Ergonomics and User Centered Design 18.09.2013

Ergonomics
&
User Centered Design
Subir Das, Ph.D

subirdas@nid.edu
What is “Ergonomics”?
Making tasks
The rules User-friendly Human-machine
Fit the task of work Interface
to the person
Ergonomics & User Centered Design, Dr. Subir Das, NID, 18.09.2013 2
What is “Ergonomics”?
Definition by IEA
Science of fitting products,

workplace conditions and job
demands to the capabilities of
the user population
The Human Factors
People Are Different
Office
Furniture
People Have Limitations
People Have Predictable Reactions
ON OFF
OFF ON
?
Human Error
Different Branches
Physical Ergonomics
Cognitive Ergonomics
Organizational Ergonomics
Ergonomics in Last 60 Years
1950s: Military Ergonomics
1960s: Industrial Ergonomics
1970s: Consumer Products Ergonomics
1980s: Human Computer Interaction and Software Ergonomics
1990s: Cognitive Ergonomics and Organization Ergonomics
2000s: Internet and Global Communication
2010s: Life Style Hazards
Principle 1: Work in Neutral Postures
 Back with its natural “S-curve” intact
 Neck in its proper alignment
 Elbows held naturally at the sides of
the body and the shoulders relaxed
 Wrists in line with the forearm
Ranges of Motion of the Wrist
Flexion and Extension Radial and Ulnar Deviation
(Adapted from American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1965).
Grip Strength Changes with Wrist Position
Adapted from (SUNYAB-IE, 1982/1983).
Carpal Tunnel, Inside of Wrist
• Inside view of right wrist

• Yellow nerve crosses
under flexor retinaculum
• Nerve has to share the
space with nine tendons
and tendon sheaths.
Principle 2: Reduce Excessive Force
Poor
Improved
Principle 3: Keep Everything in Easy Reach
Principle 4: Work At Proper Heights
Poor Improved
Principle 5: Avoid Repititive Motions
Principle 6: Minimize Fatigue and Static Load
Principle 7: Minimise Pressure Points
Principle 8: Provide Clearance
“Before” workbench
“After” workbench
Principle 9: Move, Exercise and Stretch
DVT
Managing DVT Through Design Intervention
 Oscillating Pads
 Anti DVT Cushion
 DVT Fitness Design

 Anti-thrombosis Stockings and Socks
 Exercise Devices to Improve

Velocity of Venous Blood Flow
 Foldable Passenger Seat
Principle 10: Maintain A Comfortable Environment
Good diffusers
Shaded windows
Indirect
lighting
Task
lighting
Task lighting often provides
a good Solution to lighting
problems.
WMSDs
WMSDs are occupational
disorders of the soft
tissues:
• muscles
• tendons
• ligaments
• joints
• blood vessels
• nerves
Tendon: A connective tissue attaching muscle to bone.
Ligaments: Are strong bands which connect bones to bones at the joint.
Cartilage: It is a soft cushioning substance which covers the ends of the bones.
Risk Factors
Risk of injury depends upon:
– Duration of exposure
– Frequency of exposure
– Intensity of exposure
– Combinations of risk factors
Risk factors equipment brings to the job
Document
Holder Palm
support
Monitor
Work
surface
Back
support
Keyboard
Knee space
Seat Base
Foot rest pan
Ergonomic Improvements
BEFORE
AFTER
BEFORE
AFTER
Unscrew Jar Opener Medication Bottle Opener
Mount the Un-Screw jar and The Multi Grip Bottle Opener
bottle opener under a cabinet gives you a wider grip for
and say good-bye to difficult to opening child-proof caps on
open jars. medication or cleaning bottles.
Eye Drop Squeezer
If you have weak or
unsteady hands, these
aids are indispensable
for delivering eye drops.
Eye Drop Guide

Eye Drop Aids will help
you administer eye drops
without aid from a
caregiver.
Easy-to-Grasp Key Holder Handy-bar Car Aid
Easy to hold & turn, this key The Handy-bar offers
accessory offers extra support to help you out
leverage to help you turn the of the car safely and
key in a lock. securely.
Swing Seat
Expensive ergonomic products don’t always create a fit !
Individualize Solutions
No One Solution For All

People come in all shapes and sizes- what works for
one person may or may not work for another.
Ergonomics is a puzzle to be put together for each

individual.
What works today may or may not work later. We

all change due to time and other circumstances.
Work in Neutral Postures Reduce Excessive Force
Keep Everything in Easy Reach
Work At Proper Heights Avoid Repetitive Motions
Principles of Ergonomics
Minimize Fatigue and Static Load Minimize Pressure Points
Provide Clearance
Move, Exercise and Stretch Maintain A Comfortable Environment
Thank You

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Ergonomics

Subir Das, Ph.D

Science of fitting products,

1950s: Military Ergonomics

1960s: Industrial Ergonomics

1970s: Consumer Products Ergonomics

1980s: Human Computer Interaction and Software Ergonomics

1990s: Cognitive Ergonomics and Organization Ergonomics

2000s: Internet and Global Communication

2010s: Life Style Hazards

 Wrists in line with the forearm

Flexion and Extension Radial and Ulnar Deviation

(Adapted from American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1965).

Adapted from (SUNYAB-IE, 1982/1983).

• Inside view of right wrist

 Anti DVT Cushion

 DVT Fitness Design

 Exercise Devices to Improve

 Foldable Passenger Seat

– Combinations of risk factors

Eye Drop Guide

No One Solution For All

Ergonomics is a puzzle to be put together for each

What works today may or may not work later. We

Keep Everything in Easy Reach

Work At Proper Heights Avoid Repetitive Motions

Minimize Fatigue and Static Load Minimize Pressure Points

Move, Exercise and Stretch Maintain A Comfortable Environment

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