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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter-07 - Integrals
Exercise 7.1
Question 1:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the function sin 2x by the method of inspection.
Solution 1:
The anti-derivative of sin 2x is a function of x whose derivative is sin 2x. It is known that,
d
 cos 2x   2sin 2x
dx
1 d
 sin 2 x    cos 2 x 
2 dx
d  1 
sin 2 x    cos 2 x 
dx  2 
1
Therefore, the anti-derivative of sin 2x is  cos 2 x .
2
Question 2:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the function cos 3x by the method of inspection.
Solution 2:
The anti-derivative of cos 3x is a function of x whose derivative is cos 3x.
It is known that,
d
sin 3x   3cos3x
dx
1 d
 cos3x  sin 3x 
3 dx
d 1 
cos3x   sin 3x 
dx  3 
1
Therefore, the anti-derivative of cos3x is sin 3x .
3
Question 3:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the function e2x by the method of inspection.
Solution 3:
The anti–derivative of e2x is the function of x whose derivative is e2x
It is known that,
d 2x
dx
 
e  2e2 x
 e2 x 
2 dx
 
1 d 2x
e
7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 1
d  1 2x 
 e2 x   e 
dx  2 
1 2x
Therefore, the anti-derivative of e 2 x is e .
2
Question 4:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the function (ax + b) 2 by the method of inspection.
Solution 4:
The anti-derivative of (ax + b)2 is the function of x whose derivative is (ax + b) 2.
It is known that,
d
 ax+b  3a  ax+b
3 2
dx
1 d
  ax+b    ax+b 
2 3
3a dx
d  1 3
  ax+b     ax+b  
2
dx  3a 
1
Therefore, the anti-derivative of  ax+b  is  ax+b  .
2 3
3a
Question 5:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the function sin 2x – 4e3x by the method of inspection.
Solution 5:
The anti-derivative of sin 2x – 4e3x is the function of x whose derivative is sin2x – 4e3x
It is known that,
d  1 4 3x 
  cos 2 x  e   sin 2 x  4e
3x
dx  2 3 
 1 4 
 
Therefore, the anti derivative of sin 2x  4e3x is   cos 2 x  e3 x  .
 2 3 
Question 6:

 4e 1 dx
3x

Solution 6:

 4e 1 dx
3x

 4 e3x dx  1dx
 e3 x 
 4  xC
 3 
4
 e3 x  x  C
3
where C is an arbitrary constant.
Question 7:
2 1
 x 1  x2 dx
Solution 7:
2 1
 x 1  x2 dx
   x 2  1 dx
  x 2 dx   1dx
x3
  xC
3
Question 8:

 ax  bx  c dx
2

Solution 8:

 ax  bx  c dx
2

 a x2dx  b xdx  c 1.dx
 x3   x 2 
 a    b    cx  C
 3  2
ax3 bx 2
   cx  C
3 2
Question 9:

 2x  e dx
2 x

Solution 9:

 2x  e dx
2 x

 2 x2dx   ex dx
 x3 
 2    ex  C
3
2
 x3  e x  C
3
Question 10:
2
 1 
  x  x  dx
Solution 10:
2
 1 
  x  x  dx
 1 
   x   2  dx
 x 
1
  xdx   dx  21.dx
x
2
x
  log x  2 x  C
2
Question 11:
x3  5 x 2  4
 x2 dx
Solution 11:
x3  5 x 2  4
 x2 dx
   x  5  4 x2  dx
  xdx  5 1.dx  4 x 2 dx
x2  x1 
  5x  4  C
2  1 
x2 4
  5x   C
2 x
Question 12:
x3  3x  4
 x
dx
Solution 12:
x3  3x  4
 x
dx
 5 1
 
1
   x 2  3x 2  4 x 2  dx
 
 3
  1
7 3 x 2  4  x 2 
      C
2
x
7 3 1
2 2 2
7 3 1
2 2
 x  2 x  8x 2  C
2
7
2 7 3
 x 2  2x 2  8 x  C
7
Question 13:
x3  x 2  x  1
 x 1 dx
Solution 13:
x3  x 2  x  1
 x 1 dx
On factorising, we obtain
( x2  1)( x  1)
 x  1 dx
   x 2  1 dx
  x 2 dx   1dx
x3
  xC
3
Question 14:
 1 x xdx
Solution 14:
 1 x xdx
 3

   x  x 2  dx
 
1 3
  x 2 dx   x 2 dx
3 5
2 2
x x
  C
3 5
2 2
2 32 2 52
= x  x C
3 5
Question 15:

 x 3x  2x  3 dx
2

Solution 15:

 x 3x  2x  3 dx
2

5 3 1
 3 x 2 dx  2 x 2 dx  3 x 2 dx
 3
 7   5   x2 
 x2   x2   
 3   2 5 3 3 C
7
   
 2   2  2
6 72 4 52 3
 x  x  2x  C 2
7 5
Question 16:

 2x  3cos x  e dx
x

Solution 16:

 2x  3cos x  e dx
x

 2 xdx  3 cos xdx   ex dx
2 x2
  3  sin x   e x  C
2
 x2  3sin x  ex  C
Question 17:
  2x 
 3sin x  5 x dx
2
Solution 17:
  2x 
 3sin x  5 x dx
2
1
 2 x dx  3 sin xdx  5 x dx
2 2
 3
2x 3
 x2 
  3   cos x   5    C
3 3
 
 2 
3
2 10
 x3  3cos x  x 2  C
3 3
Question 18:
 sec x sec x  tan x dx
Solution 18:
 sec x sec x  tan x dx
   sec2 x  sec x tan x  dx
  sec2 xdx   sec x tan xdx
 tan x  sec x  C
Question 19:
sec2 x
 cos ec2 x dx
Solution 19:
sec2 x
 cos ec2 x dx
1
2
  cos x dx
1
sin 2 x
sin 2 x
 dx
cos2 x
  tan 2 xdx
   sec2 x  1 dx
  sec2 xdx  1dx
 tan x  x  C
Question 20:
2  3sin x
 cos2 x dx
Solution 20:
2  3sin x
 cos2 x dx
 2 3sin x 
   dx
 cos x cos x 
2 2
  2sec2 xdx  3 tan x sec xdx

 2 tan x  3sec x  C
Question 21:
 1 
The anti-derivative of  x   equals
 x
1 13 1
2 32 1 2
 A x  2 x  C  B  x  x  C
2
3 3 2
3 1 3
2 3 1 1
C  x 2  2x 2  C  D  x 2  x 2  C
3 2 2
Solution 21:
1
 x  x dx
1 1

  x 2 dx   x 2 dx
3 1
2 2
x x
  C
3 1
2 2
3 1
2 2
 x  2 x 2  C , where C is an arbitrary constant.
3
Hence, the correct Answer is C.
Question 22:
d 3
If f  x   4 x3  4 such that f(2) = 0, then f(x) is
dx x
1 129 1 129
 A x 4  3   B  x3  4 
x 8 x 8
1 129 1 129
C  x4  3   D  x3  4 
x 8 x 8
Solution 22:
d 3
It is given that, f  x   4 x3  4
dx x
3
Anti-derivative of 4x3  4  f  x 
x
3
 f  x    4 x3  4 dx
x
f  x   4 x3 dx  3  x4 dx
 x 4   x 3 
f  x   4    3 C
 4   3 
1
f  x   x4  3  C
x
Also,
f(2) = 0
1
 f  2   2  3  C  0
4
 2
1
 16   C  0
8
 1
 C   16  
 8
129
C 
8
1 129
 f  x   x4  3 
x 8
Hence, the correct Answer is A.
Exercise 7.2
Question 1:
2x
Integrate
1  x2
Solution 1:
Let 1  x2 = t
 2x dx = dt
2x 1
 dx   dt
1 x 2
t
 log t  C
 log 1  x 2  C
 log 1  x 2   C
Question 2:
 log x 
2
Integrate
x
Solution 2:
Let log x = t
1
 dx  dt
x
 log x  dx 
2
  t dt
2
x
t3
 C
3
 log x 
3
 C
3
Question 3:
1
Integrate
x  x log x
Solution 3:
The given function can be rewritten as
1 1
=
x  x log x x 1  log x 
Let 1 + log x = t
1
 dx  dt
x
1 1
 dx   dt
x 1  log x  t
 log t  C
 log 1  log x  C
Question 4:
Integrate sin x . sin (cos x)
Solution 4:
Let cos x = t
∴ −sin x dx = dt
  sin x.sin  cos x  dx   sin tdt
    cos t   C
 cos t  C
 cos  cos x   C
Question 5:
Integrate sin (ax + b) cos (ax + b)
Solution 5:
2sin  ax  b  cos  ax  b  sin 2  ax  b 
sin (ax + b) cos (ax + b) = 
2 2
Let 2 (ax + b) = t
∴ 2adx = dt
sin 2  ax  b  1 sin t dt
 dx  
2 2 2a
1
   cos t   C
4a
1
 cos 2  ax  b   C
4a
Question 6:
Integrate ax  b
Solution 6:
Let ax + b = t
⇒ adx = dt
1
 dx  dt
a
1
1 12
   ax  b  dx   t dt
2
a
 1
1  t2 
  C
a 3 
2
3
2
  ax  b  2  C
3a
Question 7:
Integrate x x  2
Solution 7:
Let x + 2 = t
 dx = dt
  x x  2dx   (t  2) tdt
 3 1

   t 2  2t 2  dt
 
3 1
  t dt  2 t dt
2 2
5 3
t 2 t2 
  2   C
5 3
 
2 2
5
2 4 3
 t2  t2 C
5 3
5 3
2 4
  x  2 2   x  2 2  C
5 3
Question 8:
x 1  2 x2
Solution 8:
Let 1 + 2x2= t
 4x dx = dt
t
  x 1  2 x2 dx   dt
4
1 12
  t dt
4
 3
1 t2 
  C
4 3 
2
3
 1  2 x 2  2  C
1
6
Question 9:
Integrate  4 x  2 x2  x  1
Solution 9:
Let x2 + x + 1 = t
 (2x +1)dx = dt
  4x  2 x 2  x  1 dx
  2 tdt
 2 tdt
 3
 t2 
 2   C
3
 
2
3
4
 
 x2  x  1 2  C
3
Question 10:
1
Integrate
x x
Solution 10:
1 1
 
=
x x x x 1
Let  x 1 = t 
1
 dx  dt
2 x
1 2
 dx   dt
x  x 1  t
 2log t  C
 2log x 1  C
Question 11:
x
Integrate ,x 0
x4
Solution 11:
Let x + 4 = t
 dx = dt
x t  4 dt
 x4  tdx 
 4 
   t   dt
 t
3  1
t2  t2 
  4   C
3 1
 
2 2
3 1
2
 t  2  8 t  2  C
3
2 12 1
 t . t  8t 2  C
3
2 1
 t 2  t  12   C
3
1
2
  x  4  2  x  4  12   C
3
2
 x  4  x  8  C
3
Question 12:
 
1
Integrate x3  1 3 x5
Solution 12:
Let x3 – 1 = t
3x2 dx  dt
   x3 13 x5dx    x3 13 x3 .x2 dx

1 1
1
dt
  t  t  1
3
3
1  4 1

   t 3  t 3 dt
3  
 7 4 
1 t 3
t 
3
    C
3 7 4 
3 3
1 3 7 3 4 
  t3  t3  C
3 7 4 
 x  1 3   x3  1 3  C
7 4
1 3 1

7 4
Question 13:
x2
Integrate
 2  3x  3 3
Solution 13:
Let 2 + 3x3 = t
 9x2 dx = dt
x2 1 dt
 dx   3

2  3x 3 3

9 t 
1  t 2 
   C
9  2 
1  1 
  2 C
18  t 
1
 C
18  2  3x3 
2
Question 14:
1
Integrate ,x 0
x  log x 
m
Solution 14:
Let log x = t
1
dx  dt
x
1 dt
 dx   m
x  log x  t 
m
t m1
 C
m  1
 log x 
1m
 C
1  m
Question 15:
x
Integrate
9  4 x2
Solution 15:
Let 9 – 4x2 = t
 −8x dx = dt
x 1 1
 dx   dt
9  4x 2
8 t
1
 log t  C
8
1
 log 9  4 x 2  C
8
Question 16:
Integrate e2 x3
Solution 16:
Let 2x + 3 = t
 2dx = dt
1 t
  e2 x3dx 
2
e dt

2
e   C
1 t
1 2 x 3
 e   C
2
Question 17:
x
Integrate x 2
e
Solution 17:
Let x2 = t
 2x dx = dt
x 1 1
  x2 dx   t dt
e 2 e
1
  et dt
2
1  et 
  C
2  1 
1 2
  e x  C
2
1
 x2  C
2e
Question 18:
1
etan x
Integrate
1  x2
Solution 18:
Let tan 1 x  t
1
 dx  dt
1  x2
1
etan x
 dx   et dt
1 x 2
 e C
t
1
 etan x  C
Question 19:
e2 x  1
Integrate 2 x
e 1
Solution 19:
Dividing the given function’s numerator and denominator by ex, we obtain,
 e2 x  1 x  x
ex e e
 x x
 e  1 e  e
2x
ex
Let ex  e x = t
ex  e x  dx  dt
e2 x  1 e x  e x
  2 x dx   x  x dx
e 1 e e
dt

t
 log t  C
 log e x  e  x  C
Question 20:
e2 x  e2 x
Integrate 2 x 2 x
e e
Solution 20:
Let e2 x  e2 x  t
 2e2 x  2e2 xdx  dt
 
 2 e2 x  e2 x dx  dt
 e2 x  e2 x  dt
   2 x 2 x dx  
e e  2t
1 1
  dt
2 t
1
 log t  C
2
1
 log e 2 x  e 2 x  C
2
Question 21:
Integrate tan 2  2 x  3
Solution 21:
tan 2  2x  3  sec2  2 x  3 1
Let 2x − 3 = t
 2dx = dt
  tan 2  2x  3dx   sec2  2 x  3 1dx

1
2   sec2 t  dt  1dx
1
  sec2 tdt  1dx
2
1
 tan t  x  C
2
1
 tan  2 x  3  x  C
2
Question 22:
Integrate sec2  7  4x 
Solution 22:
Let 7 − 4x = t
 −4dx = dt
1
  sec2  7  4 x  dx   sec2 tdt
4
1
  tan t   C
4
1
 tan  7  4 x   C
4
Question 23:
sin 1 x
Integrate
1  x2
Solution 23:
Let sin1 x = t
1
dx  dt
1  x2
sin 1 x
 dx   t dt
1  x2
t2
 C
2
sin x  1 2
 C
2
Question 24:
2cos x  3sin x
Integrate
6cos x  4sin x
Solution 24:
The given function is,
2cos x  3sin x 2cos x  3sin x

6cos x  4sin x 2  3cos x  2sin x 
Let 3cos x  2sin x  t
 3sin x  2cos x  dx  dt
2cos x  3sin x dt
 6cos x  4sin xdx   2t
1 1
2t
 dt
1
 log t  C
2
1
 log 2sin x  3cos x  C
2
Question 25:
1
Integrate
cos x 1  tan x 
2 2
Solution 25:
The given function is
1 sec2

cos2 x 1  tan x  1  tan x 
2 2
Let 1  tan x   t
 sec2 xdx  dt
sec2 dt
 dx  
1  tan x 
2
t2
   t 2 dt
1
  C
t
1
 C
1  tan x 
Question 26:
cos x
Integrate
x
Solution 26:
Let x  t
1
dx  dt
2 x
cos x
 dx  2 cos tdt
x
 2sin t  C
 2sin x  C
Question 27:
Integrate sin 2x cos 2x
Solution 27:
Let sin 2x = t
So, 2cos 2x dx = dt
1
  sin 2 x cos 2 xdx 
2
tdt
 3
1 t2 
  C
2 3 
2
1 3
 t2  C
3
3
1
  sin 2 x  2  C
3
Question 28:
cos x
Integrate
1  sin x
Solution 28:
Let 1 + sin x = t
 cos x dx = dt
cos x dt
 dx  
1  sin x t
1
2
t
 C
1
2
 2 t C
 2 1  sin x  C
Question 29:
Integrate cot x log sin x
Solution 29:
Let log sin x =t
1
 .cos xdx  dt
sinx
cot xdx  dt
  cot x logsin xdx   tdt
t2
 C
2
1
  log sin x   C
2
2
Question 30:
sin x
Integrate
1  cos x
Solution 30:
Let 1 + cos x = t
 −sin x dx = dt
sin x dt
 dx   
1  cos x t
  log t  C
  log 1  cos x  C
Question 31:
sin x
Integrate
1  cos x 
2
Solution 31:
Let 1 + cos x = t
 −sin x dx = dt
sin x dt
 dx    2
1  cos x 
2
t
  t 2 dt
1
 C
t
1
 C
1  cos x
Question 32:
1
Integrate
1  cot x
Solution 32:
1
Let I   dx
1  cot x
1
 dx
cos x
1
sin x
sin x
 dx
sin x  cos x
1 2sin x
  dx
2 sin x  cos x
1  sin x  cos x    sin x  cos x 
  dx
2 sin x  cos x 
1 1 sin x  cos x

2  1dx  
2 sin x  cos x
dx
1 1 sin x  cos x
  x   dx
2 2 sin x  cos x
Let sin x + cos x = t ⇒ (cos x − sin x) dx = dt
x 1   dt 
I   
2 2 t
x 1
  log t  C
2 2
x 1
  log sin x  cos x  C
2 2
Question 33:
1
Integrate
1  tan x
Solution 33:
1
Let I   dx
1  tan x
1
 dx
sin x
1
cos x
cos x
 dx
cos x  sin x
1 2cos x
  dx
2 cos x  sin x
1  cos x  sin x    cos x  sin x 
  dx
2  cos x  sin x 
1 1 cos x  sin x

2  1dx  
2 cos x  sin x
dx
x 1 cos x  sin x
   dx
2 2 cos x  sin x
Put cos x − sin x = t ⇒ (−sin x − cos x) dx = dt
x 1   dt 
I   
2 2 t
x 1
  log t  C
2 2
x 1
  log cos x  sin x  C
2 2
Question 34:
tan x
Integrate
sin x cos x
Solution 34:
tan x
Let I   dx
sin x cos x
tan x  cos x
 dx
sin x cos x  cos x
tan x
 dx
tan x cos2 x
sec2 xdx

tan x
Let tan x = t  sec2x dx = dt
dt
I  
t
 2 t C
 2 tan x  C
Question 35:
1  log x 
2
Integrate
x
Solution 35:
Let 1 + log x = t
1
 dx  dt
x
1  log x 
2
 dx   t 2 dt
x
t3
 C
3
1  log x 
3
 C
3
Question 36:
 x  1 x  log x 
2
Integrate
x
Solution 36:
 x  1 x  log x 
2
x
 1
 1   ( x  log x)2
 x
Let  x  log x   t
 1
1   dx  dt
 x
 1
  1    x  log x  dx   t 2dt
2
 x
t3
 C
3
1
  x  log x   C
3
3
Question 37:
Integrate

x3 sin tan 1 x4 
1  x8
Solution 37:
Let x4 = t
 4x3 dx = dt


x3 sin tan 1 x4  
1 sin tan t
dx  
1
dt ... 1
1  x8 4 1 t 2
Let tan 1 t  u
1
 dt  du
1 t 2
From (1), we obtain
 
x3 sin tan 1 x4 dx 1
 1  x8
  sin udu
4
1
   cos u   C
4
  cos  tan 1 t   C
1
4
1
 cos  tan 1 x 4   C
4
Question 38:
10 x9  10x loge 10
 x10  10x dx equals
 A  10x  x10  C  B  10x  x10  C
10  x10   C log 10x  x10   C
1
C  x
 D
Solution 38:
Let x10  10x  t
10 x9  10x loge 10  dx  
dt
t
10 x  10 loge 10
9 x
dt
 dx  
x  10x
10
t
 log t  C
 log 10x  x10   C
Hence, the correct Answer is D.
Question 39:
dx
 sin2 x cos2 x equals
 A  tan x  cot x  C  B  tan x  cot x  C
C  tan x cot x  C  D  tan x  cot 2 x  C
Solution 39:
dx
Let I  
sin x cos2 x
2
sin 2 x  cos2 x
 dx
sin 2 x cos2 x
sin 2 x cos2 x
 2 dx   2 dx
sin x cos2 x sin x cos2 x
  sec2 xdx   cos ec2dx
 tan x  cot x  C
Hence, the correct Answer is B.
Exercise 7.3
Question 1:
Integrate sin2(2x + 5)
Solution 1:
1  cos 2  2 x  5 1  cos  4 x  10
sin 2  2 x  5  
2 2
1  cos  4 x  10
  sin 2  2 x  5 dx   dx
2
1 1
 1dx   cos  4 x  10 dx
2 2
1 1  sin  4 x  10  
 x  C`
2 2 4 
Question 2:
Integrate sin3x.cos4x
Solution 2:
It is known that, sin A cos B 
1
2
sin  A  B   sin  A  B 
  sin 3x cos 4 xdx 
1
2
sin 3x  4x   sin 3x  4x  dx

1
2
sin 7 x  sin   x dx
1
  sin 7 x  sin x dx
2
1 1
  sin 7 xdx   sin xdx
2 2
1   cos7 x  1
      cos x   C
2 7  2
 cos7 x cos x
  C
14 2
Question 3:
Integrate cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x
Solution 3:
It is known that, cos A cos B 

1
2
cos  A  B   cos( A  B
1 
  cos 2 x  cos 4 x cos 6 x  dx   cos 2 x  cos  4 x  6 x   cos  4 x  6 x  dx
2 
  cos 2x cos10x  cos 2x cos  2x  dx
1
2
  cos 2 x cos10 x  cos2 2 x dx
1
2
1  1   1  cos 4 x 
   cos  2 x  10 x   cos  2 x 10 x     dx
2  2   2 
1
   cos12 x  cos8x  1  cos 4 x  dx
4
1  sin12 x sin8x sin 4 x 
    x  C
4  12 8 4 
Question 4:
Integrate sin3  2 x  1
Solution 4:
Let I   sin3 (2 x  1)dx
  sin3  2 x  1dx   sin 2  2 x  1 .sin  2 x  1 dx
  1  cos2  2 x  1  sin  2 x  1 dx
Let cos  2x  1  t
 2sin  2x  1 dx  dt
dt
 sin  2 x  1 dx 
2
1
I 
2  1  t 2  dt
1  t 3 
 t    C
2  3

1  cos3  2 x  1 

  
cos 2 x  1  C
2  3 

 cos  2 x  1 cos3  2 x  1
  C
2 6
Question 5:
Integrate sin3 x cos3 x
Solution 5:
Let I   sin3 x cos3 x.dx
  cos3 x.sin 2 x.sin x.dx
  cos3 x 1  cos2 x  sin x.dx
Let cosx = t
 -sinx.dx  dt
 I   t 3 1  t 2  dt
   t 3  t 5  dt
t 4 t 6 
   C
4 6
 cos4 x cos6 x 
   C
 4 6 
cos6 x cos4 x
  C
6 4
Question 6:
Integrate sin x sin 2x sin3x
Solution 6:
It is known that, sin A sin B 
1
2
cos  A  B   cos  A  B 
 
  sin x sin 2 x sin 3xdx   sin x. cos  2 x  3x   cos  2 x  3x  dx
1
 2 
   sin x cos   x   sin x cos5x  dx
1
2
1
   sin cos x  sin x cos 5 x  dx
2
1 sin 2 x 1
  dx   sin x cos 5 xdx
2 2 2
1   cos2 x  1 1
4  2  2  2
   {sin( x  5x)  sin( x  5x)}dx
 cos 2x 1
    sin 6 x  sin  4 x   dx
8 4
 cos2x 1   cos6x cos4 x 

    C
8 4 6 4 
 cos 2 x 1   cos6 x cos 4 x 
    C
8 8 3 2 
1  cos6 x cos 4 x 
    cos 2 x   C
8 3 2 
Question 7:
Integrate sin 4x sin8x
Solution 7:
1
It is known that, sin A sin B  cos  A  B   cos  A  B 
2
1 
  sin 4 x sin8xdx    cos  4 x  8x   cos  4 x  8x  dx
2 
   cos  4 x   cos12 x  dx
1
2
1
   cos 4 x  cos12 x  dx
2
1  sin 4 x sin12 x 
   +C
2 4 12 
Question 8:
1  cos x
Integrate
1  cos x
Solution 8:
Consider,
x
2sin 2
1  cos x 2  2 x 2 x 
  2sin  1  cos x and 2cos =1+cosx 
1  cos x 2cos2 x 2 2 
2
x
 tan 2
2
 x 
  sec2 1
 2 
1  cos x  x 
 dx    sec2 1dx
1  cos x  2 
 x 
 tan 2 
  x  C
1
 
 2 
x
 2 tan  x  C
2
Question 9:
cos x
Integrate
1  cos x
Solution 9:
x x
cos2  sin 2
cos x 2 2  x x x 
  cos x  cos2  sin 2 and cos x  2cos2  1
1  cos x 2cos2
x  2 2 2 
2
1 x
 1  tan 2 
2 2
cos x 1  x
 dx   1  tan 2 dx
1  cos x 2  2
1  x 
  1  sec2  1 dx
2  2 
1  x
   2  sec2 dx
2  2
 x
tan 
1 2 C
 2 x 
2 1 

 2 
x
 x  tan  C
2
Question 10:
Integrate sin 4 x
Solution 10:
Consider sin 4 x  sin 2 x sin 2 x
 1  cos 2 x  1  cos 2 x 
  
 2  2 
1
 1  cos 2 x 
2
4
1
 1  cos2 2 x  2cos 2 x 
4
1   1  cos 4 x  
 1     2cos 2 x 
4  2  
1 1 1 
 1   cos 4 x  2cos 2 x 
4 2 2 
1 3 1 
   cos 4 x  2cos 2 x 
4 2 2 
1 3 1 
  sin 4 xdx     cos 4 x  2cos 2 x  dx
4 2 2 
1 3 1  sin 4 x  2sin 2 x 
  x   C
4 2 2 4  2 
1 sin 4 x 
 3x   2sin 2 x   C
8 4 
3x 1 1
  sin 2 x  sin 4 x  C
8 4 32
Question 11:
Integrate cos4 2x
Solution 11:
cos4 2 x   cos2 2 x 
2
 1  cos 4 x 
2
 
 2 
1
 1  cos2 4 x  2cos 4 x 
4
1   1  cos8x  
 1     2cos 4 x 
4  2  
1  1 cos8x 
 1    2cos 4 x 
4 2 2 
1  3 cos8x 
    2cos 4 x 
4 2 2 
 3 cos8x cos 4 x 
  cos4 2 xdx      dx
8 8 2 
3 sin8x sin 4 x
 x  C
8 64 8
Question 12:
sin 2 x
Integrate
1  cos x
Solution 12:
2
 x x
 2sin cos 
 
2

sin x 2 2 x x 2 x
1  cos x x sin x  2sin 2 cos 2 ;cos x  2 cos 2  1

2 cos 2
2
x x
4sin 2 cos2
 2 2
x
2cos2
2
x
 2sin 2
2
 1  cos x
sin 2 x
 dx   1  cos x  dx
1  cos x
 x  sin x  C
Question 13:
cos 2 x  cos 2
Integrate
cos x  cos 
Solution 13:
Consider,
2 x  2 2 x  2a
2sin sin
cos 2 x  cos 2 2 2  CD C  D
 cos C  cos D  2sin 2 sin 2 
cos x  cos  x  x 
2sin sin
2 2
sin  x    sin  x   

 x    x  
sin   sin  
 2   2 
  x    x      x    x   
 2sin  2  cos  2    2sin  2  cos  2  
        

 x    x  
sin   sin  
 2   2 
 x    x  
 4cos   cos  
 2   2 
  x  x   x  x  
 2 cos     cos 
  2 2  2 2 
 2 cos  x   cos  
 2cos x  2cos 
cos 2x  cos 2
 dx   2cos x  2cos 
cos x  cos 
 2sin x  x cos    C
Question 14:
cos x  sin x
Integrate
1  sin 2 x
Solution 14:
cos x  sin x cos x  sin x
 sin x  cos x  1;sin 2 x  2sin x cos x 
2 2
1  sin 2 x  
sin x  cos2 x  2sin x cos x
2
cos x  sin x

(sin x  cos x)2
Let sin x  cos x  t
 cos x  sin x  dx  dt
cos x  sin x cos x  sin x
 dx   dx
1  sin 2 x sin x  cos x 
2
dt

t2
  t 2 dt
 t 1  C
1
  C
t
1
 C
sin x  cos x
Question 15:
Integrate tan3 2x sec2x
Solution 15:
tan3 2x sec2x  tan2 2x tan 2x sec2x
  sec2 2 x 1 tan 2 x sec 2 x
 sec2 2 x.tan 2 x sec 2 x  tan 2 x sec 2 x
  tan3 2 x sec 2 x dx   sec2 2 x.tan 2 x sec 2 x dx   tan 2 x sec 2 xdx
sec 2 x
  sec2 2 x.tan 2 x sec 2 x dx  C
2
Let sec 2 x  t
 2sec 2 x tan 2 xdx  dt
1 sec 2 x
  tan3 2 x sec 2 xdx   t 2 dt  C
2 2
t 3 sec 2 x
  C
6 2
sec 2x 
3
sec 2 x
  C
6 2
Question 16:
Integrate tan 4 x
Solution 16:
tan 4 x
 tan 2 x.tan 2 x
  sec2 x  1 tan 2 x
 sec2 x tan 2 x  tan 2 x
 sec2 x tan 2 x   sec2 x 1
 sec2 x tan2 x  sec2 x 1
  tan 4 xdx   sec2 x tan 2 xdx   sec2 xdx  1.dx
  sec2 x tan 2 xdx  tan x  x  C ... 1
Consider  sec2 x tan 2 xdx
Let tan x  1  sec2 xdx  dt
t 3 tan3 x
  sec2 x tan 2 xdx   t 2dt  
3 3
From equation (1), we obtain
1
 tanxdx  tan3 x  tan x  x  C
4
3
Question 17:
sin3 x  cos3 x
Integrate
sin 2 x cos2 x
Solution 17:
sin3 x  cos3 x sin3 x cos3 x
 
sin 2 x cos2 x sin 2 x cos2 x sin 2 x cos2 x
sin x cos x
 
cos2 x sin 2 x
 tan x sec x  cot x cos ecx
sin3 x  cos3 x
 dx    tan x sec x  cot x cos ecx  dx
sin 2 x cos2 x
 sec x  cos ecx  C
Question 18:
cos 2 x  2sin 2 x
Integrate
cos2 x
Solution 18:
cos2 x
cos 2x  1  cos 2 x 
 2
cos 2x  1  2sin 2 x 
cos x
1

cos2 x
 sec2 x
 2
dx   sec2 xdx  tan x  C
cos x
Question 19:
1
Integrate
sin x cos3 x
Solution 19:
1 sin 2 x  cos2 x

sin x cos3 x sin x cos3 x
sin x 1
 3

cos x sin x cos x
1/ cos2 x
 tan x sec2 x 
sin x cos x
cos2 x
sec2 x
 tan x sec x 2
tan x
1 sec2 x
 dx   tan x sec 2
xdx   tan x dx
sin x cos3 x
Let tan x  1  sec2 xdx  dt
1 1
 3
dx   tdt   dt
sin x cos x t
2
t
  log t  C
2
1
 tan 2 x  log tan x  C
2
Question 20:
cos 2 x
Integrate
 cos x  sin x 
2
Solution 20:
cos 2 x cos 2 x cos 2 x
 
 cos x  sin x  cos x  sin x  2sin x cos x 1  sin 2 x
2 2 2
cos 2 x cos 2 x
 dx   dx
2
1  sin 2 x 
Let 1  sin 2 x  t
 2cos 2 xdx  dt
cos 2 x 1 1
 dx   dt
2
2 t
1
 log t  C
2
1
 log 1  sin 2 x  C
2
1
 log  sin x  cos x   C
2
2
 log sin x  cos x  C
Question 21:
Integrate sin 1  cos x 
Solution 21:
sin 1  cos x 
Let cos x  t
Then, sin x  1  t 2
   sin x  dx  dt
dt
dx 
sin x
dt
dx 
1 t 2
 dt 
  sin 1  cos x  dx   sin 1 t  
 1 t 
2
sin 1 t
  dt
1 t2
Let sin 1 t  u
1
 dt  du
1 t 2
  sin 1 (cos x)dx    4du
u2
 C
2
  sin1 t 
2
 C
2
 sin 1  cos x 
2
 C ... 1
2
It is known that,

sin -1 x  cos1 x 
2
  
sin -1  cos x   cos1  cos x     x 
2 2 
Substituting in equation (1), we obtain

2

   x
2 
 sin (cos x)dx  2  C
1
12 
    x2   x   C
2 2 
2 x2 1
  xC

8 2 2
 x x2  2 
   C  
2 2  8 
 x x2
   C1
2 2
Question 22:
1
Integrate
cos  x  a  cos  x  b 
Solution 22:
1 1  sin  a  b  
  
cos  x  a  cos  x  b  sin  a  b   cos  x  a  cos  x  b  
1  sin  x  b    x  a  

  
sin  a  b   cos  x  a  cos  x  b  
1 sin  x  b  cos  x  a   cos  x  b  sin  x  a 


sin  a  b  cos  x  a  cos  x  b 
1
  tan  x  b   tan  x  a 
sin  a  b  
1 1
  tan  x  b   tan  x  a  dx
sin  a  b   
dx 
cos  x  a  cos  x  b 
1
  log cos  x  b   log cos  x  a  
sin  a  b  
1  cos  x  a  
 log  C
sin  a  b   cos  x  b  
Question 23:
sin 2 x  cos2 x
 sin2 x cos2 x dx is equal to
(A) tan x + cot x + C (B) tan x + cosec x + C

(C) -tan x + cot x + C (D) tan x + sec x + C
Solution 23:
sin 2 x  cos2 x  sin 2 x cos2 x 
 sin2 x cos2 x dx    sin 2 x cos2 x  sin 2 x cos2 x dx
   sec2 x  cos ec2 x  dx
 tan x  cot x  C
Question 24:
e x 1  x 
 cos2 ex x dx equals
 
(A) –cot (exx) + C (B) tan (xex) + C
(C) tan (ex) + C (D) cot (ex) + C
Solution 24:
e x 1  x 
 cos2 ex x dx
 
Let exx = t

 ex .x  e x .1 dx  dt 
e  x  1 dx  dt
x
e x 1  x  dt
 dx  
cos  e x 
2 x
cos2 t
  sec2 tdt
 tan t  C
 tan  e x .x   C
Exercise 7.4
Question 1:
3x 2
Integrate
x6  1
Solution 1:
Let x3 = t
 3x2 dx = dt
3x 2 dt
  6 dx   2
x 1 t 1
-1
= tan t + C
= tan-1 (x3) + C
Question 2:
1
Integrate
1  4x 2
Solution 2:
Let 2x = t
 2dx = dt
1 1 dt
 dx  
1  4 x2 2 1 t 2
 
 log t  t 2  1   C
1 1
 2 dt  log x  x 2  a 2 
2    x a
2

1
 log 2 x  4 x 2  1  C
2
Question 3:
1
Integrate
2  x 1
2
Solution 3:
Let 2 − x = t
⇒ −dx = dt
1 1
 dx   dt
   
2 2
2 x 1 t 1
 1 2 
  log t  t 2  1  C   2 2 dt  log x  x  a 
2
 x a 
  log 2  x  2  x 1  C
2
1
 log C
2  x  x2  4 x  5
Question 4:
1
Integrate
9  25x 2
Solution 4:
Let 5x = t
 5dx = dt
1 1 1
 dx   dt
9  25x 2 5 3 t
2 2
1 t
 sin 1    C
5  3
1  5x 
 sin 1    C
5  3
Question 5:
3x
Integrate
1  2 x4
Solution 5:
Let 2 x2  t
 2 2 xdx  dt
3x 3 dt
 dx  
1  2x 4
2 2 1 t
2
3
  tan 1 t   C
2 2

3
2 2
 
tan 1 2 x2  C
Question 6:
x2
Integrate
1  x6
Solution 6:
Let x3 = t
 3x2 dx = dt
x2 1 dt
 dx  
1 x 6
3 1 t 2
1 1 1 t 
  log  C
3 2 1 t 
1 1  x3
 log C
6 1  x3
Question 7:
x 1
Integrate
x2 1
Solution 7:
x 1 x 1
 x2 1dx   x2 1dx   x2 1dx ... 1
x
For  dx, let x 2  1  t  2 xdx  dt
x 1
2
x 1 dt
 dx  
x2 1 2 t
1  12
2
 t dt
1  12 
  2t 
2 
 t
 x2  1
From (1), we obtain
x 1 x 1  x 2 
 x2 1dx   x2 1dx   x2 1dx  2 2 dt  log x  x  a 
2
 x a 
 x2 1  log x  x2 1  C
Question 8:
x2
Integrate
x6  a6
Solution 8:
Let x3 = t
⇒ 3x2 dx = dt
x2 1 dt
 dx  
x6  a6 3 t 2  a3
 
2
1
 log t  t 6  a6  C
3
1
 log x3  x6  a6  C
3
Question 9:
sec2 x
Integrate
tan 2 x  4
Solution 9:
Let tan x = t
∴ sec2 x dx = dt
sec2 x dt
 dx  
tan 2 x  4 t 2  22
 log t  t 2  4  C
 log tan x  tan 2 x  4  C

Question 10:
1
Integrate
x2  2 x  2
Solution 10:
1 1
 dx   dx
x  2x  2  x  1  1
2 2 2
Let x+1=t
 dx=dt
1 1
 dx   dt
x2  2 x  2 t 2 1
 log t  t 2  1  C
 log  x  1   x  1 1  C
2
 log  x  1  x2  2x  2  C
Question 11:
1
Integrate
9 x2  6 x  5
Solution 11:
1 1
 9 x2  6 x  5
dx  
(3x  1)2  22
dx
Let  3x  1  t
3dx  dt
1 1 1
 (3x  1)  22 2
dx  
3 t  22
2
dt
1
 log | t  t 2  22 | C
3
1
 log | (3x  1)  (3x  1)2  22 | C
3
Question 12:
1
Integrate
7  6x  x2
Solution 12:
7 – 6x – x2 can be written as 7  x2  6 x  9  9  
Therefore,

7  x2  6 x  9  9 
 16   x  6 x  9 
2
 16   x  3
2
  4    x  3
2 2
1 1
 dx   dx
7  6 x  x2  4   x  3
2 2
Let x  3  1
 dx  dt
1 1
 dx   dt
 4   x  3  4   t 
2 2 2 2
t
 sin 1    C
4
 x 3
 sin 1  C
 4 
Question 13:
1
Integrate
 x 1 x  2
Solution 13:
(x – 1) (x – 2) can be written as x2  3x  2 .
Therefore,
x2  3x  2
9 9
 x 2  3x    2
4 4
2
 3 1
x  
 2 4
2 2
 3 1
  x    
 2  2
1 1
 dx   dx
 x 1 x  2  3
2
   1
2
 x    
 2  2
3
Let x   t
2
 dx  dt
1 1
 dx   dt
2 2 2
 3 1  1 
 x     t2   
 2    2 2
2
1
 log t  t 2     C
2
 3
 log  x    x2  3x  2  C
 2
Question 14:
1
Integrate
8  3x  x2
Solution 14:
 9 9
8  3x  x2 can be written as 8   x2  3x   
 4 4
Therefore,
 9 9
8   x 2  3x   
 4 4
2
41  3
  x  
4  2
1 1
 dx   dx
8  3x  x 2 41  3
2
 x  
4  2
3
Let x   t
2
 dx  dt
1 1
 dx   dt
41  3
2
 41  2
x    t
4  2  4
 
 t 
 sin 1  C
 41 
 
 2 
 3
 x 
 sin 1  2 C
 41 
 
 2 
 2x  3 
 sin 1  C
 41 
Question 15:
1
Integrate
 x  a  x  b 
Solution 15:
 x  a  x  b can be written as x2   a  b x  ab .
Therefore,
x2   a  b  x  ab
 a  b  a  b
2 2
 x   a  b
2
x   ab
4 4
  a  b   a  b 
2 2
 x    
  2  4
1 1
 ( x  a)( x  b) dx   2
dx
  a  b  (a  b) 2
 x   2   4
  
 ab 
Let x   t
 2 
 dx  dt
1 1
 dx   dt
 a b
2 2
  a  b  (a  b) 2
 x   2   4 t2   
    2 
 a b
2
 log t  t  
2
 C
 2 
  a  b 
 log  x      x  a  x  b  C
  2 
Question 16:
4x 1
Integrate
2 x2  x  3
Solution 16:
Let 2x2 + x − 3 = t
∴ (4x + 1) dx = dt
4x  1 1
 dx   dt
2x  x  3
2
t
 2 t C
 2 2 x2  x  3  C
Question 17:
x2
Integrate
x2 1
Solution 17:
Let x + 2 = A
d 2
dx
 x 1  B ... 1
 x  2  A  2x   B
Equating the coefficients of x and constant terms on both sides, we obtain
1
2A  1 A 
2
B2
From (1), we obtain
1
 x  2   2 x   2
2
1
x2  2x   2
Then,  dx   2 dx
x2 1 x2 1
1 2x 2
  dx   dx ...  2
2 x2 1 x2 1
1 2x
In  dx let x2 1  t  2 xdx  dt
2 x 1
2
1 2x 1 dt
2  x 1
2
dx = 
2 t
1
  2 t 
2
 t
 x2  1
2 1
Then, 
x 1
dx  2
2
x 1
2
dx  2log x  x2 1

x2
 x2 1dx  x 1  2log x  x 1  C
2 2
Question 18:
5x  2
Integrate
1  2 x  3x 2
Solution 18:
Let 5x  2 = A
d
dx
1  2x  3x2   B
 5x  2  A  2  6 x   B
Equating the coefficient of x and constant term on both sides, we obtain
5
5  6A  A 
6
11
2 A  B  2  B  
3
5  11 
5x  2   2  6 x     
6  3
5 11
5x  2  2  6x 
 dx   6 3 dx
1  2 x  3x 2
1  2 x  3x 2
5 2  6x 11 1
  dx   dx
6 1  2 x  3x 2
3 1  2 x  3x 2
2  6x 1
Let I1   dx and I 2   dx
1  2 x  3x 2
1  2 x  3x 2
5x  2 5 11
 dx  I1  I 2 ... 1
1  2 x  3x 2
6 3
2  6x
I1   dx
1  2 x  3x 2
Let 1  2x  3x2  t
  2  6x  dx  dt
dt
 I1  
t
I1  log t
I1  log 1  2 x  3x 2 ...  2 
1
I2   dx
1  2 x  3x 2
 2 
1  2 x  3x 2 can be written as 1+3  x 2  x 
 3 
Therefore,
 2 
1+3 x2  x 
 3 
 2 1 1
 1  3  x2  x   
 3 9 9
2
 1 1
 1 3 x   
 3 3
2
2  1
  3 x  
3  3
 1  2
2
 3  x    
 3  9 
 1  2  
2 2
 3  x      
 3   3  
 
1 1
I2   dx
3  2
 
2

 x    
1 2
 
 3  3  

  1 
  x  
1 1
  tan 1  3 
3 2  2 
 3  
 3  
1 3  3x  1  
  tan 1  
3 2  2 
1  3x  1 
 tan 1   ...  3
2  2 
Substituting equations (2) and (3) in equation (1), we obtain
5x  2 5 11  1 1  3 x  1  
 1  2 x  3x2 dx  6 log 1  2 x  3x   3  2 tan  2   C
2
5 11  3x  1 
 log 1  2 x  3x 2  tan 1  C
6 3 2  2 
Question 19:
6x  7
Integrate
 x  5 x  4
Solution 19:
6x  7 6x  7

 x  5 x  4 x2  9 x  20
Let 6x  7 = A
d 2
dx
 x  9x  20  B
 6 x  7  A  2x  9  B
Equating the coefficients of x and constant term, we obtain
2A = 6 ⇒ A = 3
−9A + B = 7 ⇒ B = 34
∴ 6x + 7 = 3 (2x − 9) + 34
6x  7 3  2 x  9  34
 x2  9x  20   x2  9x  20 dx
2x  9 1
 3 dx  34 dx
x  9 x  20
2
x  9 x  20
2
2x  9 1
x  9 x  20
2
x  9 x  20
2
6x  7
  3I1  34I 2 1
x2  9 x  20
Then,
2x  9
I1   dx
x  9 x  20
2
Let x2  9 x  20  t
  2 x  9 dx  dt
dt
 I1 
t
I1  2 t
I1  2 x2  9 x  20 ...  2
1
and I 2   dx
x2  9x  20
81 81
x2  9 x  20 can be written as x2  9x  20   .
4 4
Therefore,
81 81
x2  9x  20  
4 4
2
 9 1
x  
 2 4
2 2
 9 1
  x    
 2 2
1
 I2   2 2
dx
 9 1
 x    
 2  2
 9
I 2  log  x    x2  9 x  20 ...  3
 2
Substituting equations (2) and (3) in (1), we obtain
6x  7  9 
 x2  9x  20 dx  3 2 x  9x  20   34log  x  2   x  9x  20   C
2 2
 9 
 6 x2  9 x  20  34log  x    x2  9x  20   C
 2 
Question 20:
x2
Integrate
4 x  x2
Solution 20:
Let x + 2 = A
d
dx
 4 x  x2   B
 x  2  A 4  2x   B
Equating the coefficients of x and constant term on both sides, we obtain
1
2 A  1  A  
2
4A  B  2  B  4
1
  x  2    4  2 x   4
2
1
  4  2x   4
x2
 dx   2 dx
4x  x 2
4x  x2
1 4  2x 1
  dx  4 dx
2 4x  x 2
4 x  x2
4  2x 1
Let I1   dx and I 2  dx
4x  x 2
4x  x2
x2 1
 dx   I1  4I 2 …. (1)
4 x  x2 2
4  2x
Then, I1   dx
4 x  x2
Let 4 x  x 2  t
  4  2 x  dx  dt
dt
 I1    2 t  2 4 x  x2 ...  2
t
1
I2   dx
4 x  x2
 4 x  x2    4 x  x2 
  4 x  x2  4  4
 4   x  2
2
  2   x  2
2 2
1  x2
 I2   dx  sin 1   ...  3
 2   x  2  2 
2 2
Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), we obtain

x2
4 x  x2
dx  
1
2
   x2
2 4 x  x2  4sin 1 
 2 
C
 x2
  4 x  x2  4sin 1  C
 2 
Where C is an arbitrary constant
Question 21:
x2
Integrate
x  2x  3
2
Solution 21:
x2 1 2  x  2
 x2  2x  3 2  x2  2x  3dx
dx 
1 2x  4
  dx
2 x  2x  3
2
1 2x  2 1 2
  dx   dx
2 x  2x  3
2 2 x  2x  3
2
1 2x  2 1
  dx   dx
2 x2  2x  3 x2  2x  3
2x  2 1
x2  2 x  3 x2  2 x  3
x2 1
 dx  I1  I 2 ...1
x  2x  3
2 2
2x  2
Then, I1   dx
x  2x  3
2
Let x2 + 2x +3 = t
⇒ (2x + 2) dx =dt
dt
I1    2 t  2 x2  2 x  3 ...  2
t
1
I2   dx
x  2x  3
2
 x2  2x  3  x2  2x  1  2   x  1   2
2 2
1
 I2   dx  log  x  1  x2  2 x  3 ...  3
 x  1  2
2

2

x2 1
 x2  2x  3dx  2 2 x  2x  3   log  x 1  x  2x  3  C
2 2
 x2  2 x  3  log  x  1  x2  2 x  3  C
Question 22:
x3
Integrate 2
x  2x  5
Solution 22:
Let  x  3  A
d 2
dx
 x  2 x  5  B
 x  3  A 2x  2  B
Equating the coefficients of x and constant term on both sides, we obtain
1
2A  1 A 
2
2 A  B  3  B  4
1
 ( x  3)   2 x  2   4
2
1
x3  2x  2  4
 2 dx   22 dx
x  2x  5 x  2x  5
1 2x  2 1
  2 dx  4 2 dx
2 x  2x  5 x  2x  5
2x  2 1
Let I1   2 dx and I 2   2 dx
x  2x  5 x  2x  5
x3 1
 2 dx  I1  4I 2 ... 1
x  2x  5 2
2x  2
Then, I1   2 dx
x  2x  5
Let x2  2x  5 = t
  2x  2 dx  dt
dt
 I1    log t  log x2  2x  5 ...  2
t
1
I2   2 dx
x  2x  5
1
 2 dx
( x  2 x  1)  6
1
 dx
( x  1)  ( 6)2
2
1  x 1  6 
 log   ...  3
2 6  x  1  6 
Substituting (2) and (3) in (1), we obtain
x3 1 4 x 1  6
x 2
 2x  5
dx  log x2  2 x  5 
2 2 6
log
x 1  6
C
1 2 x 1  6
 log x2  2 x  5  log C
2 6 x 1  6
Where C is an arbitrary constant.
Question 23:
5x  3
Integrate
x2  4 x  10
Solution 23:
Let 5x  3  A
d 2
dx
 x  4x 10  B
 5x  3  A  2 x  4   B
5
2A  5  A 
2
4 A  B  3  B  7
5
5 x  3   2x  4  7
2
5
5x  3  2 x  4  7
 dx   2 dx
x2  4 x  10 x2  4 x  10
5 2x  4 1
  dx  7 dx
2 x2  4 x  10 x2  4 x  10
2x  4 1
x  4 x  10
2
x  4x  10
2
5x  3 5
 dx  I1  7I 2 ….(1)
x  4 x  10
2 2
2x  4
Then, I1   dx
x2  4 x  10
Let x2  4x  10 = t
 2 x  4 dx  dt
dt
 I1    2 t  2 x2  4 x  10 ...  2 
t
1
I2   dx
x2  4 x  10
1
 dx
x 2
 4x  4  6
1
 dx
 x  2  6
2

2
 log | ( x  2)  x2  4 x  10 | … (3)
5x  3 5
 x2  4x 10 dx  2 2 x  4x 10   7log  x  2 x  4x 10  C
2 2
 5 x2  4x  10  7log  x  2 x2  4 x  10  C
Question 24:
dx
 x2  2x  2 equals
(A) x tan-1 (x + 1) + C (B) tan-1 (x + 1) + C
(C) (x + 1) tan-1 x + C (D) tan-1 x + C
Solution 24:
dx dx
 x2  2 x  2   x2  2 x  1  1
 
1
 dx
 x  1  1
2 2
  tan 1  x  1  C
Question 25:
dx
 9 x  4 x2
equals
1  9x  8  1 1  8x  9 
(A) sin 1  C (B) sin  C
9  8  2  9 
1  9x  8  1  9x  8 
(C) sin 1  C (D) sin 1  C
3  8  2  9 
Solution 25:
dx
 9 x  4 x2
1
 dx
 2 9 
4  x  x 
 4 
1
 dx
 2 9 81 81 
4  x  x   
 4 64 64 
1
 dx
 2
9 9
2

4  x      
 8   8  
  9 
x    
1  1  dy y
 sin  8 C
   sin 1  C 
2  9    a2  y2 a 
 
  8  
1  8x  9 
 sin 1  C
2  9 
Exercise 7.5
Question 1:
x
Integrate
 x  1 x  2
Solution 1:
x A B
Let  
 x  1 x  2  x  1  x  2
 x  A  x  2  B  x  1
A+B=1
2A + B = 0
On solving, we obtain
A = −1 and B = 2
x 1 2
  
 x  1 x  2  x  1  x  2
x 1 2
 dx    dx
 x  1 x  2  x  1  x  2
  log x  1  2log x  2  C
 log  x  2   log x  1  C
2
 x  2
2
 log C
 x  1
Question 2:
1
Integrate
x 9
2
Solution 2:
1 A B
Let  
 x  3 x  3  x  3  x  3
1  A x  3  B  x  3
A+B=0
−3A + 3B = 1
1 1
A   and B 
6 6
1 1 1
  
 x  3 x  3 6  x  3 6  x  3
1  1 1 
 dx    6  x  3 6  x  3 dx
 
( x2  9)  
1 1
  log x  3  log x  3  C
6 6
1  x  3
 log C
6  x  3
Question 3:
3x  1
Integrate
 x 1 x  2 x  3
Solution 3:
3x  1 A B C
Let   
 x 1 x  2 x  3  x 1  x  2  x  3
3x 1  A x  2 x  3  B  x 1 x  3  C  x 1 x  2 ... 1
Equating the coefficients of x2, x and constant term, we obtain

A+B+C=0
– 5A – 4B – 3C = 3
6A + 3B + 2C = – 1
Solving these equations, we obtain
A = 1, B = −5, and C = 4
3x  1 1 5 4
   
 x 1 x  2 x  3  x 1  x  2  x  3
3x  1 
 1 5 4  
 dx      dx
 x 1 x  2 x  3 
  x  1  x  2   x  3  

 log x 1  5log x  2  4log x  3  C
Question 4:
x
Integrate
 x 1 x  2 x  3
Solution 4:
x A B C
Let   
 x 1 x  2 x  3  x 1  x  2  x  3
x  A x  2 x  3  B  x 1 x  3  C  x 1 x  2 ... 1
A+B+C=0
–5A – 4B – 3C = 1
6A + 4B + 2C = 0
1 3
A  , B  2 and C 
2 2
x 1 2 3
   
 x 1 x  2 x  3 2  x 1  x  2 2  x  3
x 
 1 2 3  
 dx       dx
 x 1 x  2 x  3  2  x 1  x  2  2  x  3 
 
1 3
 log x 1  2log x  2  log x  3  C
2 2
Question 5:
2x
Integrate
x  3x  2
2
Solution 5:
2x A B
Let 2  
x  3x  2  x  1  x  2 
2x  A  x  2  B  x  1 ... 1
A+B=2
2A + B = 0
A = −2 and B = 4
2x 2 4
  
 x  1 x  2  x  1  x  2
2x 
 4 2  
 dx     dx
 x  1 x  2   x  2  x  1 
 
 4log x  2  2log x  1  C
Question 6:
1  x2
Integrate
x 1  2 x 
Solution 6:
It can be seen that the given integrand is not a proper fraction.
Therefore, on dividing (1 – x2) by x(1 − 2x), we obtain
1  x2 1 1 2 x 
   
x(1  2 x) 2 2  x(1  2 x) 
2 x A B
Let  
x 1  2 x  x 1  2 x 
  2  x   A 1  2x   Bx ... 1
–2A + B = –1
And A = 2
A = 2 and B = 3
2 x 2 3
  
x 1  2 x  x 1  2 x
Substituting in equation (1), we obtain
1  x2 1 1 2 3 
    
x(1  2 x) 2 2  x (1  2 x) 
1  x2 1 1  2 3 
 x(1  2x)   2 2  x (1  2x) dx
dx     
x 3
  log x  log 1  2 x  C
2 2  2
x 3
  log x  log 1  2 x  C
2 4
Question 7:
x
Integrate
 x 1  x 1
2
Solution 7:
x Ax  B C
Let 2  2 

x  1  x 1 
x  1  x 1 
x   Ax  B  x 1  C  x2  1
x  Ax2  Ax  Bx  B  Cx2  C
Equating the coefficients of x2, x, and constant term, we obtain
A+C=0
−A + B = 1
−B + C = 0
On solving these equations, we obtain
1 1 1
A   , B  , and C 
2 2 2
 1 1 1
  x 
 2
x 2 2
 2  2
 
x  1  x  1 x  1  x 1
x 1 x 1 1 1 1
    2 dx   2 dx   dx
 x 1  x 1 2 x 1 2 x 1 2 x 1
2
1 2x 1 1
 
4 x 12
dx  tan 1 x  log x 1  C
2 2
Consider  2 dx, let  x2  1  t  2 xdx  dt
2x
x 1
2x dt
  2 dx    log t  log x2  1
x 1 t
x 1 1 1
 2   log x2  1  tan 1 x  log x 1  C
 x 1  x 1 4 2 2
1 1 1
 log x 1  log x2  1  tan 1 x  C
2 4 2
Question 8:
x
Integrate
 x 1  x  2
2
Solution 8:
x A B C
Let   
 x 1  x  2  x 1  x 1  x  2
2 2
x  A  x 1 x  2  B  x  2  C  x 1
2

A+C=0
A + B – 2C = 1
−2A + 2B + C = 0
2 2
A  and C 
9 9
1
B
3
x 2 1 2
   
 x 1  x  2 9  x 1 3 x 1 9  x  2
2 2
x 2 1 1 1 2 1
 dx   dx   dx   dx
 x  1  x  2
2
9  x  1 3  x  1 2
9  x  2
2 1  1  2
 log x 1     log x  2  C
9 3  x 1  9
2 x 1 1
 log  C
9 x  2 3  x 1
Question 9:
3x  5
Integrate
x  x2  x  1
3
Solution 9:
3x  5 3x  5

x  x  x  1  x  12  x  1
3 2
3x  5 A B C
Let   
( x  1) ( x  1) ( x  1) ( x  1) ( x  1)
2 2
3x  5  A( x  1)( x  1)  B( x  1)  C( x  1)2
3x  5  A( x2  1)  B( x  1)  C( x2  1  2x) ….(1)
2
Equating the coefficients of x , x and constant term, we obtain
A+C=0
B − 2C = 3
–A+B+C=5
B=4
1 1
A   and C 
2 2
3x  5 1 4 1
   
 x 1  x  1 2  x 1  x 1 2  x  1
2 2
3x  5 1 1 1 1 1
 dx    dx  4 dx   dx
 x 1  x  1
2
2 x 1  x 1
2
2  x  1
1  1  1
  log x 1  4    log x  1  C
2  x 1  2
1 x 1 4
 log  C
2 x 1  x 1
Question 10:
2x  3
Integrate
 x 1  2x  3
2
Solution 10:
2x  3 2x  3

 
x  1  2 x  3  x  1 x  1 2 x  3
2
2x  3 A B C
Let   
 x  1 x 1 2x  3  x 1  x 1  2x  3
  2x  3  A  x 1 2x  3  B  x  1 2x  3  C  x  1 x 1
  2x  3  A(2x2  x  3)  B(2x2  5x  3)  C( x2  1)
  2x  3  (2 A  2B  C) x2  ( A  5B) x  (3A  3B  C)
Equating the coefficients of x2, x and constant, we obtain
2A + 2B + C = 0
A + 5B = 2
– 3A + 3B – C = – 3
1 5 24
B   , A  , and C=-
10 2 5
2x  3 5 1 24
   
 x  1 x 1 2x  3 2  x  1 10  x 1 5  2 x  3
2x  3 5 1 1 1 24 1
 2 dx   dx   dx   dx
 x 1  2x  3 2  x 1 10 x 1 5  2x  3
5 1 24
 log x  1  log x 1  log 2 x  3
2 10 5 2
5 1 12
 log x  1  log x 1  log 2 x  3  C
2 10 5
Question 11:
5x
Integrate
 x  1  x2  4
Solution 11:
5x 5x

 
 x  1 x  4  x  1 x  2 x  2
2
5x A B C
Let   
 x  1 x  2 x  2  x  1  x  2  x  2
5x  A x  2 x  2  B  x  1 x  2  C  x  1 x  2 ... 1
Equating the coefficients of x2, x and constant, we obtain
A+B+C=0
– B + 3C = 5 and
– 4A – 2B + 2C = 0
5 5 5
A  , B   , and C 
3 2 6
5x 5 5 5
   
 x  1 x  2 x  2 3 x  1 2  x  2 6  x  2
5x 5 1 5 1 5 1
 dx   dx   dx   dx
 x  1  x  4
2
3  x  1 2  x  2 6  x  2
5 5 5
 log x  1  log x  2  log x  2  C
3 2 6
Question 12:
x3  x  1
Integrate
x2  1
Solution 12:
It can be seen that the given integrand is not a proper fraction.

Therefore, on dividing (x3 + x + 1) by x2 − 1, we obtain
x3  x  1 2x 1
 x 2
x 1
2
x 1
2x  1 A B
Let 2  
x 1  x  1  x 1
2x  1  A  x 1  B  x  1 ... 1
Equating the coefficients of x and constant, we obtain
A+B=2
–A+B=1
1 3
A  and B 
2 2
x  x 1
3
1 3
 2  x 
x 1 2  x  1 2  x 1
x3  x  1 1 1 3 1
 dx   xdx   dx   dx
x 1
2
2  x  1 2  x 1
x2 3
  log x  1  log x 1  C
2 2
Question 13:
2
Integrate
1  x  1  x2 
Solution 13:
2 A Bx  C
Let  
 
1  x  1  x 1  x  1  x2
2
 
2  A 1  x2    Bx  C 1  x 
2  A  Ax2  Bx  Bx2  C  Cx
Equating the coefficient of x2, x, and constant term, we obtain
A−B=0
B−C=0
A+C=2
A = 1, B = 1, and C = 1
2 1 x 1
  
1  x  1  x  1  x 1  x2
2
2 1 x 1
 dx   dx   dx   dx
1  x  1  x 
2
1 x 1 x 2
1  x2
1 1 2x 1
  dx   dx   dx
1 x 2 1 x 2
1  x2
1
  log x  1  log 1  x2  tan 1 x  C
2
Question 14:
3x  1
Integrate
 x  2
2
Solution 14:
3x  1 A B
Let  
 x  2  x  2  x  2
2 2
 3x 1  A x  2  B
Equating the coefficient of x and constant term, we obtain
A=3
2A + B = −1 ⇒ B = −7
3x  1 3 7
  
 x  2  x  2  x  2
2 2
3x  1 1 1
 dx  3 dx  7 dx
 x  2
2
 x  2  x  2
2
 1 
 3log x  2  7    C
  x  2  
7
 3log x  2  C
 x  2
Question 15:
1
Integrate 4
x 1
Solution 15:
1 1 1
 2 

x 1
4
   
x  1 x  1  x  1 x  1 1  x2
2
 
1 A B Cx  D
Let    2
 x  1 x 1 1  x   x  1  x 1  x  1
2
1  A  x  1 1  x 2   B  x  1 1  x 2    Cx  D   x 2  1
1  A  x3  x  x 2  1  B  x3  x  x 2  1  Cx3  Dx 2  Cx  D
1   A  B  C  x3    A  B  D  x 2   A  B  C  x    A  B  D 
Equating the coefficient of x3, x2, x, and constant term, we obtain
A B C  0
A B  D  0
A B C  0
A B  D 1
1 1 1
A   , B  , C  0, and D  
4 4 2
1 1 1 1
 4   
( x  1) 4( x  1) 4( x  1) 2( x  1)
2
1 1 1 1
  4 dx   log x 1  log x 1  tan1 x  C
x 1 4 4 2
1 x 1 1 1
 log  tan x  C
4 x 1 2
Question 16:
1
Integrate
x  x n  1
[Hint: multiply numerator and denominator by xn-1 and put xn = t]
Solution 16:
1

x xn  1 
Multiplying numerator and denominator by xn-1, we obtain
1 xn 1 xn 1
 
x( xn  1) xn 1x( xn  1) xn ( xn  1)
Let xn = t  n xn-1 dx = dt
1 xn1 1 1
 dx   dx   dt
x  x  1
n
x  x  1
n n
n t  t  1
1 A B
Let  
t  t  1 t  t  1
1  A 1  t   Bt ... 1
Equating the coefficients of t and constant, we obtain
A = 1 and B = −1
1 1 1
  
t  t  1 t 1  t 
1 1 1 1  
 dx     dx
x  x  1
n
n  t 1  t  

1
 log t  log t  1   C
n
1
 log | xn |  log | xn  1|  C
n
1 xn
 log n C
n x 1
Question 17:
cos x
Integrate
1  sin x  2  sin x 
[Hint: Put sin x = t]
Solution 17:
cos x
1  sin x  2  sin x 
Let sin x  t  cos xdx  dt
cos x dt
 dx  
1  sin x  2  sin x  1  t  2  t 
1 A B
Let  
1  t  2  t  1  t   2  t 
1  A 2  t   B 1  t  ... 1
– A – B = 0 and
2A + B = 1
A = 1 and B = -1
1 1 1
  
1  t  2  t  1  t   2  t 
cos x 
 1 1  
 dx     dt
1  sin x  2  sin x  1  t  2  t  
 
  log 1  t   log 2  t  C
2t
 log C
1 t
2  sin x
 log C
1  sin x
Question 18:

x2  1 x2  2
Integrate 2
 

x  3 x2  4  
Solution 18:
 
x2  1 x2  2   1  4x  10 2
x  3 x  4
2 2
( x  3)( x  4)2 2
Let
 4x 10  Ax  B  Cx  D
2
 x  3 x  4  x  3  x  4
2 2 2 2
4 x  10   Ax  B   x  4  Cx  D   x
2 2 2
 3
4 x2  10  Ax3  4 Ax  Bx 2  4B  Cx3  3Cx  Dx 2  3D
4 x2  10   A  C  x3   B  D  x 2   4 A  3C  x   4B  3D 
Equating the coefficients of x3, x2, x and constant term, we obtain
A+C=0
B+D=4
4A + 3C = 0
4B + 3D = 10
A = 0, B = −2, C = 0, and D = 6
 2

4 x2  10
 2
2   2
6

x 3 x 4 2
 x 3  
x 4   
x 2
 1 x  2
2
 
 2

6 
1  
x 2
 3 x2  4  ( x  3) ( x  4) 
2 2

x 2
 1 x2  2 
 2 6  
x 2
 3 x  4
2
dx   1 
 2
 

 2
 
dx

 x 3 x 4 

 
 2 6 
  1   2 
 
x  22 
2
 x2  3
 
 1 x   1 1 x 
 x  2 tan 1   6  tan 2   C
 3 3 2 
2 x x
 x tan 1  3tan 1  C
3 3 2
Question 19:
2x
Integrate
 x 1 x2  3
2
Solution 19:
2x

x  1 x2  3
2
 
Let x2 = t ⇒ 2x dx = dt
2x dt
 2 dx   ... 1

x 1 x  3
2
 
t  1 t  3
1 A B
Let  
t  1t  3 t  1 t  3
1  At  3  B t  1 ...  2
A + B = 0 and 3A + B = 1
1 1
A  and B  
2 2
1 1 1
  
(t  1)(t  3) 2(t  1) 2(t  3)
2x 
 1 1  
 dx     dt
 x  1 x  3
2 2

 2  t  1 2  t  3 

1 1
 log  t  1  log t  3  C
2 2
1 t 1
 log C
2 t 3
1 x2  1
 log 2 C
2 x 3
Question 20:
1
Integrate
x  x 4  1
Solution 20:
1

x x4  1 
Multiplying numerator and denominator by x3, we obtain
1 x3

x  x4 1 x4  x4 1
1 x3
 dx   4 4 dx
x  x4 1 x  x 1
Let x4 = t ⇒ 4x3 dx = dt
1 1 dt
 dx  

x x4 1 4 t  t  1
1 A B
Let  
t  t  1 t  t  1
1  A  t  1  Bt ... 1
A + B = 0 and –A = 1
A = −1 and B = 1
1 1 1
  
t  t  1 t t  1
1 1  1 1 
 dx     dt
x  x  1
4
4  t t  1
1
  log t  log t  1   C
4
1 t 1
 log C
4 t
1 x4 1
 log 4  C
4 x
Question 21:
1
Integrate x

e 1 
x
[Hint: Put e = t]
Solution 21:
Let ex = t ⇒ ex dx = dt
1 1 dt 1
 x dx     dt

e 1  t 1 t t  t 1
1 A B
Let  
t  t  1 t t  1
1  A  t  1  Bt ... 1
A + B = 0 and –A = 1
A = −1 and B = 1
1 1 1
  
t  t  1 t t  1
1 t 1
 dt  log C
t  t  1 t
ex 1
 log C
ex
Question 22:
xdx
  x 1 x  2 equals
 x-1
2
A. log C
x2
 x-2
2
B. log C
x 1
 x 1 
2
C. log   C
 x2
D. log  x-1 x  2  C
Solution 22:
x A B
Let  
 x 1 x  2  x 1  x  2
x  A  x  2  B  x 1 ... 1
Equating the coefficients of x and constant, we obtain
A + B = 1 and –2A – B = 0
A = −1 and B = 2
x 1 2
  
 x 1 x  2  x 1  x  2
x 
 1 2  
 dx     dx
 x 1 x  2   x  1  x  2 
 
  log x  1  2 log x  2  C
 x  2
2
 log C
x 1
Question 23:
dx
 x x2  1 equals
 
A. log x  log  x 2  1  C
1
2
B. log x  log  x 2  1  C
1
2
C.  log x  log  x 2  1  C
1
2
D. log x  log  x 2  1  C
1
2
Solution 23:
1 A Bx  C
Let   2

x x 1
2
x x 1 
1  A x 2
 1   Bx  C  x
A+B=0
C=0
A=1
A = 1, B = −1, and C = 0
1 1 x
   2

x x 1 x x 1
2

1 1 x 
 dx     2 dx
x  x  1
2
 x x  1
1
 log x  log x2  1  C
2
Alter:
1  x 
 dx    2 2 dx
x x 1
2
 
 x ( x  1) 
2
Let x = t, therefore, 2x dx = dt
x 1 dt 1 (t  1)  t 1 1 1
 2 2 dx     dt    dt
x ( x  1) 2 t (t  1) 2 t (t  1) 2 t t 1
1
 [log t  log(t  1)]  C
2
1
 log x  log x2  1  C
2
Exercise 7.6
Question 1:
Integrate x sin x
Solution 1:
Let I =  x sin xdx
Taking x as first function and sin x as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain,
 d  
I = x  sin xdx    x   sin x dx dx
 dx  
 x   cos x   1.   cos x  dx
  x cos x  sin x  C
Question 2:
Integrate x sin 3x
Solution 2:
Let I =  x sin 3xdx
Taking x as first function and sin 3x as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
 d  
I  x  sin 3xdx    x   sin 3xdx 
 dx  
  cos3x    cos3x 
 x   1.  dx
 3   3 
 x cos3x 1
   cos3xdx
3 3
 x cos3x 1
  sin 3x  C
3 9
Question 3:
Integrate x2ex
Solution 3:
Let I   x2e x dx
Taking x2 as first function and ex as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
 d  
I  x2  e x dx    x2   e x dx  dx
 dx  
 x2e x   2 xe x dx
 x2e x  2 x  e x dx
Again integrating by parts, we obtain
  d   
 x2e x  2  x   e x dx    x   e x dx  dx 
  dx   
 x2e x  2  xe x   e x dx 
 x2e x  2  xe x  e x 
 x2e x  2 xe x  2e x  C
 ex  x2  2 x  2  C
Question 4:
Integrate x log x
Solution 4:
Let I   x log xdx
Taking log x as first function and x as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
 d  
I  log x  xdx    log x   xdx  dx
 dx  
x2 1 x2
 log x.   . dx
2 x 2
2
x log x x
   dx
2 2
2 2
x log x x
  C
2 4
Question 5:
Integrate x log 2x
Solution 5:
Let I   x log 2xdx
Taking log 2x as first function and x as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
 d  
I  log 2 x xdx    log 2x   xdx  dx
 dx  
x2 2 x2
 log 2 x.   . dx
2 2x 2
x2 log 2 x x
   dx
2 2
2 2
x log 2 x x
  C
2 4
Question 6:
Integrate x2 log x
Solution 6:
Let I   x2 log xdx
Taking log x as first function and x2 as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
 d  
I  log x x2dx    log x   x2dx  dx
 dx  
 x3  1 x3
 log x.     . dx
3 x 3
x3 log x x2
   dx
3 3
3 3
x log x x
  C
3 9
Question 7:
Integrate x sin 1 x
Solution 7:
Let I   x sin 1 xdx
Taking sin-1 x as first function and x as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
 d  
I  sin 1 x x dx    sin 1 x   x dx  dx
 dx  
 x2  1 x2
 sin 1 x     . dx
2 1  x2 2
x2 sin 1 x 1  x2
   dx
2 2 1  x2
x2 sin 1 x 1  1  x2 1 
    dx
2 2  1  x2 1  x2 
x2 sin 1 x 1  1 
    1  x2   dx
2 2  1  x2 
x2 sin 1 x 1  1 
   1  x2 dx   dx 
2 2 1  x2 
x2 sin 1 x 1  x 1 
   1  x2  sin 1 x  sin 1 x   C
2 2 2 2 
x2 sin 1 x x 1 1
  1  x2  sin 1 x  sin 1 x  C
2 4 4 2
  2 x2 1 in 1 x  1  x2  C
1 x
4 4
Question 8:
Integrate x tan 1 x
Solution 8:
Let I   x tan 1 x dx
Taking tan-1 x as first function and x as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
 d  
I  tan 1 x x dx    tan 1 x   x dx  dx
 dx  
 x2  1 x2
 tan x    
1
. dx
 2  1 x 2
2
x2 tan 1 x 1 x2
   dx
2 2 1  x2
x2 tan 1 x 1  x2  1 1 
     dx
2 2  1  x 1  x2 
2
x2 tan 1 x 1  1 
   1  dx
2 2  1  x2 
x2 tan 1 x 1
   x  tan 1 x   C
2 2
2
x x 1
 tan 1 x   tan 1 x  C
2 2 2
Question 9:
Integrate x cos1 x
Solution 9:
Let I   x cos1 xdx

Taking cos-1 x as first function and x as second function and integrating by parts,
we obtain
 d  
I  cos1 x  xdx    cos1 x   xdx  dx
 dx  
x2 1 x2
 cos1 x  . dx
2 1  x2 2
x2 cos1 x 1 1  x2  1
   dx
2 2 1  x2
x2 cos1 x 1   1  
    1  x2    dx
2 2   1  x  
2
x2 cos1 x 1 1  1 
   1  x2 dx    dx
2 2 2  1  x2 
x cos1 x 1  x 1  1
I   1  x2  sin 1 x   cos1 x
2 2 2 2  2
Question 10:
Integrate  sin 1 x 
2
Solution 10:
Let I    sin 1 x  .1dx
2
Taking (sin-1 x)2 as first function and 1 as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
d 
 
I   sin 1 x .1dx     
sin 1 x .1.dx  dx
2
 dx 
1

 sin 1 x .x   2sin x
2
.xdx
1  x2
 2 x 
 
 x sin 1 x   sin 1 x. 
2
dx
 1  x 2

 2 x  d  2 x  
 
 x sin 1 x  sin 1 x  dx    sin 1 x  
2
dx  dx 
 1  x2  dx  1  x2  
 
 x  sin 1 x   sin 1 x.2 1  x2  
2 1
.2 1  x2 dx 
 1  x2 
 x  sin 1 x   2 1  x2 sin 1 x   2dx
2
 x  sin 1 x   2 1  x2 sin 1 x  2x  C
2
Question 11:
x cos1 x
Integrate
1  x2
Solution 11:
x cos1 x
Let I   dx
1  x2
1 2 x
I  .cos1 xdx
2 1 x 2
 2 x 
Taking cos-1 x as first function and   as second function and integrating by parts, we
 1  x 2

obtain
1  2 x  d  2 x  
I  cos1 x  dx    cos1 x   dx  dx 
2  1  x2  dx  1  x2  
1  1 
 cos1 x.2 1  x2   .2 1  x2 dx 
2  1  x2 
1 
 2 1  x2 cos1 x   2dx 
2  
1
 2 1  x2 cos1 x  2 x   C
2  
   1  x2 cos1 x  x   C
 
Question 12:
Integrate x sec2 x
Solution 12:
Let I   x sec2 xdx
Taking x as first function and sec2 x as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
 d  
I  x sec2 xdx    x   sec2 xdx dx
 dx  
 x tan x  1.tan xdx
 x tan x  log cos x  C
Question 13:
Integrate tan 1 x
Solution 13:
1
Let I  1.tan xdx
Taking tan-1 x as first function and 1 as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
 d  
I  tan 1 x1dx    tan 1 x  1.dx  dx
 dx  
1
 tan 1 x.x   .xdx
1  x2
1 2x
 x tan 1 x   dx
2 1  x2
1
 x tan 1 x  log 1  x 2  C
2
 x tan 1 x  log 1  x 2   C
1
2
Question 14:
Integrate x  log x  dx
2
Solution 14:
I   x  log x  dx
2
Taking (log x)2 as first function and 1 as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
 d  
2
 
I   log   xdx    log x    xdx  dx
2
 dx
   
x2  1 x2 
  log x    2log x. . dx 
2
2  x 2 
x2
  log x    x log xdx
2
2
x2   d   
I   log x   log x  xdx    log x   xdx  dx 
2
2   dx   
x2  x2 1 x2 
  log x    log x    dx 
2
2 2 x 2 
x2 x2 1
  log x   log x   xdx
2
2 2 2
x2 x2 x2
     C
2
log x log x
2 2 4
Question 15:
 
Integrate x2  1 log x
Solution 15:
 
Let I   x2  1 log xdx   x2 log xdx   log xdx
Let I = I1 + I2 … (1)
Where, I1   x2 log xdx and I2   log xdx
I1   x2 log xdx
Taking log x as first function and x2 as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
 d  
I1  log x x2 dx    log x   x2 dx dx
 dx  
x3 1 x3
 log x.   . dx
3 x 3
 
3
x 1
 log x   x 2 dx
3 3
3
x x3
 log x   C1 ... 2
3 9
I2   log xdx
Taking log x as first function and 1 as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain
 d  
I 2  log x 1.dx    log x  1.dx 
 dx  
1
 log x.x   .xdx
x
 x log x   1dx
 x log x  x  C2 ...  3
x3 x3
I  log x   C1  x log x  x  C2
3 9
3 3
x x
 log x   x log x  x   C1  C2 
3 9
x 3
 x3
   x  log x   x  C
 3  9
Question 16:
Integrate ex  sin x  cos x 
Solution 16:
Let I   ex  sin x  cos x  dx
Let f (x) = sin x
f '  x   cos x
I   ex  f  x   f '  x  dx
It is known that,  ex  f  x   f '  x  dx  e x f  x   C
 I  ex sin x  C
Question 17:
xe x
Integrate
1  x 
2
Solution 17:
xe x  x 
x  
Let I   dx   e  2
dx
1  x    
2

 1 x 


1  x  1 
  ex  2
dx
 1  x  
 

 1 1  
  ex   2
dx

1  x 1  x  

1 1
Let f  x   f ' x 
1 x 1  x 
2
xe x
 dx   e x  f  x   f '  x  dx
1  x 
2

xe x ex
 dx  C
1  x  1 x
2
Question 18:
 1  sin x 
Integrate ex  
 1  cos x 
Solution 18:
 1  sin x 
ex  
 1  cos x 
 2x 2 x x x
 sin  cos  2sin cos
 ex  2 2 2 2

2 x
 2cos 
 2 
2
 x x
e x  sin  cos 
 
2 2
x
2 cos 2
2
2
 x x
 sin  cos 
1 2 2
 ex . 
2  x
cos 
 2 
2
1  x 
 e x  tan  1
2  2 
2
1  x
 e x 1  tan 
2  2
1  x x
 e x 1  tan 2  2 tan 
2  2 2
1  x x
 e x sec2  2 tan 
2  2 2
ex 1  sin x  dx 1 x x
 ex  sec2  tan  ... 1
1  cos x  2 2 2
x 1 x
Let tan  f  x so f '  x   sec2
2 2 2
It is known that,  e  f  x   f '  x  dx  e f  x   C
x x

ex 1  sin x  x
 1  cos x  dx  e tan 2  C
x
Question 19:
1 1 
Integrate e x   2 
x x 
Solution 19:
1 1 
Let I   e x   2  dx
x x 
1 1
Also, let  f  x  f ' x  2
x x
It is known that,  e  f  x   f '  x  dx  e x f  x   C
x
ex
I   C
x
Question 20:
Integrate
 x  3 e x
 x  1
3
Solution 20:

x  x 3 
  
x  x 1  2 
   x 13     x 13  dx
e dx  e
   

 1 2  
  ex   3
dx
     
2

 x 1 x 1 

1 2
Let f  x   f ' x 
 x 1  x 1
2 3

  x  3 
  ex
  ex   dx  C
     
2 2

 x 1 
 x 1
Question 21:
Integrate e2 x sin x
Solution 21:
Let I   e sin xdx ... 1
2x
Integrating by parts, we obtain

 d  
I  sin x  e2 x dx    sin x   e2 x dx  dx
 dx  
e2 x e2 x
 I  sin x.   cos x. dx
2 2
e2 x sin x 1 2 x
I    e cos xdx
2 2
e2 x sin x 1   d   
I  cos x  e2 x dx    cos x   e2 x dx  dx 
2 2  dx   
e2 x sin x 1  e2 x e2 x 
I   cos x.     sin x 
2 
dx
2 2 2
e2 x sin x 1  e2 x cos x 1 2 x 
I      e sin xdx 
2 2 2 2 
e2 x sin x e2 x cos x 1
I    I From 1
2 4 4
2x 2x
1 e sin x e cos x
I I  
4 2 4
2x 2x
5 e sin x e cos x
 I 
4 2 4
4  e sin x e cos x 
2x 2x
I    C
5 2 4 
e2 x
I  2sin x  cos x  C
5
Question 22:
 2x 
Integrate sin 1  2 
 1 x 
Solution 22:
Let x  tan  dx  sec2  d
 2x   2tan  
 sin 1   sin 1    sin (sin 2 )  2
1
2 
 1  x   1  tan 2
 
1  2 x 
 sin  1  x2  dx   2 .sec  d  2 .sec  d
2 2

  d   
2  . sec2  d       sec2  d  d 
  d   
 2  .tan    tan  d 
 2  tan   log cos    C
 1 
 2  x tan 1 x  log C
 1  x2 
 1 
 2 x tan 1 x  2  log 1  x 2   C
 2 
 2 x tan 1 x  log 1  x 2   C
Question 23:
x e
2 x3
dx equals
1 x3 1 x2
 A e C  B e C
3 3
1 3 1 2
 C e x  C  D e x  C
2 3
Solution 23:
Let I   x2ex dx
3
Also, let x 3 = t so 3x2 dx  dt

1
 I   et dt
3
  et   C
1
3
1 3
 ex  C
3
Question 24:
 e sec x 1  tan x  dx equals
x
 A e x cos x  C  B e x sec x  C
 C e x sin x  C  D e x tan x  C
Solution 24:
 e sec x 1  tan x  dx
x
Let I   ex sec x 1  tan x  dx   ex sec x  sec x tan x  dx

Also, let sec x  f  x  sec x tan x  f '  x 
 I  ex sec x  C
Exercise 7.7
Question 1:
Integrate 4  x2
Solution 1:
Let I   4  x2 dx    2   x 
2 2
dx
It is known that,
x 2 a2 x
a2  x2 dx  a  x2  sin 1  C
2 2 a
x 4 x
I  4  x 2  sin 1  C
2 2 2
x x
 4  x 2  2sin 1  C
2 2
Question 2:
Integrate 1  4x2
Solution 2:
Let I   1  4 x2 dx   1   2x 
2 2
dx
Let 2x  t  2dx  dt
1
 I   1   t 
2 2
2
It is known that,
x 2 a2 x
a2  x2 dx  a  x2  sin 1  C
2 2 a
1t 1 
 I   1  t 2  sin 1 t   C
2 2 2 
t 1
 1  t 2  sin 1 t  C
4 4
2x 1
 1  4 x 2  sin 1 2 x  C
4 4
x 1
 1  4 x 2  sin 1 2 x  C
2 4
Question 3:
Integrate x2  4 x  6
Solution 3:
Let I   x2  4 x  6dx
  x 2  4 x  4  2dx
 x 2
 4 x  4   2dx
 x  2  2  dx
2
 
2
It is known that,
x 2 a2
x2  a2 dx  x  a2  log | x  x2  a2 | C
2 2
I 
 x  2 2
x2  4x  6  log  x  2  x2  4 x  6  C
2 2

 x  2 x2  4 x  6  log  x  2  x2  4 x  6  C
2
Question 4:
Integrate x2  4 x  1
Solution 4:
Let I   x2  4 x  1dx
 x 2
 4 x  4  3dx
 x  2  
2
 
2
3 dx
It is known that,
x 2 a2
x2  a2 dx  x  a2  log | x  x2  a2 | C
2 2
I 
 x  2 3
x2  4x  1  log  x  2  x2  4x  1  C
2 2
Question 5:
Integrate 1  4x  x2
Solution 5:
Let I   1  4 x  x2 dx
  1   x 2  4 x  4  4 dx
  1  4   x  2  dx
2
 5   x  2  dx
2

2
It is known that,
x 2 a2 x
a2  x2 dx  a  x2  sin 1  C
2 2 a
I 
 x  2 1  4x  x2  5 sin 1  x  2   C
 
2 2  5 
Question 6:
Integrate x2  4 x  5
Solution 6:
Let I   x2  4 x  5dx
 x 2
 4x  4  9dx
  x  2  3
2 2
dx
x 2 2 a2
It is known that,  x2  a2 dx 
2
x  a  log x  x2  a2  C
2
I 
 x  2 9
x2  4x  5  log  x  2  x2  4x  5  C
2 2
Question 7:
Integrate 1  3x  x2
Solution 7:
Let I   1  3x  x2 dx
 9 9
  1   x2  3x   dx
 4 4
2
 9  3
 1     x   dx
 4  2
2
 13   3
2
      x   dx
 2   2
It is known that,
x 2 2 a2 1 x
   a  x  sin C
2 2
a x dx
2 2 a
3  3
x  x 
I  2 1  3x  x 2  13 sin 1  2 C
2 4 2  13 
 
 2 
2x  3 13  2x  3 
 1  3x  x2  sin 1  C
4 8  13 
Question 8:
Integrate x 2  3x
Solution 8:
Let I   x2  3x dx
9 9
  x2  3x   dx
4 4
2 2
 3  3
   x      dx
 4  2
It is known that,
x 2 2 a2
x2  a2 dx  x  a  log x  x2  a2  C
2 2
 3 9
x 
 3
I  
2 2
x  3x  4 log  x    x2  3x  C
2 2  2
 2x  3 2 9  3
 x  3x  log  x    x2  3x  C
4 8  2
Question 9:
x2
Integrate 1 
9
Solution 9:
x2 1 1
Let I   1  dx   9  x2 dx   (3)2  x2 dx
9 3 3
It is known that,
x 2 2 a2
x2  a2 dx  x  a  log x  x2  a2  C
2 2
1x 2 9 
I   x  9  log x  x2  9   C
3 2 2 
x 2 3
 x  9  log x  x2  9  C
6 2
Question 10:
 1  x2 is equal to
x 1
A. 1  x2  log x  1  x2  C
2 2
B. 1  x 2  3  C
2
2
3
2
C. x 1  x 2  3  C
2
3
x3 1
D. 1  x2  x2 log x  1  x2  C
2 2
Solution 10:
It is known that,
x 2 a2
x  a dx 
2 2
x  a  log | x  x2  a2 | C
2
2 2
x 1
  1  x2 dx  1  x2  log x  1  x2  C
2 2
Question 11:
 x2  8x  7dx is equal to
1
A.  x  4  x 2  8 x  7  9 log x  4  x 2  8 x  7  C
2
1
B.  x  4  x 2  8 x  7  9 log x  4  x 2  8 x  7  C
2
1
C.  x  4  x 2  8 x  7  3 2 log x  4  x 2  8 x  7  C
2
1 9
D.  x  4  x 2  8 x  7  log x  4  x 2  8 x  7  C
2 2
Solution 11:
Let I   x2  8x  7dx
 x 2
 8x  16  9dx
  x  4  3
2 2
dx
x 2 2 a2
It is known that, x2  a2 dx  x  a  log x  x2  a2  C
2 2
 x  4 9
I  x2  8x  7  log  x  4   x2  8x  7  C
2 2
Exercise 7.8
Question 1:

b
xdx
a
Solution 1:
It is known that,
ba
 f  x  dx  b  a  lim n  f  a   f  a  h   ...  f  a   n  1 h  where h  n
b 1
a n 
Here, a  a, b  b, and f  x   x
1
  xdx   b  a  lim a   a  h  ...  a  2h  ...a   n 1 h 
b
a n n
n n   
ntimes 
  b  a  lim  a  a  a  ...  a   h  2h  3h  ...   n  1 h 
1

  b  a  lim  na  h 1  2  3  ...   n  1  
1
n  n
1   n  1 n  
  b  a  lim  na  h  
 
n  n
 2
1 n  n 1 h 
  b  a  lim na  
n n
 2 
n   n  1 h 
  b  a  lim a  
n n
 2 
  n  1 h 
  b  a  lim a  
n
 2 
  n 1 b  a  
  b  a  lim a  
n
 2n 
  1 
 1  n   b  a  
  b  a  lim  a    
n 
 2 
 
 b  a  
  b  a  a  
 2 
 2a  b  a 
 b  a   
 2

 b  a  b  a 
2
  b2  a 2 
1
2
Question 2:
  x  1 dx
b
Solution 2:
  x  1 dx
b
Let I =
0
It is known that,
ba
 f  x  dx  b  a  lim n  f  a   f  a  h   ...  f  a   n  1 h  , where h  n
b 1
a n 
Here, a  0, b  5, and f  x    x  1
50 5
h 
n n
1 5  5 
   x  1dx   5  0 lim  f  0  f    ... f   n 1 
5
0 n  n
 n  n 
1 5    5  n 1 
 
 5lim 1    1  ... 1   
n n
  n  
  n 
1
 
5 5 5
 5lim  1  1  1...1    2.  3.  ...  n  1  
n n
 n times
n n n
5 
n 
1 5 
 5lim n  1  2  3...  n 1
n n
 n 
1  5  n  1 n 
 5lim n  . 
n n
 n 2 
1  5  n 1 
 5lim n  
n n
 2 
1  5  1 
 5lim 1  1  
n n
 2  n 
 5
 5 1  
 2
7
 5 
2
35

2
Question 3:

3
x2 dx
2
Solution 3:
It is known that,
1 ba
 f  x  dx  b  a  lim n  f  a   f  a  h   f  a  2h ...  f {a   n  1 h} , where h  n
b
a n 
Here, a  2, b  3, and f  x   x2
3 2 1
h 
n n
1  1  2  1 
  x2 dx   3  2 lim  f  2  f  2    f  2   ... f 2   n  1 
3
2 n n
  n  n  n 
1 2   n 1  
2

2 2
1  2
 lim  2   2     2    ...  2 
 
n n
  n  n  n  

1 2    2  n 12  n 1 
2
 2 1 1 
 lim 2  2     2.2.   ...   2    2.2. 
 n 
n n 2

 n  
 n n 
1 2
 
  n 1   1 2 3  n 1 
2 2 2
 1   2  
 lim  2  ...  2        ...  
2
   2.2.     ...  
n n
 n times
 n   n 
  n    n n n n 
1
n n
 n
 2

 lim 4n  2 12  22  32...   n 1  1  2  ...   n  1
1 4
n


1 1  n  n  1 2n 1  4  n  n 1 

 lim 4n  2    
  n  2 
n n n  6
  1  1 
 n 1   2  
n  4n  4 
 lim  4n  
1 n 
 
n  n
 6 2 
 
 1  1  1 2
 lim 4  1   2    2  
n 
 6  n  n n
2
 4 2
6
19

3
Question 4:
 x  x  dx
4
2
1
Solution 4:
Let I   x2  x dx  
4
  x2 dx   xdx
4 4
1 1
Let I  I1  I 2 , where I1   x2dx and I 2   xdx ...1

4 4
1 1
It is known that,
ba
 f  x  dx  b  a  lim n  f  a   f  a  h   f  a   n  1 h  , where h  n
b 1
a n 
For, I1   x 2 dx,
4
a = 1, b = 4, and f (x) = x2
4 1 3
h  
n n
I1   x2 dx   4 1 lim  f 1  f 1  h   ...  f 1   n  1 h 
4 1
1 n n
1  2  3    n  1 3  
2 2 2
3
 3lim 1  1    1  2.   ... 1   
n n
  n  n  n  

1 2    
  n 1 3  2.  n 1 .3 
2 2
  3 3 
 3lim 1  1     2.   ...  1  
2 2
  
n n 
 
  n  n 
 
  n  2 

1 2
   

2
3 2 2
 3lim  1  ...  1    1  2  ...   n 1  2. 1  2  ...   n 1
2 2 3
n n

ntimes
n n 
1 9   n  1 n  2n  1  6   n  1 n  
 3lim n  2    
 n  
n n 6  n 2
1  9n  1  1  6n  6 
 3lim n  1   2   
n n
 6  n  n 2 
 9  1  1 3
 3lim 1  1   2    3  
n 
 6  n  n n
 31  3  3
 3 7 
I1  21 ...  2 
For I 2   xdx,
4
a  1, b  4, and f  x   x
4 1 3
h 
n n
 I 2   4 1 lim  f 1  f 1  h   ... f  a   n 1 h 
1
n n
 3lim 1  1  h   ...  1   n  1 h 

1
n n
1   3  3 
 3lim 1  1    ...  1   n 1 
n n
  n  n 
n n
1

n times 
 3lim  1  1...  1  1  2  ...   n 1 
3
n


1  3   n  1 n 
 3lim n   
 n  2 
n n
1  3  1 
 3lim 1  1  
n n
 2  n 
 3
 3 1  
 2
5
 3 
2
15
I2  ...  3
2
From equations (2) and (3), we obtain
15 27
I  I1  I 2  21  
2 2
Question 5:

1
e x dx
1
Solution 5:
Let I   ex dx ...1
1
1
It is known that,
ba
 f  x  dx  b  a  lim n  f  a   f  a  h   ...  f  a   n  1 h  where h  n
b 1
a n 
Here, a  1, b  1, and f  x   e x

11 2
h  
n n
1  2 
 I  1  1 lim  f  1  f  1    f  1  2.   ... 
2 
f  1 
 n 1 2 

n n
  n  n  n 
1  1  1 n   12. n   1 n 1  
 2  2  2
 2lim e  e e  ...e n

n n
 
1  2 4 6
 n1 
2
 2lim e1 1  e n  e n  e n  e n 
n n
  
 2 n 1 
e1  e n 
 2 lim
n  n  2 1 
 e n 
1 1  e2  1
 e  2 lim
n n  2 1 
 en 
e1  2  e2  1

 2 1 
 en 
lim
2
 2  2
n
0
 
 n 
 2  e2 1    eh  1  
1
e   lim    1
 2  h0
  h  
e2  1

e
 1
 e  
 e
Question 6:
  x  e  dx
4
2x
0
Solution 6:
It is known that,
ba
 f  a   n  1 h  where h 
1
 f  x  dx  b  a  lim n  f  a   f  a  h  
b
a n  n
Here, a  0, b  4, and f  x   x  e2 x
40 4
h  
n n
   x  e 2 x  dx   4  0  lim  f  0   f  h   f  2h   ...  f   n  1 h  
4 1
0 n  n
1
n  n 

 4 lim  0  e0    h  e2 h    2h  e 2.2 h   ...   n  1 h  e   
2 n 1 h
 
1
n n 

 4lim 1   h  e2h    2h  e4h   ...   n 1 h  e2 n1h  

1
n n 

 4lim h  2h  3h  ...   n  1 h  1  e2h  e4h  ...  e2 n1h  
1  e2hn 1 
 4lim h 1  2  ...  n 1   2h 
n n
  e  1 
1   h  n  1 n   e2hn  1 
 4lim    2h 
n n
 2  e  1 
 
1  4  n  1 n  e8  1 
 4lim .  8
n n  n 2  
  e n  1 
 4  2   4 lim
e8
 1
n   8 
 e n 1 
 8 8
 
 n 
4.  e8  1  ex 1 
 8  x0
lim  1
8  x 
e8  1
 8
2
15  e8

2
Exercise 7.9
Question 1:
  x  1 dx
1
1

Solution 1:
Let I    x 1 dx
1
1
x2
  x 1 dx 2
 x  F  x
By second fundamental theorem of calculus, we obtain
I  F 1  F  1
1  1 
   1    1
2  2 
1 1
 1 1
2 2
2
Question 2:
31
2 xdx
Solution 2:
31
Let I   dx
2 x
1
 x dx  log x  F  x 
I  F  3  F  2
3
 log 3  log 2  log
2
Question 3:
  4x  5x2  6 x  9 dx
2
3
1
Solution 3:

Let I   4 x3  5x2  6 x  9 dx 
2
 x 4   x3   x 2 
  4x  5x  6x  9 dx  4  4   5  3   6  2   9  x 
3 2
5 x3
 x4   3x 2  9 x  F  x 
3
I = F (2) – F (1)

 4 5.  2
 
   4 5 1 
3 3

I  2   3  2  9  2  1   3 1  9 1
2 2

 3 
   3 

 40   5 
 16   12  18   1   3  9 
 3   3 
40 5
 16   12  18  1   3  9
3 3
35
 33 
3
99  35

3
64

3
Question 4:
x
0
4
sin 2 xdx
Solution 4:
x
Let I   4 sin 2 xdx
0
  cos 2 x 
 sin 2xdx     F  x
2 
 
I  F    F  0
4
1   
  cos2    cos0
2 4 
1
   0  1
2
1

2
Question 5:

0
2
cos 2xdx
Solution 5:

Let I   2 cos 2 xdx
0

 sin 2 x 
 cos 2xdx     F  x
2 
 
I  F    F  0
2
1   
 sin 2    sin 0
2 2 
1
 sin   sin 0
2
1
 0  0  0
2
Question 6:

5
e x dx
4
Solution 6:
Let I   e x dx
5
 e dx  e
x x
 F  x
I = F (5) – F (4)
 e5  e 4
 e4  e  1
Question 7:

0
4
tan xdx
Solution 7:

Let I   4 tan xdx
0
 tan xdx   log cos x  F  x 

 
I  F    F  0
4

  log cos  log cos 0
4
1
  log  log 1
2

1
  log  2 

2
1
 log 2
2
Question 8:

 cosec xdx
4
Solution 8:

Let I  4 cosec x dx
6
 cosec xdx  log cosec x  cot x  F  x 

   
I  F F 
4 6
   
 log cosec  cot  log cosec  cot
4 4 6 6
 log 2 1  log 2  3
 2 1 
 log  
 2 3 
Question 9:
dx

1
0
1  x2
Solution 9:
dx
Let I  
1
0
1  x2
dx
  sin 1 x  F  x 
1 x 2

I = F (1) – F (0)
 sin 1 1  sin 1  0

 0
2


2

Question 10:
1 dx
0 1  x2
Solution 10:
1 dx
Let I  
0 1  x2
dx
 1 x2  tan  F  x 
1

I = F (1) – F (0)
 tan 1 1  tan 1  0 


4
Question 11:
3 dx
2 x2 1
Solution 11:
3 dx
Let I   2
2 x 1
dx 1 x 1
 x2 1  2 log x  1  F  x 
I =F (3) -F (2)
1 3 1 2 1 
 log  log
2 3 1 2  1 
1 2 1
 log  log 
2 4 3
1 1 1
2 2 3
1 3
 log 
2 2
Question 12:

0
2
cos2 xdx
Solution 12:


Let I   2 cos2 xdx
0
 1  cos 2 x  x sin 2 x 1  sin 2 x 

 cos xdx     dx    x   F  x
2
 2  2 4 2 2 
   
I   F    F  0
 2 
1   sin    sin 0 
     0  
2  2 2   2 
1  
   0  0  0
22 


4
Question 13:
3 xdx
2 x2  1
Solution 13:
x
Let I   2 dx
3
2 x 1
x 1 2x 1
 
 x2 1 dx  2  x2 1 dx  2 log 1  x  F  x 
2

I = F (3) – F (2)
1
  
 log 1   3  log 1   2 
2
2 2

1
 log 10   log  5 
2
1  10  1
 log    log 2
2 5 2
Question 14:
1 2x  3
0 5x2  1 dx
Solution 14:
1 2x  3
Let I   2 dx
0 5x  1

2x  3 1 5  2 x  3
 5x  1 5  5x2  1 dx
2
dx 
1 10 x  15
  2 dx
5 5x  1
1 10 x 1
  2 dx  3 2 dx
5 5x  1 5x  1
1 10 x 1
  2 dx  3 dx
5 5x  1  2 1
5 x  
 5
 log  5x2  1  .
1 3 1 x
tan 1
5 5 1 1
5 5
 log  5x2  1 
1
5
3
5
 
tan 1 5 x
 F  x
I = F (1) – F (0)
1 3  1 3 
  log  5  1  tan 1 ( 5)    log 1  tan 1(0) 
5 5  5 5 
1 3
 log6  tan 1 5
5 5
Question 15:

1 2
xe x dx
0
Solution 15:
Let I   xe x dx
1 2
Put x  t  2 xdx  dt
2
As x  0, t  0 and as x  1, t  1,
1 1
 I   et dt
2 0
1 t 1
 e dt  et  F  t 
2 2
I = F (1) – F (0)
1 1
 e  e0
2 2
1
  e  1
2

Question 16:
5x 2
0 x2  4x  3
1
Solution 16:
5x2
Let I  
2
dx
1 x2  4 x  3
Dividing 5x2 by x2  4x  3 , we obtain

 20 x  15 
2
I   5  2 dx
1  x  4 x  3 
20 x  15
2 2
  5dx   2 dx
1 1
x  4 x  3
20 x  15
2
 5x1  
2
dx
1
x2  4 x  3
2
20 x  15
I = 5 – I1, where I1   dx … (1)
1 x2  4 x  3
Consider
Let 20 x  15  A
d 2
dx
 x  4x  3  B
 2 Ax   4 A  B 
A = 10 and B = −25
Let x2  4x  3 = t
  2x  4 dx  dt
dt dx
 I1  10  25
 x  2 12
2
t
1  x  2  1 
 10log t  25  log  
2  x  2 1 
2
    
 10log  x  4 x  3  25  log 
2
2 1 x 1

1
2  x  3 1
1 3 1 2
 10log15 10log8  25  log  log 
2 5 2 4
25
 10 log  5  3  10 log  4  2    log 3  log 5  log 2  log 4 
2
25
 10 log 5  10 log 3  10 log 4  10 log 2  log 3  log 5  log 2  log 4 
2
 25   25   25   25 
 10   log5  10   log 4  10   log3  10   log 2
 2  2  2  2

45 45 5 5
 log 5  log 4  log 3  log 2
2 2 2 2
45 5 5 3
 log  log
2 4 2 2
Substituting the value of I1 in (1), we obtain
 45 5 5 3
I  5   log  log 
2 4 2 2
5 5 3
 5  9 log  log 
2 4 2
Question 17:

  2sec x  x3  2 dx
4 2
0
Solution 17:


Let I   4 2sec2 x  x3  2 dx
0

  2sec x  x  2 dx  2 tan x 
x4
2 3
 2x  F  x 
4
 
I  F    F  0
4

  1 
4
   

  2tan     2     (2tan 0  0  0) 
 4 4 4  
 4 

 

   4
 2 tan  5 
4 4 2
  4
 2 
2 1024
Question 18:
 x
2 x
0  sin 2  cos
2
 dx
2
Solution 18:
 x x
Let I    sin 2  cos2  dx
0
 2 2
 x x
   cos2  sin 2  dx
0
 2 2

  cos xdx
0


 cos xdx   sin x  F ( x)
0
I  F ( )  F (0)
  sin   sin 0
=0
Question 19:
2 6x  3
0 x2  4 dx
Solution 19:
2 6x  3
Let I   2 dx
0 x 4
6x  3 2x 1
 x2  4 dx  3 x2  4dx
2x 1
 3 2 dx  3 2 dx
x 4 x 4
3 x
 3log( x2  4)  tan 1  F ( x)
2 2
I = F(2) – F(0)
 3  2   3  0 
 3log(22  4)  tan 1     3log(0  4)  tan 1   
 2  2   2  2 
3 3
 3log8  tan 1 1  3log 4  tan 1 0
2 2
3 
 3log8     3log 4  0
2 4 
 8  3
 3log   
4 8
3
 3log 2 
8
Question 20:
1 x
0  xe  sin 4  dx
x
Solution 20:
1 x
Let I    xex  sin  dx
0
 4 

 x
  cos 
 x x  d  x 
0  xe  sin 4  dx  x e dx    dx x   e dx  dx    4 
1
x
 
 4 
4 x
 xe x   e x dx  cos 
 4
4 x
 xe x  e x  cos 
 4
 F  x
I = F (1) – F (0)
 4   4 
 1.e1  e1  cos    0.e0  e0  cos 0 
  4   
4 1  4
 ee   1
  2 
4 2 2
 1 
 
Question 21:
3 dx
1 1  x2

A.
3
2
B.
3

C.
6

D. equals
12
Solution 21:
dx
 1  x2  tan x  F  x 
1
 
3 dx
1 1  x2  F 3  F 1
 tan 1 3  tan 1 1
 
 
3 4


12

Question 22:
2
dx
0
3
4  9 x2

A.
6

B.
12

C.
24

D. equals
4
Solution 22:
dx dx
 4  9 x 2    2  2   3x  2
Put 3x=t  3dx=dt
dx 1 dt
 2   2 2
 2    3x  3  2   t
2
1 1 t
  tan 1 
3 2 2
1  3x 
 tan 1  
6  2
 F  x
2 dx 2
 0 3 4  9 x2  F  3   F (0)
1 3 2 1
 tan 1  .   tan 1 0
6 2 3 6
1
 tan 1 1  0
6
1 
 
6 4


24
Exercise 7.10

Question 1:
x
0 x2  1 dx
1
Solution 1:
x
0 x2  1 dx
1
Let x2  1  t  2xdx  dt
When x = 0, t = 1 and when x = 1, t = 2
x 1 2 dt
  2 dx  
1
0 x 1 2 1 t
1 2
 log t 1
2
1
  log 2  log1
2
1
 log 2
2
Question 2:

0
2
sin  cos5  d
Solution 2:
Let

I   2 sin  cos5  d
0
Also, let sin   t  cosd  dt


When   0, t  0 and when   ,t 1
2
I  
1
t (1  t 2 )2 dt
0
1
  t 2 1  t 4  2t 2  dt
1
1 
1 9 5
  t 2  t 2  2t 2 dt
 
0
1
 3 11 7 
 t 2 t 2 2t 2 
  
3 11 7 
 
2 2 2 0
2 2 4
  
3 11 7
154  42  132

231

64

231
Question 3:
1  2 x 
0 sin  1  x2  dx
1
Solution 3:
 2x 
Let I   sin 1 
1
2 
dx
0
 1 x 
Also, let x = tanθ ⇒ dx = sec2 θ dθ

When x = 0, θ = 0 and when x = 1,  
4

 2 tan   2
I   4 sin 1   sec  d
 1  tan  
0 2

  4 sin 1  sin 2  sec2  d
0

  4 2 .sec2  d
0

 2 4  .sec2  d
0
Taking θ as first function and sec2 θ as second function and integrating by parts, we obtain

  d   4
I  2   sec2  d       sec2  d  d 
  dx   0

 2  tan    tan  d  4
0

 2  tan   log cos   04
   
 2  tan  log cos  log cos 0 
4 4 4 
  1  
 2   log    log1
4  2 
 1 
 2   log 2 
4 2 

  log 2
2
Question 4:

 x x  2  Put x+2=t 2 
2
Solution 4:

2
x x  2dx
0
Let x + 2 = t2 ⇒ dx = 2t dt
When x = 0, t  2 and when x = 2, t = 2
  x x  2dx   t  2 t 2 2dt
2 2
2
0 2
 t  2  t dt
2
2
2
2
t4 
 2  t  2t  dt  2   t 2 
2
3
 2[(4  4)  (1  2)]  2
2
4  2
Question 5:

sin x
02 1  cos2 x dx
Solution 5:

sin x
0
2
1  cos2 x
dx
Let cos x = t ⇒ −sinx dx = dt

When x = 0, t = 1 and when x  ,t  0
2

sin x 0 dt
2 dx  
0 1  cos x
2 1 1 t 2
0
   tan 1 t 
1
   tan 1 0  tan 1 1

 
   
 4


4
Question 6:
dx
0 x  4  x2
2
Solution 6:

dx dx
 
2 2
x4 x   x  x  4
0 2 0 2
dx

2
0  1 1 
  x2  x    4 
 4 4 
dx

2
0  1  17 
2
  x    
 2 4 
dx

2
2
0
 17   1
2
   x  
 2   2
1
Let x-  t so dx=dt
2
1 3
when x=0, t=- and when x=2, t=
2 2
3
dx dt
   21
2
2 2
0
 17   1
2 
2  17 
   x     t
2
 2   2  2 
3
 2
 17
t
  
1 2
log 
 17  17
 2  t 
  2  2   1
2
 17 3 17 1 
  
1 
log
 log 2 2 2 2
17  17 3 17 1 
  log  
2 2 2 2
1  17  3 17 1
17  17  3 17  1
1 17  3 17  1
 log 
17 17  3 17  1
1 17  3  4 17 
 log  
17 17  3  4 17 
1  20  4 17 
 log  
17  20  4 17 

1  5  17 
 log  
17  5  17 

1
log 
 
 5  17 5  17  
17  25  17 
 
1  25  17  10 17 
 log  
17  8 
1  42  10 17 
 log  
17  8 
1  21  5 17 
 log  
17  4 
Question 7:
dx
1 x2  2x  5
1
Solution 7:
dx dx dx
1 x2  2x  5  1 ( x2  2x  1)  4  1 ( x  1)2  (2)2
1 1 1
Let x + 1 = t ⇒ dx = dt
When x = −1, t = 0 and when x = 1, t = 2
dx dx
1 ( x  1)2  (2)2  0 t 2  22
1 2
2
1 t
  tan 1 
2 2 0
1 1
 tan 1 1  tan 1 0
2 2
1  
  
2 4  8
Question 8:
2 1 1  2x
1  x  2x2  e dx
Solution 8:
2 1 1  2x
1  x  2x2  e dx
Let 2x = t ⇒ 2dx = dt


2 1 1  2x 1 4 2 2  t
1  x 2x2 
 e dx 
2 2  t t 2 
   e dt
1
Let  f  t 
t
1
Then,f '  t    2
t
41 1
    2  et dt   ( f (t )  f '(t ))et dt
4

2 t t  2
 [et f (t )]42
4
 1
  et  
 t 2
4
 et 
 
 t 2
e4 e2
 
4 2
e2  e2  2 

4
Question 9:
1
x  x  3 3

1
The value of the integral 1 dx is
3 x4
A. 6
B. 0
C. 3
D. 4
Solution 9:
1
Let I  1
1 x  x 
dx
3 3
x43
Also, let x = sin   dx = cos  d 

1 1 
When x  ,  sin 1   and when x=1,  =
3  3 2
1

(sin   sin 3  ) 3
 I   2 1  1  cos  d
sin  
 3
sin 4


1
sin  3 1  sin 2  3
1

  2 1  1  cos  d
sin  
 3
sin 4 
1 2

  2 1  1 
sin  3  cos  3 cos d
sin  
 3
sin 4 
1 2

  2 1  1 
sin  3  cos  3 cos d
sin  
 3
sin 2  sin 2 
5

  2 1
 cos  3 cos ec2 d
1 5
 3   sin   3
sin  
 5
  2 1  1   cot   3 cos ec2 d
sin  
 3
Let cotθ = t ⇒ −cosec2 θ dθ= dt

1 
When   sin 1   , t  2 2 and when  = , t  0
 3 2
5
 I  
0 3
(t ) dt
2 2
0
3 8 
   t 3 
8 2 2
0
3 
 
8
   2 2 3 
8 2 2
3 
 
8
  8  3
8 
3 4

 8 3 
8 
3
 16
8
 3 2
6
Question 10:
If f  x    t sin tdt , then f '  x  is
x
A. cos x + x sin x
B. x sin x
C. x cos x

D. sin x + x cos x
Solution 10:
f  x    t sin tdt
x
0
x  d  
f  x   t  sin tdt    t   sin tdt  dt
x
0 0
 dt  
 t   cos t  0     cot t  dt
x x
  t cos t  sin t 0
x
  x cos x  sin x
 f '  x    x   sin x   cos x   cos x
 x sin x  cos x  cos x
 x sin x
Exercise 7.11
Question 1:

0
2
cos2 xdx
Solution 1:

I   2 cos2 xdx ... 1
0
  f  x dx   f a  x dx

 
 I   2 cos2   x  dx
0 0
0
2  0 0

 I   2 sin 2 xdx ...  2
0
Adding (1) and (2), we obtain

2I   2  sin 2 x  cos2 x dx
0

 2I   2 1.dx
0

 2I   x02

 2I 
2

I
4

Question 2:

sin x
0
2
sin x  cos x
dx
Solution 2:

sin x
0
2
sin x  cos x
dx

sin x
Let I   2 dx ... 1
0
sin x  cos x
 
sin   x 
 

2 
 I  2 f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
a a
dx
0
    0 0
sin   x   cos   x 
2  2 

cos x
 I  2 dx …. (2)
0
cos x  sin x

sin x  cos x
2I   2 dx
0
sin x  cos x

 2I   2 1.dx
0

 2I   x02

 2I 
2

I
4
Question 3:
3
 2
sin xdx
0
2
3 3
dx
sin x  cos x
2 2
Solution 3:
3

sin 2 xdx
Let I   2 3 3
dx ... 1
0
sin x  cos x
2 2

 
3
sin 2   x 
 

 I 2 2  dx
a
f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
a
0 3
  
3
   0 0
sin 2   x   cos 2   x 
2  2 
3
 2
cos x
I 2 3 3
dx ...  2
0
sin x  cos x 2 2

3 3

sin 2  cos 2 x
2I   2 3 3
dx
0
sin x  cos x
2 2

 2I   2 1.dx
0

 2I   x02

 2I 
2

I 
4
Question 4:

cos5 xdx
0
2
sin5 x  cos5 x
dx
Solution 4:

cos5 xdx
Let I   2
dx ... 1
sin5 x  cos5 x
0
 
cos5   x 
 

 I  2 2  dx
a
f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
a
5   5 
0 0 0
sin   x   cos   x 
2  2 

sin5 x
I  2 dx ... 2


sin5 x  cos5 x
2I   2
dx

 2I   2 1.dx
0

 2I   x02


 2I 
2

I 
4
Question 5:

5
x  2 dx
5
Solution 5:
Let I   x  2 dx
5
5
It can be seen that (x + 2) ≤ 0 on [−5, −2] and (x + 2) ≥ 0 on [−2, 5].
2
 I   ( x  2) dx   ( x  2) dx
5
5 2
2 5
 x2   x2 
I     2x    2x
2  5  2  2
  22  5
2
   5 2  2
2

   2  2   2  5    2  5   2  2 
 2 2   2 2 
 25   25 
  2  4   10    10  2  4
 2  2 
25 25
 2  4   10   10  2  4
2 2
 29
Question 6:

8
x  5 dx
2
Solution 6:
Let I   x  5 dx
8
It can be seen that (x − 5) ≤ 0 on [2, 5] and (x − 5) ≥ 0 on [5, 8].

I     x  5 dx    x  5 dx
5
2
8
2   f  x    f  x    f  x 
a
b
a
c
c
b
5 8
 x2   x2 
    5x     5x 
2 2  2 5
 25   25 
    25  2  10  32  40   25
2   2 
9

Question 7:
 x 1 x 
1 n
dx
0
Solution 7:
Let I   x 1  x  dx
1 n
0
 I   1  x  1  1  x   dx
1 n
  1  x  x  dx
1 n
0
   xn  xn1  dx
1
 
1
 xn1 xn2 
f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
a a
  
 n  1 n  2 0 1 0
 1 1 
 
 n  1 n  2 

 n  2   n  1
 n  1 n  2
1

 n  1 n  2
Question 8:

 4
log 1  tan x  dx
0
Solution 8:

Let I   4 log 1  tan x  dx ... 1
0
 

  
 I   4 log 1  tan   x  dx f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
a a
0
 4  0 0
  

 tan  tan x 
 I   4 log 1  4
dx
0 
 1  tan tan x 
 4 

 1  tan x 
 I   4 log 1   dx
0
 1  tan x 

2
 I   4 log dx
0
1  tan x 
 
 I   4 log 2dx   4 log 1  tan x  dx
0 0


 I   4 log 2dx  I  From 1
0

 2I   x log 204

 2I  log 2
4

I  log 2
8
Question 9:

2
x 2  xdx
0
Solution 9:
Let I   x 2  xdx
2
I    2  x  xdx
0
2
0
a
f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
a
0 
2 
1 3
  2x 2  x 2  dx
 
0
2
  3  5 
  x2  x2 
 2   5 
  3  
  2  2  0
2
 4 32 2 52 
 x  x 
3 5 0
4 3 2 5
  2 2   2 2
3 5
4 2 2 2
  4 2
3 5
8 2 8 2
 
3 5
40 2  24 2

15
16 2

15
Question 10:

  2logsin x  logsin 2x  dx
0
2

Solution 10:

Let I   2  2logsin x  logsin 2 x  dx
0

 I   2 2logsin x  log  2sin x cos x  dx
0

 I   2 2logsin x  logsin x  log cos x  log 2dx
0

 I   2 logsin x  log cos x  log 2 dx ... 1
0
It is known that,  0
a
f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
a
0 

 I   2 log cos x  logsin x  log 2 dx ...  2
0

2I   2   log 2  log 2 dx
0

 2 I  2log 2 2 1.dx
0
 
 I   log 2  
2

I   log 2 
2
1 
I   log 
2 2
 1
 I  log
2 2
Question 11:

  sin
2 2
 xdx
2
Solution 11:

Let I  2 sin 2 xdx
2
As sin2 (−x) = (sin (−x))2 = (−sin x)2 = sin2 x, therefore, sin2 x is an even function.
 f  x  dx  2 f  x  dx
a a
It is known that if f(x) is an even function, then
a 0

I  2 2 sin 2 xdx
0

1  cos 2 x
 2 2 dx
0 2


  2 1  cos 2x  dx
0

 sin 2 x  2
 x 
 2  0


2
Question 12:
 xdx
0 1  sin x
Solution 12:
xdx 
Let I   ... 1
0 1  sin x
I 
 (  x)
0 1  sin(  x)
dx  
0

f ( x) dx   f (a  x) dx
0 
I 
   x  dx
...  2
1  sin x
0

 
2I   dx
0 1  sin x
 2I   
 1  sin x  dx
 
0 1  sin x 1  sin x

 1  sin x
 2I    dx
0 cos2 x
 2I    sec2 x  tan x sec xdx


 2I   2
 I 
Question 13:

  sin
2 7
xdx

2
Solution 13:

Let I   2 sin 7 xdx ... 1

2
As sin7 (−x) = (sin (−x))7 = (−sin x)7 = −sin7 x, therefore, sin2 x is an odd function.
 f  x  dx  0
a
It is known that, if f(x) is an odd function, then
a


 I   2 sin 7 xdx  0

2
Question 14:
2
0
cos5 xdx
Solution 14:
2
Let I   cos5 xdx ... 1
0
cos5  2  x   cos5 x
It is known that,
 f  x  dx  2 f  x  dx, if f  2a  x   f  x 
2a a
0 0
 0 if f  2a  x    f  x 

 I  2 cos5 xdx
0
 I  2(0)  0 [cos5 (  x)  cos5 x]
Question 15:

sin x  cos x
02 1  sin x cos x dx
Solution 15:

sin x  cos x
Let I   2 dx ... 1
0 1  sin x cos x
   
 sin   x   cos   x 
 I 2
0
 2
 




2

1  sin   x  cos   x 
 dx
 
0
a
f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
a
0 
 2   2 

cos x  sin x
I 2 dx ... 2
0 1  sin x cos x


0
 2I   2 dx
0 1  sin x cos x
I 0
Question 16:

 log 1  cos x  dx
0

Solution 16:

Let I   log 1  cos x  dx ... 1
0
 I   log 1  cos   x   dx

0 
0
a
f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0
a


 I   log 1  cos x  dx ... 2
0
2I   log 1  cos x   log 1  cos x  dx

 2I   log 1  cos2 x  dx

0

 2I   logsin 2 xdx
0

 2I  2 logsin xdx
0

 I   logsin xdx ... 3
0
sin (π − x) = sin x

 I  2 2 logsin x dx ...  4 
0
 
 
 I  2 2 logsin   x  dx  2  2 log cos x dx ...  5 
0
2  0


2I  2 2 (logsin x  logcos x) dx
0

 I   2  log sin x  log cos x  log 2  log 2  dx
0

 I   2  log 2sin x cos x  log 2  dx
0
 
 I   2 logsin 2 xdx   2 log 2dx
0 0
Let 2x = t ⇒ 2dx = dt
When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = π/2, t = π
1  
 I   logsin t dt  log 2
2 0 2
I 
 I   log 2
2 2
I 
   log 2
2 2
 I   log 2
Question 17:

x

a
dx
0
x  ax
Solution 17:
x
Let I   ... 1
a
dx
0
x  ax
It is known that,  0
a
f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
a
0 
ax
I  ...  2
a
dx
0
ax  x
x  ax
2I  
a
dx
0
x  ax
 2I   1.dx
a
 2I   x0
a
 2I  a
a
I 
2
Question 18:

4
x  1 dx
0
Solution 18:
I   x 1 dx
4
It can be seen that, (x − 1) ≤ 0 when 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and (x − 1) ≥ 0 when 1 ≤ x ≤ 4

I   x 1 dx   x 1 dx
0
1 4
1   f  x    f  x    f  x 
b
a
c
a c
b
I     x 1 dx    x  1 dx
1 4
0 0
1 4
 x2   x2 
  x      x
 2 0  2 1
1  4
2
1
 1   4  1
2 2 2
1 1
 1  8  4  1
2 2
5

Question 19:
 f  x  g  x  dx  2 f  x  dx , if f and g are defined as f(x) = f(a – x) and g (x) + g

a a
Show that
0 0
(a – x) = 4
Solution 19:
 f  x  g  x  dx ... 1
a
Let
0
  f  a  x  g  a  x  dx
0
a

0
a
f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0
a

  f  x  g  a  x  dx ... 2
a

2I    f  x  g  x   f  x  g  a  x  dx
a
 2I   f  x  g  x   g  a  x  dx
a
 2I   f  x   4dx  g  x   g  a  x   4
a
 I  2 f  x  dx
a
Question 20:

  x  x cos x  tan5 x  1 dx is
2 3
The value of

2
A. 0
B. 2
C. π
D. 1
Solution 20:

  x  x cos x  tan5 x  1 dx
2 3
Let

2
   
 I   2 x3dx  2 cos xdx  2 tan5 xdx  2 1.dx
   
2 2 2 2
 f  x  dx  2 f  x  dx
a a
It is known that if f ( x ) is an even function, then
a 0
 f  x  dx  0
a
if f ( x ) is an odd function, then
a

and I  0  0  0  2 2 1dx
0


 2[ x]02
2

2

Question 21:

 4  3sin x 
The value of 
0
2
  dx is
 4  3cos x 
A. 2
3
B.
4
C. 0
D. –2
Solution 21:

 4  3sin x 
Let I =  2   dx …(1)
0
 4  3cos x 
  
 4  3sin  2  x  
 

 I 2   dx a
f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
a
0 
 4  3cos   x   0 0
  
2 

 4  3cos x 
 I   2 log   dx ...  2
0
 4  3sin x 

  4  3sin x   4  3cos x 
2I   2 log    log  dx
0
  4  3cos x   4  3sin x 

 4  3sin x 4  3cos x 
 2I   2   dx
0
 4  3cos x 4  3sin x 

 2I   2 log1dx
0

 2I   2 0dx
0
I 0
Miscellaneous Exercise

Question 1:
1
Integrate
x  x3
Solution 1:
1 1 1
 
xx 3
x 1 x 2
 
x 1  x 1  x 
1 A B C
Let    ... 1
x 1  x 1  x  x 1  x  1  x
 1  A 1  x2   Bx 1  x   Cx 1  x 
 1  A  Ax2  Bx  Bx2  Cx  Cx2
−A + B − C = 0
B+C=0
A=1
1 1
A  1, B  , and C  
2 2
1 1 1 1
  
x 1  x 1  x  x 2 1  x  2 1  x 
1 1 1 1 1 1
 dx   dx   dx   dx
x 1  x 1  x  x 2 1  x  2 1  x 
1 1
 log x  log 1  x   log 1  x 
2 2
1 1
 log x  log 1  x  2  log 1  x  2
x
 log 1 1
C
1  x  1  x  2
2
1
 x2  2
 log  2 
C
 1 x 
1 x2
 log C
2 1  x2
Question 2:
1
Integrate
xa   x  b

Solution 2:
1 1 xa  x b
 
xa   x  b xa  xb x a  x b
xa  xb

 x  a   x  b

 xa  xb 
a b

xa 
1
 x  b
dx 
1
a b 
 x  a  x  b dx 
 3 3 
1   x  a2  x  b2 
 
 a  b   3 3 

 2 2 
2  3 3

  x  a  2   x  b2  C

3 a  b 
Question 3:
1  a
Integrate Hint: x= t 
x ax  x2
Solution 3:
1
x ax  x 2
a a
Let x   dx   2 dh
t t
1 1  a 
 dx     2 dt 
x ax  x a a  t 
2 2
a
a  
t t t
1 1
  . dt
at 1 1

t t2
1 1
  dt
a t 1
1
   2 t  1   C
a
1 a 
  2  1  C
a x 

2 ax 
   C
a x 
2 ax 
   C
a x 
Question 4:
1
Integrate 3
x 2  x 4  1 4
Solution 4:
1
3
x 2  x 4  1 4
Multiplying and dividing by x 3 , we obtain
3
3 3
x x ( x  1)4 4

3
x 2 x 3
x 2 x 3 ( x 4  1) 4
3

 x4  1 4
3
x5 .  x 4 

4
3

1  x4  1  4
 5 4 
x  x 
3

1 14
 5 1  4 
x  x 
1 4 1 dt
Let 4  t   5 dx  dt  5 dx  
x x x 4
3

1 1 1 4
 dx   5 1  4  dx
x  x 
x2  x4  1 4
3
3
1
 

4
 1  t 4 dt
 1 
1  1  t  4 
   C
4 1 
 4 

1
 1 4
 1 4 
 
1 x 
C
4 1
4
1
 1 4
  1  4   C
 x 
Question 5:
1
Integrate 1 1
x  x3
2
 
 
 Hint: 1  1
1
Put x = t 6
 1 1
 1
 
 x x
2 3
x 3 1  x 6  
   
Solution 5:
Let x  t 6  dx  6t 5dt
1 6t 5
 x1/ 2  x1/3  t 3  t 2 dt
dx 
6t 5
 2 dt
t 1  t 
t3
 6 dt
1  t 
On dividing, we obtain
 2 1 
 1 1 dx  6 t  t  1  1  t  dt
1
x 2  x3
 t 3   t 2  
 6       t  log 1  t 
 3   2  
1 1 1
 1

 2 x 2  3x 3  6 x 6  6log 1  x 6   C
 
1 1
 1

 2 x  3x 3  6 x 6  6log 1  x 6   C
 
Question 6:

5x
Integrate
 x  1  x2  9
Solution 6:
5x A Bx  C
Let   2 ... 1
 
 x  1 x  9  x  1 x  9
2
 
 5x  A  x 2
 9   Bx  C  x  1
 5x  Ax2  9 A  Bx 2  Bx  Cx  C
A+B=0
B+C=5
9A + C = 0
1 1 9
A   , B  , and C 
2 2 2
x 9

5x 1 2 2
 
 
 x  1 x2  9 2  x  1 x2  9  
5x 
 1  x  9 dx
  x  1  x2  9   2  x  1 2  x2  9 
dx  

 

1 1 x 9 1
  log
2
x 1  
2 x 9
2
dx   2
2 x 9
dx
1 1 2x 9 1
  log x 1   2 dx   2 dx
2 4 x 9 2 x 9
1 1 9 1 x
  log x  1  log x 2  9  . tan 1
2 4 2 3 3
x  1  log  x 2  9   tan 1  C
1 1 3 x
  log
2 4 2 3
Question 7:
sin x
Integrate
sin  x  a 
Solution 7:
sin x
sin  x  a 
Let x − a = t ⇒ dx = dt

sin x sin  t  a 
 sin  x  a dx   sin t
dt
sin t cos a  cos t sin a

 dt
sin t
   cos a  cot t sin a  dt
 t cos a  sin a log sin t  C1
  x  a  cos a  sin a log sin  x  a   C1
 x cos a  sin a log sin  x  a   a cos a  C1
 sin a log sin  x  a   x cos a  C
Question 8:
e5log x  e4log x
Integrate 3log x 2log x
e e
Solution 8:
e5log x  e4log x e

4log x
 elog x  1
e3log x  e2log x e2log x  elog x  1
 e2log x
 elog x
2
 x2
e5log x  e4log x x3
  3log x 2log x dx   x dx   C
2
e e 3
Question 9:
cos x
Integrate
4  sin 2 x
Solution 9:
cos x
4  sin 2 x
Let sin x = t ⇒ cos x dx = dt
cos x dt
 dx  
4  sin x  2   t 
2 2 2
t
 sin 1    C
2
 sin x 
 sin 1  C
 2 

Question 10:
sin8 x  cos8 x
Integrate
1  2sin 2 x cos2 x
Solution 10:
sin 8 x  cos8 x

 sin 4 x  cos 4 x  sin 4 x  cos 4 x 
1  2sin 2 x cos 2 x 1  2sin 2 x  cos 2 x

sin 4 x  cos4 x sin 2 x  cos2 x sin 2 x  cos2 x 
1  2sin 2 x  cos 2 x

 sin 4 x  cos 4 x  sin 2 x  cos 2 x 
1  2sin 2 x  cos 2 x
  sin 4 x  cos4 x  cos2 x  sin 2 x 

sin4 x  cos4 x 
  cos 2 x
sin8 x  cos8 x sin 2 x
 dx    cos 2 xdx   C
1  2sin x cos x
2 2
2
Question 11:
1
Integrate
cos  x  a  cos  x  b 
Solution 11:
1
cos  x  a  cos  x  b 
Multiplying and dividing by sin (a – b), we obtain.
1  sin  a  b  
 
sin  a  b   cos  x  a  cos  x  b  
1  sin  x  a    x  b  

  
sin  a  b   cos  x  a  cos  x  b  
1  sin  x  a  .cos  x  b   cos  x  a  sin  x  b  
  
1  sin  x  a  sin  x  b  
   
1
  tan  x  a   tan  x  b 
sin  a  b  

1 1
 cos  x  a  cos  x  b dx  sin  a  b  tan  x  a   tan  x  b dx
1
 [ log | cos  x  a  |  log | cos  x  b  |]  C
sin  a  b 
1 cos  x  b 
 log C
sin  a  b  cos  x  a 
Question 12:
x3
Integrate
1  x8
Solution 12:
x3
1  x8
Let x4 = t ⇒ 4x3 dx = dt
x3 1 dt
 dx  
1  x8 4 1 t 2
1
 sin 1 t  C
4
 sin 1  x 4   C
1
4
Question 13:
ex
Integrate
1  e  2  e 
x x
Solution 13:
ex
1  ex  2  ex 
Let ex = t ⇒ ex dx = dt
ex dt
 dx  
1  e  2  e 
x x
t  1t  2
 1 1 
    dt
  t  1  t  2 
 log t  1  log t  2  C
t 1
 log C
t 2

1  ex
 log C
2  ex
Question 14:
1
Integrate
x 2
 1 x2  4
Solution 14:
1 Ax  B Cx  D
 2   2

x  1 x2  4 
x2  1 x 4     
 1   Ax  B   x2  4   Cx  D   x2  1
 1  Ax3  4 Ax  Bx2  4B  Cx3  Cx  Dx2  D
Equating the coefficients of x3, x2, x, and constant term, we obtain
A+C=0
B+D=0
4A + C = 0
4B + D = 1
1 1
A  0, B  , C  0 and D=-
3 3
1 1 1
 
 
x 1 x  4 3 x 1 3 x  4
2 2 2
 2
   
1 1 1 1 1
 x 2
 1 x  4
2
dx  
3 x 1
2
dx   2 dx
3 x 4
1 1 1 x
 tan 1 x  . tan 1  C
3 3 2 2
1 1 x
 tan 1 x  tan 1  C
3 6 2
Question 15:
Integrate cos3 xelogsin x
Solution 15:
cos3 xelogsin x = cos3 x × sin x
Let cos x = t ⇒ −sin x dx = dt
  cos3 xelogsin x dx   cos3 x sin xdx
  t 3 dx

t4
 C
4
cos 4 x
 C
4
Question 16:
 
1
Integrate e3log x x4  1
Solution 16:
x3
x  1  e x  1
1 1
e 3log x 4 log x3 4
 4
 x  1
Let x4  1  t  4 x3dx  dt
  e3log x   x 4  1 dx  
1 x3
dx
 x4  1
1 dt
4 t

1
 log t  C
4
1
 log x 4  1  C
4
 log  x 4  1  C
1
4
Question 17:
Integrate f '  ax  b   f  ax  b 
n
Solution 17:
f '  ax  b   f  ax  b 
n
Let f  ax  b   t  a f '  ax  b  dx  dt
1 n
  f '  ax  b   f  ax  b  dx 
a
n
t dt
1  t n1 

a  n  1
1
 f  ax  b    C
n 1

a  n  1
Question 18:

1
Integrate
sin x sin  x   
3
Solution 18:
1 1

sin3 x sin  x    sin3 x  sin x cos   cos x sin  
1

sin 4 x cos   sin3 x cos x sin 
1

sin 2 x cos   cot x sin 
cos ec 2 x

cos   cot x sin 
Let cos  cot x sin   t   cos ec2 x sin  dx  dt
1 cos ec2 x
 dx   dx.
sin3 x sin  x    cos   cot x sin 
1 dt

sin   t
1 2 t   C
  
sin 
1  

sin   2 cos   cot x sin    C
2 cos x sin 
 cos   C
sin  sin x
2 sin x cos   cos x sin 
 C
sin  sin x
2 sin  x   
 C
sin  sin x
Question 19:
sin 1 x  cos1 x
Integrate , x  0,1
sin 1 x  cos1 x
Solution 19:
sin 1 x  cos1 x
Let I   1 dx
sin x  cos1 x

It is known that, sin 1 x  cos1 x 
2

 1 
  cos x   cos 1 x
I  
2
dx

2
2  
   2
  2cos1 x  dx

2  4
 .  1.dx   cos 1 xdx
 2 
4
 x   cos 1 xdx ... 1

Let I1   cos 1 xdx
Also. let x  t  dx  2t dt
 I1  2 cos 1t.t dt
 1 t 2 1 t 2 
 2 cos t.   . dt 
 2 1 t 2 2 
t2
 t 2 cos 1 t   dt
1 t2
1  t 2 1
 t 2 cos 1 t   dt
1 t2
1
 t 2 cos 1 t   1  t 2 dt   dt
1 t2
1 1
 t 2 cos 1 t  1  t 2  sin 1 t  sin 1 t
2 2
1 1
 t 2 cos1 t  1  t 2  sin 1 t
2 2
4 t 1 
I  x  t 2 cos1 t  1  t 2  sin 1 t 
 2 2 
4 x 1 
 x   x cos1 x  1  x  sin 1 x 
 2 2 
4    x  x2  1 
 x   x   sin 1 x    sin x
   2  2 2 
4x 2 2
 x  2 x  sin 1 x  x  x 2  sin 1 x
  
2 2
  x   2 x  1 sin 1 x   x  x2  C
 
2  2x 1 1 2
 sin x  x  x2  x  C
 

Question 20:
1 x
Integrate
1 x
Solution 20:
1 x
I dx
1 x
Let x  cos2   dx  2sin  cos d
1  cos
I  2sin  cos  d
1  cos

2sin 2
  2 sin 2 d

2 cos 2
2

  tan .2sin cos d
2

sin
 2 2  2sin  cos   cos  d
 
cos  2 2
2

 4 sin 2 cos  d
2
   
 4 sin 2 .  2 cos 2  1 d
2  2 
   
 4  2sin 2 cos 2  sin 2 d
 2 2 2
  
 8 sin 2 .cos 2 d  4  sin 2 d
2 2 2

 2 sin 2  d  4 sin 2 d
2
 1  cos 2  1  cos 
 2   d  4 d
 2  2
 sin 2   sin  
 2     4  C
2 4  2 2 
sin 2
    2  2sin   C
2
sin 2
   2sin   C
2
2sin  cos 
   2sin   C
2

   1  cos2  .cos   2 1  cos 2   C

 cos1 x  1  x. x  2 1  x  C
 2 1  x  cos1 x  x 1  x   C
 2 1  x  cos1 x  x  x 2  C
Question 21:
2  sin 2 x x
Integrate e
1  cos 2 x
Solution 21:
 2  sin 2 x  x
I   e
 1  cos 2 x 
 2  2sin x cos x  x
  e
 2cos2 x 
 1  sin x cos x  x
  e
 cos2 x 
   sec2 x  tan x ex
Let f  x   tan x  f '  x   sec2 x
 I    f  x   f '  x  e x dx
 ex f  x   C
 ex tan x  C
Question 22:
x2  x  1
Integrate
 x  1  x  2
2
Solution 22:
x2  x  1 A B C
Let    ...1
 x  1  x  2  x  1  x  1  x  2
2 2
 x 2  x  1  A  x  1 x  2   B  x  2   C  x 2  2 x  1
 x 2  x  1  A  x 2  3x  2   B  x  2   C  x 2  2 x  1
 x 2  x  1   A  C  x 2   3 A  B  2C  x   2 A  2 B  C 
A+C=1
3A + B + 2C = 1
2A + 2B + C = 1


A = −2, B = 1, and C = 3
x2  x  1 2 3 1
  
 x  1  x  2  x  1  x  2  x  1
2 2
x2  x  1 1 1 1
  x 1  x  2 dx  2 x  1 dx  3  x  2 dx    x  1 dx
2 2
1
 2log x  1  3log x  2  C
 x  1
Question 23:
1 x
Integrate tan 1
1 x
Solution 23:
1 x
I = tan 1
1 x
Let x  cos  dx   sin  d
1  cos
I   tan 1   sin  d 
1  cos

2sin 2
   tan 1 2 sin  d
2
2 cos
2

  tan 1 tan .sin  d
2
1
    .sin  d
2
1
   .   cos   1.   cos  d 
2
1
    cos   sin  
2
1 1
   cos   sin 
2 2
1 1
 cos1 x.x  1  x2  C
2 2
x 1
 cos1  1  x2  C
2 2
1

 x cos1 x  1  x2  C
2


Question 24:
x2  1 log  x2  1  2log x 
Integrate
x4
Solution 24:
x2  1 log  x2  1  2log x  x2  1 
  log  x2  1  log x2 
x4 x 4
x2  1   x2  1 
 log  
x4   x2 
x2  1  1 
 log 1  2 
 x 
4
x
1 x2  1  1 
 log 1  2 
x3  x 
2
x
1 1  1 
 1  2 log 1  2 
 x 
3
x x
1 2
Let 1  2  t  3 dx  dt
x x
1 1  1 
 I   3 1  2 log 1  2  dx
x x  x 
1
   t log tdt
2
1 1
   t 2 .log tdt
2
1 1
 d  2  
1
I   log t. t .dt   log t   t dt  dt 
2
2   dt   
 3 3 
1  t 2
1 t2 
  log t.   . dt 
2 3 t 3 
 2 2 
1 2 3
2 1 
   t 2 log t   t 2 dt 
2 3 3 
1  2 32 4 32 
   t log t  t 
2 3 9 
1 3 2 3
  t 2 log t  t 2
3 9
1 3
2
  t 2 log t  
3  3

3
1 1 2   1  2
  1  2  log 1  2     C
3 x    x  3
Question 25:
x  1  sin x 

2 e  1  cos x  dx

Solution 25:
  1  sin x 
I   ex   dx
2  1  cos x 
 x x
  1  2sin cos 
  e x  2 2 dx

x
2  2sin 2 
 2 
 x 

cos ec2
   2  cot  dx
x

2  2 2
 
x
Let f  x    cot
2
 1 x 1 x
 f '  x      cos ec 2   cos ec 2
 2 2 2 2
 I   e x  f  x   f '  x  dx

2

 e x . f  x  dx  
2

 x
  e x .cot 
 2 
2

  
  e .cot  e 2 .cot 
 2 4

  
  e .0  e 2 .1
 

 e2
Question 26:

sin x cos x
0
4
cos4 x  sin 4 x
dx
Solution 26:


sin x cos x
Let I   4 dx
0 cos4 x  sin 4 x
(sin x cos x)

 I  4 cos 4 x dx
0
 cos4 x  sin 4 x 
cos 4 x

tan x sec2 x
I  4 dx
0 1  tan 4 x
Let tan2 x  t  2tan x sec2 xdx  dt


When x = 0, t = 0 and when x  ,t 1
4
1 1 dt
2 0 1  t 2
I 
1 1
  tan 1 t 
2 0
1
  tan 1 1tan 1 0 
2
1  
  
24


8
Question 27:

cos2 xdx
0
2
cos2 x  4sin 2 x
Solution 27:

cos2 x
Let I   2 dx
0 cos 2 x  4sin 2 x

cos2 x
I 2 dx
0
cos2 x  4 1  cos2 x 

cos2 x
I  2
dx
cos2 x  4  4cos2 x
0
1  4  3cos2 x
I  2 dx
3 0 cos2 x  4  4cos2 x
1  4  3cos2 x 1 2 4
I  2 dx   dx
3 0 4  3cos x 2
3 0 4  3cos2 x
1 2 1 2 4sec2 x
 I   1dx   dx
3 0 3 0 4sec2 x  3

1 2 1 2 4sec2 x
I   x0  0 dx
3 3 4 1  tan 2 x   3
2 2 2sec2 x

... 1
6 3 0 1  4 tan 2 x
I   dx

2sec2 x
Consider,  2 dx
0 1  4tan 2 x
Let 2 tanx = t  2sec2xdx = dt


When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = ,t= 
2

2sec2 x  dt
 2
dx  0 1  t 2
0 1  4 tan 2 x

  tan 1 t 
0
  tan 1
    tan 1  0


2
Therefore, from (1), we obtain
 2     
I      
6 32 3 6 6
Question 28:

sin x  cos x

3
6 sin 2 x
dx
Solution 28:

sin x  cos x
Let I  3 dx
6 sin 2 x

 I  3
sin x  cos x  dx
6    sin 2 x 

sin x  cos x
 I  3 dx
6   1  1  2sin cos x 
 I  3

sin x  cos x  dx
6 1   sin 2 x cos2 x  2sin x cos x 
 I  3
 sin x  cos x  dx

1   sin x  cos x 
2
6
Let  sin x  cos x   t   sin x  cos x  dx  dt

  1 3    3 1 
when x  , t    and when x = , t   
6  2  3  2 
3 1
dt
I  2
1 3
2 1 t2
3 1
dt
 I    12 3



2  1 t 2
1 1 1
As  , therefore, is an even function.
1   t  1 t2 1 t2
2
 f  x  dx  2 f  x  dx
a a
-a 0
It is known that if f(x) is an even function, then

3 1
dt
 I  2 2
0
1 t2
3 1
  2sin 1 t  2
0
 3 1 
 2sin 1   = 2(π/12) = π/6
 2 
Question 29:
dx

1
0
1 x  x
Solution 29:
dx
Let I  
1
0
1 x  x
I 
1 
1

1 x  x dx
0
 1 x  x   1 x  x

1  1  x  x  dx
0 1 x  x
  1  xdx  
1 1
xdx
0 0
1 1
2 2
 2 3

  1  x  3    x  2 
3 0  3 0
2 2
 2
  2  3  1  1
3  3
2
2
  2 3
3

2.2 2

3
4 2

3
Question 30:

sin x  cos x
0
4
9  16sin 2 x
dx
Solution 30:

sin x  cos x
Let I =  4
9  16sin 2 x
0
dx
Also let sin x – cos x = t  (cos x + sinx) dx = dt

When x = 0, t = - 1 and when x = , t = 0
4
  sin x  cos x   t
2 2
 sin 2  cos2  2sin x cos x  t 2

 1  sin 2 x  t 2
 sin 2 x  1  t 2
dt
I  
0
1
9  16 1  t 2 
dt

0
1 9  16  16t 2
dt dt
 
0 0
1 25  16t
 5   4t 
2 1 2 2
0
1 1 5  4t 
  log 
4  2  5 5  4t  1
1  1
  log 1  log 
40  9
1
 log 9
40
Question 31:

 2
sin 2 x tan 1  sin x  dx
0
Solution 31:
 
Let I   2 sin 2 x tan 1 sin x  dx   2 2sin x cos x tan 1 sin x  dx
0 0

Also, let sin x = t  cos x dx = dt


When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = ,t=1
2
 I  2 t tan 1 (t ) dt
1
… (1)
0
d
Consider  t.tan 1 tdt  tan 1 t. tdt   
 dt

tan 1 t   tdt  dt
2 2
t 1 t
 tan 1 t.   . dt
2 1 t2 2
t 2 tan 1 t 1 t 2  1  1
   dt
2 2 1 t2
t 2 tan 1 t 1 1 1
   1.dt   dt
2 2 2 1 t2
t 2 tan 1 t 1 1
  .t  tan 1 t
2 2 2
1
 t 2 tan 1 t t 1 1 
  t.tan tdt  
1
1
  tan t 
0
 2 2 2 0
1  
  1  
24 4
1    1
   1  
22  4 2
 1  
I  2     1
 4 2 2
Question 32:
 x tan x
0 sec x  tan x dx
Solution 32:
 x tan x
Let  dx ... 1
0 sec x  tan x

I  
0
   x  tan   x  

 sec    x   tan    x 

 dx



0
a
f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
a
0 
    x  tan x 
 
I    dx
0

   sec x  tan x  

   x  tan x
I  dx ...  2
0 sec x  tan x

  tan x
2I   dx
0 sec x  tan x
sin x

 2I  cos x dx
0 1 sin x

cos x cos x
 sin x  1  1
 2I  dx
0 1  sin x
  1
 2I    1.dx    dx
0 0 1  sin x
 1  sin x
   x0   

 2I dx
0 cos 2 x
 2I   2     sec2 x  tan x sec x  dx


 2I   2    tan x  sec x0


 2I   2    tan   sec   tan 0  sec0

 2I   2   0   1  0  1
 2I   2  2
 2 I     2 

I    2 
2
Question 33:

4
 x 1  x  2  x  3 dx
1
Solution 33:
  x 1  x  2  x  3 dx
4
Let I =
1
 I   x 1 dx   x  2 dx   x  3 dx
4 4 4
1 1 1
I  I1  I 2  I3 ...1
where, I1   x  1 dx, I 2   x  2 dx, and I 3   x  3 dx
4 4 4
1 1 1
I1   x  1 dx
4
 x  1  0 for 1  x  4
 I1   ( x  1) dx
4
1
4
 x2 
 I1    x 
2 1

 1  9
 I1  8  4   1  ...  2 
 2  2
I 2   x  2 dx
4
1
x  2  0 for 2  x  4 and x  2  0 for 1  x  2
 I 2    2  x  dx    x  2 dx
2 4
1 2
2 4
 x   x2 2

 I 2  2 x      2 x 
 2 1  2 2
 1
 I 2  4  2  2    8  8  2  4
 2
1 5
 I2   2  ...  3
2 2
I3   x  3 dx
4
1
x  3  0 for 3  x  4 and x  3  0 for 1  x  3
 I3    3  x  dx    x  3 dx
3 4
1 3
3 4
 x   x2 2

 I3  3x      3x 
 2 1  2 3
 9 1  9 
 I3  9   3    8  12   9
 2 2  2 
1 5
 I3  6  4     ...  4
2 2
From equations (1), (2), (3), and (4), we obtain
9 5 5 19
I   
2 2 2 2
Question 34:
dx 2 2
Prove  2
3
  log
1 x
 x  1 3 3
Solution 34:
dx

3
Let I =
1 x  x  1
2
1 A B C
Also, let   2
x  x  1
2
x x x 1
 1  Ax  x  1  B  x  1  C  x 2 
 1  Ax2  Ax  Bx  B  Cx2
A+C=0

A+B=0
B=1
A = −1, C = 1, and B = 1
1 1 1 1
 2   2
x  x  1 x x  x  1
3
 1 1 1  
 I     2   dx
1
 x x  x  1 
 
3
 1 
  log x   log  x  1
 x 1
3
  x 1  1 
 log   
  x  x 1
 4 1  2
 log     log    1
 3 3 1
2
 log 4  log 3  log 2 
3
2
 log 2  log 3 
3
 2 2
 log   
 3 3
Hence, the given result is proved.
Question 35:

4
Prove xe x dx  1
0
Solution 35:

4
Let I = xe x dx
0

1  d  
I  x  e x dx     x    e x dx dx
4
0 0
 dx  
  xe x    e x dx
1 1
0 0
1 1
  xe x   e x 
0 0
 e  e 1
1

Question 36:

1
Prove x17 cos4 xdx  0
1
Solution 36:
Let I   x17 cos4 xdx
1
1
Also, let f  x   x17 cos4 x

 f   x     x  cos4   x    x17 cos4 x   f  x 
17
Therefore, f (x) is an odd function.
 f  x  dx  0
a
It is known that if f(x) is an odd function, then
a
 I   x cos xdx  0
1
17 4
1
Question 37:

2
Prove 
0
2
sin3 xdx 
3
Solution 37:

Let I   2 sin3 xdx
0

I   2 sin 2 x.sin xdx
0

  2 1  cos2 x  sin xdx
0
 
  sin xdx   2 cos2 x.sin xdx
2
0 0

 cos3 x  2

   cos x02   
 3 0
1 1 2
 1   1  1  
3 3 3
Question 38:

Prove 
0
4
2 tan3 xdx  1  log 2
Solution 38:

Let I   4 2 tan3 xdx
0

 
I   4 2 tan 2 x tan xdx  2 4 sec2 x 1 tan xdx
0 0
 
 2 4 sec2 x tan xdx  2 4 tan xdx
0 0

 tan 2 x  4 
 2   2  log cos x 0
4
 2 0
  
 1  2 log cos  log cos 0
 4 
 1 
 1  2 log  log1
 2 
 1  log 2  log1  1  log 2
Question 39:

 sin
1
1
Prove xdx  1
0 2
Solution 39:
 sin xdx
1
1
Let
0
 I   sin x.1.dx
1
1
0

1
I  sin 1 x.x   
1 1
.xdx
0 0
1  x2
1 1  2 x 
  x sin 1 x   
1
dx
0 2 0 1  x2
Let 1 – x2 = t ⇒ −2x dx = dt
1 1 dt
I   x sin 1 x   
1
0 2 0 t
1 0
  x sin 1 x   2 t 
1
0 2 1
 sin 1 1   1


 1
2
Question 40:

e
1
2 3 x
Evaluate dx as a limit of a sum.
0
Solution 40:
e
1
2 3 x
Let I = dx
0
It is known that,
 f  x  dx  b  a  lim n  f  a   f  a  h  ...  f  a   n 1 h 

b 1
a n
ba
where, h 
n
Here, a  0, b  1, and f  x   e2 3 x
1 0 1
h 
n n
  e23x dx  1  0 lim  f  0  f  0  h   ...  f  0   n 1 h 
1 1
0 n n
1
 lim e2  e23 x  ...  e23 n1h 
n n
1

 lim e2 1  e3h  e6h  e9h  ...  e3 n1h 
n n   
1  2 1   e  
  3h n 
 lim e  
n n 
 1   e3h  
  
   n  
3
1  2 1  e n 
 lim e  3 
n n 

  1  e  n 
1  e 1  e  
2 3
 lim
n n  
3

 1 e n 
1 1 
 e2  e3  1 lim  3 
n n   
 e n  1
 3 

 1 n 
 e  e  1 lim     3 
2 3
n
 3   n 
e 1
 
 3 
e2  e3  1   
 lim  3 n 
3 n 
 e n  1
 
e  e  1
2 3
 x 
 1  lim x 
3  n  e  1

 e 1  e 2

3
1 1
  e2  
3 e
Question 41:
dx
 ex  e x is equal to
 
A. tan -1 e x  C
B. tan  e   C
-1 x
C. log  e  e   C
x x
D. log  e  e   C
x x
Solution 41:
dx ex
Let I   dx   e2 x  1 dx
e x  e x
Also, let ex  t  ex dx  dt
dt
I  
1 t2
 tan 1 t  C
 tan 1  e x   C
Question 42:
cos 2 x
 sin x  cos x  2
dx is
1
A. C
sin x  cos x
B. log sin x  cos x  C
C. log sin x  cos x  C
1
D. C equal to
sin x  cos x 
2
Solution 42:
cos 2 x
Let I   dx
2

cos2 x  sin 2 x
I  dx
2

 co s x  sin x  cos x  sin x dx
2
cos x  sin x
 dx
cos x  sin x
Let cos x  sin x  t   cos x  sin x  dx  dt
dt
I  
t
 log t  C
 log cos x  sin x  C
Question 43:
 xf  x  dx is equal to
b
If f (a + b – x) = f (x), then
a
ab b
f  b  x  dx
2 a
A.
ab b
f  b  x  dx
2 a
B.
ba b
f  x  dx
2 a
C.
a b b
f  x  dx
2 a
D.
Solution 43:
 xf  x  dx
b
Let I = … (1)
a
I    a  b  x  f  a  b  x  dx
a
b
a
b
f  x  dx   f  a  b  x  dx
b
a 
 I    a  b  x  f  x  dx
b
 I   a  b   f  x  dx  I using 1
b
 I  I   a  b   f  x  dx
b
 2I   a  b   f  x  dx
b
 ab  b
I    f  x  dx
 2  a

Question 44:
 2x 1 
 tan
1
1
The value of  2 
dx is
0
 1 x  x 
A. 1
B. 0
C. − 1

D.
4
Solution 44:
 2x 1 
Let I   tan 1 
1
2 
dx
0
 1 x  x 
 x  (1  x 
 I   tan 1 
1
 dx
 1  x 1  x  
0
 I    tan 1 x  tan 1 1  x  dx ... 1

1
 I    tan 1 1  x   tan 1 1 1  x  dx

1
 I    tan 1 1  x   tan 1  x  dx

1
 I    tan 1 1  x   tan 1  x  dx ...  2 

1
0
 2I    tan 1 x  tan 1 1  x   tan 1 1  x   tan 1 x dx
1
 2I  0
I 0

58 D 4 Efcce 4 B 0 F 6 C 0 A 90 CDC 44

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Class XII – NCERT – Maths Chapter-07 - Integrals

  2sec2 xdx  3 tan x sec xdx

   x3 13 x5dx    x3 13 x3 .x2 dx

where C is an arbitrary constant.

where C is an arbitrary constant.

It is known that, cos A cos B 

 cos2x 1   cos6x cos4 x 

1  cos x x sin x  2sin 2 cos 2 ;cos x  2 cos 2  1

1  sin  x  b    x  a  

1 sin  x  b  cos  x  a   cos  x  b  sin  x  a 

(A) tan x + cot x + C (B) tan x + cosec x + C

where C is an arbitrary constant.

where C is an arbitrary constant.

 log tan x  tan 2 x  4  C

From equation (2), we obtain

where C is an arbitrary constant.

Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), we obtain

Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), we obtain

Where C is an arbitrary constant

Equating the coefficients of x2, x and constant term, we obtain

Equating the coefficients of x2, x and constant term, we obtain

It can be seen that the given integrand is not a proper fraction.

Let I   x cos1 xdx

Where C is an arbitrary constant.

It is known that,  ex  f  x   f '  x  dx  e x f  x   C

Where C is an arbitrary constant.

From equation (1), we obtain

Where C is an arbitrary constant.

It is known that,  ex  f  x   f '  x  dx  e x f  x   C

Integrating by parts, we obtain

Integrating by parts, we obtain

Also, let x 3 = t so 3x2 dx  dt

Let I   ex sec x 1  tan x  dx   ex sec x  sec x tan x  dx

1 1  n  n  1 2n 1  4  n  n 1 

Let I  I1  I 2 , where I1   x2dx and I 2   xdx ...1

 3lim 1  1  h   ...  1   n  1 h 

Here, a  1, b  1, and f  x   e x

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 100

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 101

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 102

 tan xdx   log cos x  F  x 

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 103

 cosec xdx  log cosec x  cot x  F  x 

By second fundamental theorem of calculus, we obtain

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 104

By second fundamental theorem of calculus, we obtain

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 105

 1  cos 2 x  x sin 2 x 1  sin 2 x 

By second fundamental theorem of calculus, we obtain

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 106

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 107

Dividing 5x2 by x2  4x  3 , we obtain

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 108

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 109

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 110

By second fundamental theorem of calculus, we obtain

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 111

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 112

Also, let sin   t  cosd  dt

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 113

7.Integrals www.vedantu.com 114

   tan 1 0  tan 1 1