6)
pada persamaan (4.78) !
Appendix A.6
Binomial Expansion
(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 + 𝑛𝑎𝑛−1 𝑏
Persamaan (4.78)
𝑉1
𝑉𝑑 =
sin(𝜃𝑐 + 𝜀 )
𝑉1
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑐 sin 𝜀
= 𝑉1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑐 sin 𝜀)−1
1 cos 𝜃𝑐 sin 𝜀
= 𝑉1 ( − )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 )2
1 cos 𝜃𝑐 sin 𝜀
= 𝑉1 ( − (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 )−1 )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀
1 1
= 𝑉1 ( − cot 𝜃𝑐 tan 𝜀)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀
1 cot 𝜃𝑐 tan 𝜀
= 𝑉1 ( − )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀
𝑉1 1 − cot 𝜃𝑐 tan 𝜀
= ( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀
sin 𝜀
𝑉1 1 − cot 𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀
= ( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀
𝑉1 1
= ( − cot 𝜃𝑐 sin 𝜀)
𝑉1 cos 𝜀
𝑉2
1
= 𝑉2 ( − cot 𝜃𝑐 sin 𝜀)
cos 𝜀
Dimana 𝜀 ≪ maka ≈ 0 , cos 𝜀 ≈ 1
sin 𝜀 = 𝜀
Jadi , 𝑉𝑑 ≈ 𝑉2 (1 − 𝜀 cot 𝜃𝑐 )
𝑉1
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑐 sin 𝜀
Maka,
1 cos 𝜃𝑐 sin 𝜀
= 𝑉1 ( + )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 )2
1 cos 𝜃𝑐 sin 𝜀
= 𝑉1 ( + (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 )−1 )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀
1 1
= 𝑉1 ( + cot 𝜃𝑐 tan 𝜀)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀
1 cot 𝜃𝑐 tan 𝜀
= 𝑉1 ( + )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀
𝑉1 1 + cot 𝜃𝑐 tan 𝜀
= ( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀
sin 𝜀
𝑉1 1 + cot 𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀
= ( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 cos 𝜀
𝑉1 1
= ( + cot 𝜃𝑐 sin 𝜀)
𝑉1 cos 𝜀
𝑉2
1
= 𝑉2 ( + cot 𝜃𝑐 sin 𝜀)
cos 𝜀
sin 𝜀 = 𝜀
Jadi , 𝑉𝑢 ≈ 𝑉2 (1 + 𝜀 cot 𝜃𝑐 )
2. Buat grafik hubungan travel time – distance dengan geometri seperti gambar di
bawah ini.
Diketahui:
Z = 30 meter
∆Z= 0.3 meter
𝑉1 = 150 m/s
𝑉2 = 300 m/s
𝑥 = 300 meter
𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑦𝑎𝑘𝑛𝑦𝑎 𝑔𝑒𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 12 𝑏𝑢𝑎ℎ
Penyelesaian:
√(𝑉22 − 𝑉12 )
∆𝑡 = ∆𝑍 2𝑍 𝑥
𝑉1 𝑉2 𝑡𝑔𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑠𝑖 = cos 𝜃𝑐 +
𝑉1 𝑉2
𝑥
𝑡𝑔𝑒𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑢𝑛𝑔 =
𝑉1 𝑡𝑔𝑒𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑢 = 𝑡𝑔𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑠𝑖 + ∆𝑍