RAMOS, Carl Joshua

RAMOS, Diego
RAMOS, Rollene
SAMONTE, Dana

Exercise 4 Pig Embryo

1. What is the urogenital sinus? If traced posteriorly, the mesonephric duct can be
seen to be continuous with this structure, why is that so?

When the urethra fuses with the vagina, it forms the urogenital sinus, which is a
long connection to the external genitalia. The mesonephric ducts opens into the newly
formed urogenital sinus, posteriorly continuous with the allantois where it empties its
contents.

2. Differentiate anterior, posterior, ans common cardinal vein in terms of location in

the embryo?
At the intersection of posterior and cardinal vein, we can see the common
cardinal vein. The reason why it is called as common cardinal vein is because it serves
as the junction between the anterior and posterior cardinal vein. On the other hand, the
anterior cardinal vein serves as a drainage for the anterior part of the pig embryo. Lastly,
the posterior cardinal vein that is found caudally to the heart joins with the right and left
cardinal vein to form the left cardinal vein.

3. What is the fate of the nephrotome?

The nephrotome will develop into the pronephros and mesenchyme which will
later differentiate into mesonephros and metanephros.

4. How can you distinguish between Froriep’s ganglion and spinal ganglion in serial
sections? What about a Jugular from a Petrosal and Superior ganglion?

Even though they are located dorsally in the embryo, Froriep ganglion can be
seen by finding first the hypoglossal nerve in the embryo and at its dorsal aspect, we will
find the Froriep ganglion, however, spinal ganglion are located in the enlarged region of
the spinal root and contain some sensory neurons and continuous to the dorsal root. In
distinguishing between the Jugular from Petrosal and Superior ganglion is that, Jugular
fades about in the 4th aortic arch, so if the section have its 4th aortic arch, more likely
that it will be a petrosal or superior ganglion already, while superior ganglion can be
located at the caudal side of the auditory vesicle it will just be replaced by the petrosal
ganglion.