Shutdown SIS

Previous Screen

Product: EXCAVATOR
Model: 320D EXCAVATOR FAL
Configuration: 320D & 320D L Excavators FAL00001-UP (MACHINE)
POWERED BY C6.4 Engine

Systems Operation
C4.2 and C6.4 Engines for Caterpillar Built Machines
Media Number -KENR6741-04 Publication Date -01/10/2007 Date Updated -30/10/2007

i02877879

Air Inlet and Exhaust System

SMCS - 1050

Illustration 1 g01432299

Air Inlet and Exhaust System Schematic

(1) Exhaust manifold

(2) Inlet manifold

(3) Engine cylinder

(4) Air inlet heater

(5) Turbocharger compressor wheel

(6) Turbocharger turbine wheel

(7) Air inlet

(8) Exhaust outlet

(9) Turbocharger

The components of the air inlet and the components of the exhaust system control the quality of available air
for combustion. The components of the air inlet and the components of the exhaust system also control the
amount of available air for combustion. The air inlet and the exhaust system consist of the following
components:

Air cleaner

Inlet manifold

Cylinder head

Valves

Valve components

Exhaust manifold

Turbocharger

Turbocharger compressor wheel (5) pulls clean inlet air from the air cleaner through air inlet (7) . The
rotation of turbocharger compressor wheel (5) causes compression of the air and the rotation of the
turbocharger compressor wheel forces the air through inlet manifold (2) to the inlet valves in the cylinder
head. The inlet valves control the air flow into each engine cylinder.

There is two inlet and two exhaust valve for each cylinder. Refer to "Valves and Valve System
Components". The inlet valves open when the piston moves down on the inlet stroke. Compressed air from
inlet manifold (2) is pulled into engine cylinder (3) . The inlet valve closes. The piston starts to move up on
the compression stroke. When the piston is near the top of the compression stroke, fuel is injected into the
engine cylinder. The fuel mixes with the air and combustion begins. The force of combustion pushes the
piston downward. The piston is pushed downward on the power stroke. The piston moves up again on the
exhaust stroke. The exhaust valve opens and the exhaust gases are pushed through the exhaust port into
exhaust manifold (1) . After the piston makes the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve closes and the cycle starts
again. The cycle consists of the following items: inlet, compression, power and exhaust.

Exhaust gases from exhaust manifold (1) go into the turbine side of turbocharger (9) and the exhaust gases
cause turbocharger turbine wheel (6) to turn. Turbocharger turbine wheel (6) and turbocharger compressor
wheel (5) are connected to the same shaft. The exhaust gases travel through the exhaust outlet (8) . The
exhaust gases travel through the exhaust system.

Turbocharger

Illustration 2 g01383945
Left side view of the C6.4 Engine

(1) Exhaust manifold

(9) Turbocharger

Turbocharger (9) is installed on the center of the exhaust manifold (1) . All of the exhaust gases from the
engine travel through turbocharger (9) . The compressor side of turbocharger (9) is connected to the elbow of
the air heater of the inlet manifold by a rubber hose.
Illustration 3 g01383952
Turbocharger

(5) Compressor wheel

(6) Turbine wheel

(10) Air inlet

(11) Compressor housing

(12) Bearing

(13) Oil inlet port

(14) Bearing

(15) Turbine housing

(16) Exhaust outlet

(17) Oil outlet port

(18) Exhaust inlet

The exhaust gases travel into the turbine housing (15) through exhaust inlet (18) . The exhaust gases push the
blades of turbocharger turbine wheel (6) . Turbocharger turbine wheel (6) and turbocharger compressor
wheel (5) have the same shaft.

Clean air from the air cleaners is pulled through the air inlet (10) of the compressor housing by the rotation
of the turbocharger compressor wheel (5) . The inlet air is compressed by the movement of the blades of the
compressor. The compression allows the engine to burn more air and fuel during combustion. The result is
greater power for the engine.

More fuel is injected into the cylinders when the load on the engine increases. More exhaust gases are
produced and turbocharger turbine wheel (6) and turbocharger compressor wheel (5) of the turbocharger turn
faster. More air is forced into the engine as turbocharger compressor wheel (5) turns faster. The engine burns
more fuel with greater efficiency because of the increased air flow. More engine power is the result.

The maximum rpm of the turbocharger is controlled by the fuel setting, the high idle speed setting, and the
height above sea level of the engine.

OTICE
If the fuel setting is higher than given in the TMI (Technical Marketing
Information), there can be damage to engine or turbocharger parts.
Damage will result when increased heat and/or friction due to the
higher engine output goes beyond the engine cooling and lubrication
systems abilities. A mechanic that has the proper training is the only
one to make the adjustment of fuel setting and high idle rpm setting.

The fuel setting adjustment is performed at the factory for a specific engine application. The governor
housing is sealed in order to prevent changes in the adjustment of the fuel. The governor housing is also
sealed in order to prevent changes of the high idle speed setting.

Bearing (12) and bearing (14) of the turbocharger use engine oil under high pressure for lubrication. The oil
passes through the oil inlet port (13) . The oil then travels through the passages in the center section for the
lubrication of the bearings. Oil from the turbocharger travels through the oil outlet port (17) in the bottom of
the center suction. The oil then travels back to the engine lubrication system.

Valves and Valve System Components

The valves and the valve system components control the flow of inlet air into the cylinder during engine
operation. The valves and the valve system components also control the flow of exhaust gases out of the
cylinder during engine operation.
Illustration 4 g01383958

Valve System Components

(19) Rocker arm

(20) Valve bridge

(21) Valve retainer

(22) Valve cap

(23) Adjustment screw

(24) Pushrod

(25) Valve spring

(26) Valve guide

(27) Valve

The inlet and exhaust valves are opened and the inlet and exhaust valves are closed by the movement of the
following components: crankshaft, camshaft, tappets, pushrods, rocker arms, valve springs and valve bridge.
Rotation of the crankshaft causes rotation of the camshaft. The camshaft gear is timed to a gear on the front
of the crankshaft. The camshaft gear is also driven by the gear on the front of the crankshaft. The rotation of
the camshaft causes the lobes to rotate. The rotation of the lobes of the camshaft cause the tappets to move.
The movement causes pushrod (24) to move rocker arm (19) . Movement of rocker arm (19) causes the inlet
and exhaust valves to open according to the firing order (injection sequence) of the engine. Valve spring (25)
for each valve makes the valve return to the closed position. The valve spring also holds the valve closed.

Copyright 1993 - 2008 Caterpillar Inc. Sun Aug 10 12:00:33 UTC+0630 2008
All Rights Reserved.
Private Network For SIS Licensees.