On Structure In (X+Ve)

Seismic Load Effect On Structure In (X-Ve)

The Structure Under Dl From Slab

The Structure Under Live Load

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2. START JOB INFORMATION

3. ENGINEER DATE 28-NOV-15
4. END JOB INFORMATION
5. INPUT WIDTH 79
6. UNIT METER KN
7. JOINT COORDINATES
8. 1 0 0 0; 2 5 0 0; 3 10 0 0; 4 15 0 0; 5 20 0 0; 6 0
0 5; 7 5 0 5; 8 10 0 5
9. 9 15 0 5; 10 20 0 5; 11 0 0 10; 12 5 0 10; 13 10 0
10; 14 15 0 10; 15 20 0 10
10. 16 0 0 15; 17 5 0 15; 18 10 0 15; 19 15 0 15; 20
20 0 15; 21 0 0 20; 22 5 0 20
11. 23 10 0 20; 24 15 0 20; 25 20 0 20; 26 0 3.5 0;
27 5 3.5 0; 28 10 3.5 0
12. 29 15 3.5 0; 30 20 3.5 0; 31 0 3.5 5; 32 5 3.5 5;
33 10 3.5 5; 34 15 3.5 5
Seismic Load Effect On Structure In (Z+Ve) 13. 35 20 3.5 5; 36 0 3.5 10; 37 5 3.5 10; 38 10 3.5
Seismic Load Effect On Structure In (Z-Ve) 10; 39 15 3.5 10
14. 40 20 3.5 10; 41 0 3.5 15; 42 5 3.5 15; 43 10 3.5
4.1.3 DATA REQUIRED FOR THE
15; 44 15 3.5 15
ANALYSIS OF THE FRAME..
15. 45 20 3.5 15; 46 0 3.5 20; 47 5 3.5 20; 48 10 3.5
20; 49 15 3.5 20
1. Type of structure --> multi-storey fixed jointed plane 16. 50 20 3.5 20; 51 0 7 0; 52 5 7 0; 53 10 7 0; 54
frame. 15 7 0; 55 20 7 0; 56 0 7 5
17. 57 5 7 5; 58 10 7 5; 59 15 7 5; 60 20 7 5; 61 0 7
2. Number of storeys 30, (G+29) No of bays and bay 10; 62 5 7 10; 63 10 7 10
length 4nos, 5 m each. 18. 64 15 7 10; 65 20 7 10; 66 0 7 15; 67 5 7 15; 68
10 7 15; 69 15 7 15
3. Floor height 3.5 m 19. 70 20 7 15; 71 0 7 20; 72 5 7 20; 73 10 7 20; 74
15 7 20; 75 20 7 20
20. 76 0 10.5 0; 77 5 10.5 0; 78 10 10.5 0; 79 15
4. No of bays and bay length 4nos, 5 m each. 10.5 0; 80 20 10.5 0
21. 81 0 10.5 5; 82 5 10.5 5; 83 10 10.5 5; 84 15
5. Basic wind speed As per IS 875 (PART 3), 50 m/s for 10.5 5; 85 20 10.5 5
CTC. 22. 86 0 10.5 10; 87 5 10.5 10; 88 10 10.5 10; 89 15
•Imposed load 2 KN/m2 on each floor and 1.5 KN/m2 10.5 10; 90 20 10.5 10
on roof. 23. 91 0 10.5 15; 92 5 10.5 15; 93 10 10.5 15; 94 15
• Materials Concrete (M 35) and Reinforcement 10.5 15; 95 20 10.5 15
(Fe500). 24. 96 0 10.5 20; 97 5 10.5 20; 98 10 10.5 20; 99 15
10.5 20; 100 20 10.5 20
• Size of column .8m×.8m internal column size 25. 101 0 14 0; 102 5 14 0; 103 10 14 0; 104 15 14
75m×.75m external column size. 0; 105 20 14 0; 106 0 14 5
26. 107 5 14 5; 108 10 14 5; 109 15 14 5; 110 20 14
5; 111 0 14 10; 112 5 14 10
• Size of beam .45m×.45m 27. 113 10 14 10; 114 15 14 10; 115 20 14 10; 116
0 14 15; 117 5 14 15
• Depth of slab 125 mm thick 45 28. 118 10 14 15; 119 15 14 15; 120 20 14 15; 121
0 14 20; 122 5 14 20
• Specific weight of RCC 25KN/m3. 29. 123 10 14 20; 124 15 14 20; 125 20 14 20; 126
0 17.5 0; 127 5 17.5 0
30. 128 10 17.5 0; 129 15 17.5 0; 130 20 17.5 0;
• Specific weight of infill 19.2 KN/m3 131 0 17.5 5; 132 5 17.5 5
31. 133 10 17.5 5; 134 15 17.5 5; 135 20 17.5 5;
• Wind intensity and height As per IS 875 (PART 3), 136 0 17.5 10; 137 5 17.5 10
1.5 KN/m2 at a height 105 m in CTC. 32. 138 10 17.5 10; 139 15 17.5 10; 140 20 17.5 10;
141 0 17.5 15; 142 5 17.5 15
33. 143 10 17.5 15; 144 15 17.5 15; 145 20 17.5 15;
4.1.4 STAAD.Pro INPUT COMMAND FILE
146 0 17.5 20; 147 5 17.5 20
34. 148 10 17.5 20; 149 15 17.5 20; 150 20 17.5 20;
1. STAAD SPACE
151 0 21 0; 152 5 21 0
INPUT FILE: WL.STD

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35. 153 10 21 0; 154 15 21 0; 155 20 21 0; 156 0 21

5; 157 5 21 5; 158 10 21 5
36. 159 15 21 5; 160 20 21 5; 161 0 21 10; 162 5 21
10; 163 10 21 10; 164 15 21 10
37. 165 20 21 10; 166 0 21 15; 167 5 21 15; 168 10
21 15; 169 15 21 15
38. 170 20 21 15; 171 0 21 20; 172 5 21 20; 173 10
21 20; 174 15 21 20
STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 2

CONCLUSION
From the above comparison between two 30-
storey building taking same beam and column size
using different load combination it was clearly visible
that the top beams of a building in wind load
combination required more reinforcement than the
building under seismic load combination (for example
beam no 1951 required 5 no of 20 mmØ and 6 no of
20 mmØ bars whereas for Seismic load combination it
required 13 nos of 10 mmØ and 21 nos of 10
mmØ).but the deflection and shear bending is more in
wind load combination compare to seismic. But in
lower beams more reinforcement is required for wind
load combination.
For column the area of steel and percentage
of steel always greater required for wind load
combination than the seismic load
combination.(example column no 129 Ast required for
WL combination is 8371 mm2 and percentage of steel
is 1.56 where as for the SL combination Ast required
is 1911 mm2 and percentage of steel is 3.43). The
deflection value is more in WL combination than the
SL combination.
REFERENCES

1. IS 875 (Part III for wind load design).

2. IS 456.
3. IS 1893 (for seismic analysis).
4. STAAD-Pro user guide.
5. Earthquake Resistant Design Of Structures By Pankaj
Agarwal.

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