Back to Basics
February 2008
1 © 2008 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com
Agenda
Data Guard
The Theory
The Reality
Primary Standby
Database Database
Site 1 Site 2
2
T_
ES
_D
IVE
Online Standby
CH
Redo Redo
AR
G_
Log Log
LO
ARC0 ARC1 ARCn
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1
Archived Archived
Redo Redo
Logs Logs
Online Standby
Redo LNSn Redo
Log Log
ARCn ARCn
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1
Archived Archived
Redo Redo
Logs Logs
Online Standby
Redo Redo
Log Log
ARCn ARCn
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1
Archived Archived
Redo Redo
Logs Logs
Observer
Primary Standby
Node 1 Node 2
Site3
Database Database
Site1 Site2
Disadvantages
Active / Passive
Requires Enterprise Edition licence
Remaining infrastructure must also failover
Network
Application tier
Clients
Standard Edition
Cannot use Data Guard
Use user-defined scripts to transport redo
Use Automatic Recovery to apply redo
Manually resolve archive log gaps
Enterprise Edition
Use Managed Recovery to apply redo
Use Fetch Archive Logging to resolve archive log gaps
Additional licenses required for Active Data Guard
Rebuild times
Can take minutes using flashback logging
Can take much longer depending on reason for failover
Redundancy
Duplicate components
If component fails another can be used
Active-Active or Active-Passive
Examples include
Power Supplies
RAID
Bonded Networks
IO Multipathing
Oracle RAC
Storage
Network
Shared
Storage
Current Blocks
Blocks can be updated by any instance
Only current version of a block can be updated
Only one current version of a block can exist across all
instances
Oracle Clusterware
Mandatory for RAC in Oracle 10.1 and above
Known as Cluster Ready Services (CRS) 10.1 only
Can be combined with vendor clusterware
IBM HA/CMP
HP ServiceGuard
Sun Cluster
Must be running before ASM/RDBMS instances can be
started on a node
Can be used with non-RAC databases and applications
Oracle 10.2 and above
iSCSI
SCSI protocol - block based
Packets sent over dedicated IP network
Can use standard network components
Processing often offloaded to NIC firmware
NFS
File-based
Uses standard network components
Enterprise Edition
RAC option 50% extra (per EE license)
No limit on number of nodes
No limit on number of CPUs
Can use any shared storage (ASM, CFS or NFS)
Can use Enterprise Manager Packs (Diagnostics, Tuning..)
+ASM1 +ASM2
PMON SMON LGWR DBWn ARCH PMON SMON LGWR DBWn ARCH
LMON LCK0 LMD0 LMSn DIAG LMON LCK0 LMD0 LMSn DIAG
PROD1 PROD2
PMON SMON LGWR DBWn ARCH PMON SMON LGWR DBWn ARCH
LMON LCK0 LMD0 LMSn DIAG LMON LCK0 LMD0 LMSn DIAG
Node 1 Node 2
Storage
Network
Shared
Stoage
Resources
Resources
Throughput Throughput
Disadvantages
Increased Planned downtime
Complexity
Dependencies
Skills
Costs
Redundant hardware
Servers, Storage, NIC, HBA, Switches, Fabric
Oracle licenses
Experienced staff
Application modifications
PROD1 PROD2
SERVICE1 PREFERRED AVAILABLE
50 © 2008 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com
RAC
Extended Clusters
Currently the Holy Grail of high availability
Quorum
Instance 1 Instance 2
Node 1 Node 2
Site3
Storage
Storage
Network
Network
Database Database
Site1 Site2
Primary Standby
Single-instance Single instance
RAC Single instance
RAC RAC
Single instance RAC
Oracle Products
Oracle Streams
Oracle Clusterware
Acceptable performance
ASM instance provides metadata
RDBMS instances read and write blocks directly from files
References
http://www.juliandyke.com/References/References.html
Questions
info@juliandyke.com