LEARNING OUTCOME

1. Student should be able to know the dissolution rate between two different
panadol.

OBJECTIVE

1. Able to conduct the tablet dissolution experiment

RESULT

1 1/2 1/4

Standard Before 0.5964 - P 0.5920 - P 0.5910 - P

panadol
0.8625 - F 0.8330 - F 0.8303 - F

Weight After 0.0955 - P 0.0850 - P 0.0617 - P

(g)
Panadol Before 1.3476 - P 1.3447 - P 1.2770 - P

actifast 0.8507 - F 1.1793 - F 1.1785 - F

After 0.1773 - P 0.2157 - P 0.1755 - P

NOTES :

 P for panadol

 F for filter paper

CALCULATION:

Dissolution rate
= Weight of panadol before dissolved – weight of panadol after dissolved x100
with filter paper with filter paper
Weight of panadol before dissolved with filter paper

Panadol

Size : Full

= ((0.5964+0.8625)-0.0955)) / (0.5964+0.8625) x 100

= 93.45%

Size : 1/2

=(( 0.5920 + 0.8330) - 0.0850)) / ( 0.5920 + 0.8330) x 100

=94.01%

Size : 1/4

=((0.5910 +0.8303) - 0.0617)) / (0.5910 +0.8303) x 100

=95.66%

Panadol Actifast

Size : Full

= ((1.3476 +0.8507)) - 0.1773 / (1.3476 +0.8507) x 100

= 91.93%

Size :1/2

= ((1.3447 +1.1793)) – 0.2157 / (1.3447 +1.1793) x 100

=91.45%
Size : 1/4

= ((1.2770+1.1785)) – 0.1755 / (1.2770+1.1785) x 100

=92.85%

DISCUSSION

During this experiment, the Panadol and Panadol Activefast was classified into 3 sizes
which were full size, 1/2 and 1/4. The results shown the disssolution rates for the 1/4
size of Panadol was 95.66%. The greater surface area which was the ¼ of the original
size of the Panadol show the higher dissolution rate compare to the full and ½ of the
size. This showed the greater the surface area of the Panadol produced the higher
dissolution rates. Hence, it is effectiveness for the absorption in the body.

Next test during the experiment was to compare between the effectiveness of Panadol
and Panadol Actifast. For Panadol of 500mg, each tablet contain 500mg of
paracetamol. While for the Panadol ActiFast, each tablet contain 500mg of
paracetamol + 173mg of sodium. The key different actually lies in the excipient
(non-active ingredients content of the tablet). Sodium bicarbonate is an excipient in
the formulation which has a role in increasing the rates of gastric emptying (hence
movement of drugs from the stomach into small intestine) and that of dissolution and
hence the speed of absorption of paracetamol to provide faster onset of relief.

During this experiment, the result shown for the Panadol Actifast of 1/4 size is
92.85% while for the Panadol of 1/4 size is 95.66%. The result showed dissolution
rates for Panadol Actifast is lower compare to the Panadol, there is error regarding
this result. This is because, in a fact there a must for the dissolution rates for Panadol
Actifast have higher dissolution rate compare to the Panadol. During this experiment
there was error occurred such as the Panadol are not fully transferred to the filter
paper. In order to improve this experiment, the method to divide the Panadol into
different of sizes should use the correct apparatus to make it in accurate size of half
and ¼ of original size of the Panadol. Furthermore, during the process of transferred
the solution of Panadol into the filter paper, make sure all the Panadol was fully
transferred, it might affected the mass of Panadol after weighed. Excessive peculiarity
of the agitator device can also affect the dissolution rates, adjust the peculiarity of the
agitator device. Besides that, make sure not to use higher temperature as it will affect
the dissolution rates. The stirring shaft of the dissolution device must
rotate smoothly without significant wobble in order to get achieve efficiency
in this experiment.

CONCLUSION

As a conclusion,from the result percentage of dissolution rate for standard

panadol is higher than panadol actifast. But,the theory shown that panadol actifast is
more dissolution than standard panadol. Panadol actifast is twice as fast as standard
panadol if it is taken in 2 tablets per dose (EliXir,2011).

Recommendation for this experiment to prevent the error is to make sure the rest
of panadol been dissolved is used to weight after being heated in oven at 60˚C.Not
only that,the experiment can be done a few times to get the accurate value.
REFERENCE

Xiao Ning, Jin Sun, Xiaopeng Han, Yue Wu, Zhongtian Yan, Jihong Han & Zhonggui
He (2011) Strategies to improve dissolution and oral absorption of glimepiride tablets:
solid dispersion versus micronization techniques, Drug Development and Industrial
Pharmacy, 37:6, 727-736

Jackson K, Young D. Pant, S. Drug–excipient interactionsand their affect on

absorption. Pharm Sci Technolo Today.2000;3(10):336-345.

Retrieved from :
https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/21529/SPC/panadol%20actifast/