2019 Garden
1 Trends Report page page 16
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
PRESIDENT COMMITTEES
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PRESIDENT’S LETTER Ed Burke, Rocky Dale Gardens
5
THE VNLA/Green Works Summer Twilight Recap
We held two Summer Twilight gatherings this past summer. The
first gathering was hosted by Marijke Niles of Perennial Gardens
Plus in Starksboro, VT on August 7, 2018. Perennial Gardens Plus
specializes in low maintenance and nature-nourishing plants, as
well as hardy succulents.
Marijke was the quintessential host, inviting us into her home for
hors‘ d’oeuvres and then took us on a tour of her small retail
perennial operation and gardens. After the tour, Marijke
demonstrated the steps to potting a successful succulent container
- no matter what the shape of size.
August 28, 2018 was the second summer twilight gathering hosted
by Dan Redondo of Vermont Wetland Plant Supply (VPS), a
wholesale nursery located in Orwell, VT. VPS provides VT sourced
wetland and upland plants for the stormwater and ecological
restoration industries in VT and in the northeaster U.S. Dan spoke
about propagation techniques, see sourcing and what it is like to
operate his niche business. Dan gave tours of the greenhouses, the
shade structures, and the trench ponds use for propagation and
overwintering.
Above: Marijke’s Perennial Gardens Plus Tour.
Below: The tour at Vermont Wetland Plant Supply.
THANKS to both Marijke and Dan for being such great hosts!
THANKS to all our attendees and exhibitors who were able to make it to the
Summer Meeting & Trade Show and Summer Twilights! It is always such a pleasure
to spend time together!! Mark your calendars for our Winter Meeting and Trade
Show - February 7, 2019 - at the UVM Davis Center.
Participate in the
2018 Industry Awards Program. Get Certified in 2019!
Enter Your Projects!
Don’t delay and order
your study manual today!
www.greenworksvermont.org
888.518.6484
Entry Deadline is December 31, 2018
6
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802-398-5198 Stockbridge, VT 05772
Student 802-234-5600
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7
The 2019 Vermont Flower Show
by Kristina MacKulin
Mark your calendars for the Vermont VER MONT FLOWER SHOW
capture the imagination of so many
people in three short days on how they
Flower Show on March 1 - 3, 2019 at the
can make their outdoor/indoor living
Champlain Valley Expo. Our theme for
this next show is “Wonder - A Garden
Adventure for All Ages”! The committees
WONDER
A Garden Adventure for All Ages
spaces their own sanctuary. Attendees
come from all over Vermont, neighboring
states and Canada. When the doors open
have been planning for months!
and you hear all the oohs and aahs, it
makes this effort all worth it. The word
How do we plan for the flower show you spreads out to all ages!
ask? Believe it or not this process began
over a year ago and it takes two separate
How can you participate? The Flower
committees of 20 or so volunteers. The
Show offers various avenues for our
Garden Display Committee gets to
members and associates to participate:
dream up the 10,000 square foot display,
based upon the theme, and they dream
• become an exhibitor w/face-to-
big! Volunteers gather together in four
face contact with thousands of
short days, planting, spreading bark
attendees at member discounted
mulch, lifting and laughing as they put
rates
together another masterpiece. Once the ©2018 AMANDA BATES
For Sale from Killdeer Farm: “After many years of operating our small organic veg farm with retail greenhouse business
in Norwich, VT we are trying to ‘retire’ and sell this property. Ideal for a greenhouse/nursery operation. Includes 10 heated
greenhouses, artesian well, drip irrigation to field across the road. Includes older 3 bdrm house, large barn with walk-in cooler
rooms, and 16 acres in two parcels. 3 miles to Norwich, Hanover, NH. Contact Liz and Jake Guest us for more information
Jake.guest@wavecomm.com or liz.guest@wavecomm.com or 802 649-2916."
Visit vtc.edu/landscape-design
or contact admissions at (800) 442-8821.
9
LEONARD’S CLIPPINGS!
by Dr. Leonard Perry, UVM Horticulture Professor Emeritus
Thanks to support from your Association I’m continuing my one coneflower, or at least among a short list. Purity is a Terra
Nova introduction, patented (PP19,441) in 2008 (photo). This
perennial trials (although more limited in scope), begun
arose as a third generation seedling, with Fragrant Angel one of
during and carried out through my career at UVM.
the parents. It is upright and compact, only getting 2 feet or less
Coneflowers (Echinacea) were a genus I’ve tried over 150
high, and a bit less wide.
cultivars over the last 6 years, with 67 surviving and rated
over at least 3 years, 9 cultivars planted three times and
In the most recent News from the U and the PSS department,
dying after the first season each time. Of course the short-
literally making news:
lived nature of these is one negative and so something I was
• Stephanie Hurley made Popular Science with an article on
interested in.
making homes resilient to stormwater runoff
(www.popsci.com/green-home-improvements)
Top rated Coneflower cultivars in my zone 4b trials, with no
• Scott Merrill was the co-author of an article in Science,
stem toppling (aka flopping, another issue with many in this
“Increase in crop losses to insect pests in a warming
genus), included Baby White Swan, Happy Star, Hot Papaya,
climate” (science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6405/916)
Lucky Star, Milkshake, Purity, Rocky Top hybrid, Ruby Giant,
• One activity that I am continuing in retirement, begun by
Sombrero Salsa Red, and Virgin. Of those, those most akin to
others way before my coming to UVM, is the monthly
the species and so likely best for pollinators would be Rocky
Green Mountain Gardener press releases/garden articles
Top hybrid and Ruby Giant.
(with credit for support on each to your association). In
addition to being sent out to over 50 outlets across North
Over the past two years, with all nature can throw at these
America, they go online on my website
(cold, weeds, drought and too wet), 13 have survived and so
(perrysperennials.info) where many others pick them up.
seem to represent really tough selections. These include,
A couple recent examples—a blog posting on making rose
with ratings (1 to 3, 3 being top), the purple Liliput (3), the
water on mnn.com, and quotes in an article by AP writer
purple Amazing Dream (2), the light pink-red double
Dean Fosdick on birdscaping which has run coast to coast.
Raspberry Truffle (2), the light purple double layered Double
Decker (3), rosy pink/dark stems of
As I mentioned in a previous Dirt,
Merlot (1), orange pompom Secret
Deb Neher has stepped down in PSS
Lust (3), red Sombrero Salsa Red (1),
as department chair to focus on her
orange Adobe orange (1), white
research. Taking her place for at
Purity (3), White Swan (3), ruby pink
least the next three years is Ernesto
Ruby Giant (1), white Fragrant Angel
Mendez. Ernesto has a PhD from
(3), and rosy pink Big Sky Summer
the Univ. of California, Santa Cruz in
Sky (3). You’ll note that 4 of these
2004 in Environmental Studies, MSc
(Purity, Rocky Top, Ruby Giant, and
in Tropical Agriculture from Costa
Sombrero Salsa Red) made both this
Rica in 1996, and BSc from Cal Poly
and the previous list, so represent
in 1994. His team’s “research and
my top performers. Several from
teaching efforts focus on developing
this latest list also have rated highly
and applying interdisciplinary
in the past, such as Double Decker,
approaches that analyze
Secret Lust, White Swan, and
interactions between agriculture,
Summer Sky.
livelihoods, and environmental
conservation in tropical and temperate rural landscapes. Most of
One of the inspirations for beginning these trials was seeing
this work also utilizes a Participatory Action Research Approach
a similar coneflower comparison at Delaware Valley College
(PAR), in an effort to directly support conservation and rural
(Doylestown)—a great horticultural campus to visit if you’re
development.”
in the Philadelphia area—in 2010. After a torrential storm,
all of their dozens of coneflowers had blown down, except for
Ernesto leads the relatively new Agroecology and Livelihoods
Purity. Having now rated tops too in my trials some years
Collaborative at UVM. In case you’re wondering what
later, it would probably be my choice if I had to choose only
10
“agroecology” is (I’ve gotten this Wings Begonia (vegetative, Ball Seed)
question more than once), from —the latter with light yellow-green
their UVM Agroecology website leaves and red flowers. At my own
(www.uvm.edu/agroecology): “We home this year, among some of the
perceive agroecology as an approach new annuals that I tried, I was
that seeks to integrate ecological impressed with the growth on Solar
science with other academic Tower sweet potato (vegetative, Ball
disciplines (e.g. agronomy, Seed) which truly does grow as a
sociology, history, etc.) and upright vine, reaching 8 feet even in
knowledge systems (e.g. local, my cool climate (I had seen photos of
indigenous, etc.) to guide research it to 10 feet tall in the Ball Chicago
and actions towards the sustainable greenhouses). The black was more
transformation of our current vigorous than the lime.
agrifood system. This definition Above: Islands of cannas appear floating in a Last year’s fall bus tour included an
embodies a transdisciplinary- overnight in Ottawa/Gatineau and seeing
shallow pond, the effect almost tropical.
the Mosaicultures, which were
oriented agroecology,
back this year too. If you didn’t
integrating different know of this or see them, they were
knowledge systems in a search similar to those last year only with
for solutions to challenging more displays—the 45 included
current agrifood system issues. some from the 2013 Montreal
It also supports the notion show, more flowers (5.5 million),
and 210 species and varieties which
that agroecology is an were all represented in one area in
approach that expresses itself pots with labels. Being a paid
as a science, a practice and a event this year, compared to free
social movement, and that it is last, seemed to enable much more
most effective when these three trained help throughout. The result
was a very high level of artistry and
dimensions coalesce.”
horticulture—the most so that I’ve
seen in all 5 of the Mosaiculture
On Monday September 17 we led another day bus tour, in shows in Canada since their
collaboration with your Association, to the Montreal inception in Montreal in 2000.
Botanical Gardens. Different this year, in addition to the
usual new flowers and lanterns in the Chinese garden—we had If you don’t know this artform, it
consists of growing plants “in”
two buses almost full! The weather cooperated, no issues at frames (lined and filled with
the border, and no other issues made potting soil), comparing to topiary
for another successful tour. In addition which is training a plant to grow
to Sarah Kingsley Richards from UVM, into a particular shape. Similar to topiary,
Sarah Salatino (Full Circle Gardens, since the plants are growing, they need
continual pruning using all manner of tools
Essex) from your Board joined to help
from scissors to hedge shears. Unlike
host the second bus. Thanks to both of topiary, since plants are in frames, small
them for helping to make this second parts which can dry out easily, they need
bus possible, and all those attending. special attention to watering often.
11
THE LAB
putting it under the lens . . .
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green centers riddle the leaf. The feeding damage causes the
leaves to brown prematurely. Once the larvae have finished
feeding they drop to the forest floor, still protected within the
discs, to spin a cocoon and pupate. As the new leaves emerge in
the spring, the adult emerges to mate and lay eggs in the new
leaves. Populations vary from year to year and typically do not
cause that much damage because they are late season feeders.
An outbreak one year is usually followed by low populations
the next year but if there were repeated years of heavy
damage, the tree could be weakened over time. In landscape
situations, gardeners can rake and destroy infested leaves to
minimize overwintering populations.
13
Update from Judy Rosovsky, VT State Entomologist
VT Agency of Agriculture
The ash tree killing beetle known as the Emerald Ash The spotted lanternfly is a colorful insect and has very
Borer (EAB) was first found in Vermont in February 2018, different appearances, depending on its life stage and
in the town of Orange. It has subsequently been found in activity. The nymphs are black after they hatch, though
Caledonia and Washington counties, in the towns of prior to becoming adults red patches develop on the
Groton, Plainfield, Barre and Montpelier. In addition to nymphs, creating a high fashion look.
the central Vermont infestation, EAB was discovered in
North Adams, MA, and shortly thereafter appeared in the They cause damage by
purple traps in Stamford VT, in Bennington County, VT. feeding and through the
By the time this goes to press, a third infestation location copious quantities of
in Grand Isle county may have been announced to the honeydew that they
public. excrete, which is a
perfect media for the
What ramifications does EAB have for nurseries? Since growth of black sooty
EAB is a well publicized threat, most nurseries have not mold fungus. This
been receiving much ash stock. The state is currently fungus makes any affected vegetated area highly
under a federal quarantine, but it is likely that the federal unattractive. The insect is not a good flyer but is a terrific
quarantine will end as EAB is deregulated by the Animal hitchhiker and has been expanding its foothold in the
Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Please note that U.S. by hitching rides in baskets, purses or any other
the state of Vermont has a set of recommendations handy object. Females produce egg masses that are
governing the transport of ash that will remain in place similar to those of the gypsy moth, but are grey, not
even if the federal government deregulates EAB. You can beige. More information and photographs of the spotted
find out more about the EAB and the state lanternfly are available at https://www.ncipmc.org/
recommendations at www.vtinvasives.org. action/alerts/lanternfly.pdf.
A new potential threat to our plants In November, 2017 the Spotted Lanternfly
is the Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma was only known to occur in New York, but
delicatula, an invasive insect that it has now been found in New York, New
may have originated in China, and Jersey, Delaware and Virginia. Some of
can be found in India and Vietnam. these finds were single individuals that
It is a pest in Korea and Japan, and had caught rides to new states, but
was first discovered in the U.S. in multiple insects were found in Virginia,
Pennsylvania in 2014. It is a suggesting that a population
Hemipteran, or true bug, with has been established there.
sucking-piercing Again, Vermont has few of
mouthparts, that operate like their preferred host, so we
a pointed straw. This pest believe that our state will
has many hosts, including not become a preferred
apples, grapes, hops and fruit destination.
trees. It is thought to require
Ailanthus altissima (tree of The state of Vermont
heaven) to complete its life Agencies of Natural
cycle. If this is true, Vermont may be in good shape with Resources (ANR) and Agriculture, Food and Markets
respect to this pest, as we do not have much Ailanthus in (AAFM) are considering deregulating the hemlock woolly
the landscape. If you know of Ailanthus locations, please adelgid (HWA) in Vermont. There will be a period for
let me know. public comments, if you have concerns about this
change. Representatives from both agencies agreed that
between the natural range of hemlock, the cold
14
intolerance of HWA and the current extent of the HWA
infestation, the quarantine is no longer necessary.
P: 207-499-2994 F: 207-499-2912
sales@piersonnurseries.com
www.piersonnurseries.com
Mailing Address: 24 Buzzell Rd, Biddeford ME 04005
GROWING FOR OVER 40 YEARS Physical Address: 291 Waterhouse Rd, Dayton ME 04005
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15
THE IDEA FACTORY
tips & trends, food for thought…
16
nature. According to The New York Times, wellness - minded Gardening teaches good stewardship and how to care for Mother
Millennials are filling their voids - both decorative and emotional Earth.
- with houseplants. In the last few years, Millennials were
responsible for 31% of houseplant sales, according to Golden Hearts
gardenresearch.com.
Breaking Good. The ‘new environmentalist’ has hit a breaking
Screen Age point. Our absorption with self-care and technology has been a
detriment to the planet. Changes in the environment and policies
Turn off the Blue Lights: We are addicted to technology. Blue are impacting people’s engagement. The Golden Hearts are
light from screens can cause lack of sleep, obesity, stress and looking for fulfillment outside of themselves and are turning to
depression. Mobile time for 0-8 year olds tripled since 2013, to 48 caring for the earth. Unilever found 1/3 of people worldwide
minutes a day, says Common Sense Media. Tweens log about 4.5 choose brands for their social and environmental impact.
hours a day, while teens spend almost 7 hours, estimates the
American Academy of Pediatrics. Adults spend 11 hours a day The Return to Volunteerism. Volunteering among 18-34 year
looking at screens and check their phones every 10 minutes. Daily olds set a record 25.2%, exceeding the national rate, according to
2-17 year olds are exposed to about 15 unhealthy food The Corporation for National & Community Service. By 2020,
commercials. It’s no wonder about 1/3 of American children are people engaged in “responsible tourism” is expected to increase
overweight. 350%, to 300 million, the UN World Toursim Organization
forecasts. Volunteering connects and offers a sense of fulfillment
Teach our Children Well. Prune screen time and teach our beyond our self. Volunteers offer brands and business an
younger generations healthy media habits. The #DeleteFacebook opportunity to drive a big environmental stake in the ground.
movement has people turning off the blue light and turning on
Mother Nature. Gardening teaches responsibility and encourages Earth Guardians. Gen Z’ers all over the world are stepping up to
healthy choices. Gardening teacher nurturing, patience and create a livable future through environmental movements. The
delayed gratification. Gardening teaches trust and confidence. Collegiate Plant Initiative connects students to nature by dropping
plants on college campuses. The Million Pollinator Garden
4 since 1954
YEARS
17
Challenge numbers doubled in 2018. A $1.9M partnership with published last year shows that in the past 30 years, the population
Microsoft and Future Farmers of America will reach more than of flying insects plunged by 75%. Insect declines in Alabama are
650,000 ‘new environmentalists’ ages 12-21. And it’s not just just a significant as those in Germany. The UN warns 40% of
movements. The Sierra Club says teens are selecting schools based pollinators - particularly bees and butterflies - risk global
on sustainability. extinction. “That’s dangerous because insects are the foundation
of our ecosystem,” says E.O. Wilson, a Harvard biologist. We need
Root-to Stem to get ahead of this problem. A decline in flying insects means the
animal kingdom is in danger. And so are we!
What is the Movement. Zero Waste. Upcycling. Recommerce.
Consicous Consumption. 1/3 of all food globally is wasted each Yet Invasives are Thriving. New invasive plants and insects,
year. 4.4 pounds of waste is trashed daily by each American. such as spotted lanternfly and allium leafminer, are spreading
That’s 1,600 pounds per year, or the weight of a 22’U-Haul truck. rapidly due to lack of natural predators. The U.S. Forest Service
Last year, Google saw a 700% increase in the search term for Zero say invasive insects and disease put 70 million acres at risk. The
Waste. Currently only 9% of plastics are being recycled, and 8 mountain pine beetle, for example, attacks stressed trees, allowing
million metric tons a year are being dumped into the ocean. wildfires to spread more rapidly. The National Wildlife Federation
Upcycling isn’t new but expectations are. A world-wide shift is reports 42% of threatened or endangered species are at risk
zeroing in on the need for sustainable solutions. Brands are taking primarily due to invasive species. The Forest Service says the U.S.
action to address the waste issue. 500 million plastic straws are spends $138 billion per year to control or eradicate invasives and
discarded a day; bans on plastic are sweeping the country. to restore habitats.
Silence of the Insects Defensive Gardening. The best defense for dealing with invasive
species: early detection and rapid response. One important tip:
Global Insect Collapse. The moth snowstorm, a phenomenon Don’t let invasive species hitchhike on mulch, firewood, hay,
Michael McCarthy remembers from his boyhood when moths vehicles, and even hiking boots.
“would pack a car’s headlight beams like snowflakes in a blizzard,”
is a distant memory. And scientists are worried. A German study
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Robo Gardening RoboBee. Bee populations are declining so quickly even Walmart
is getting into the robotic bee business. The retail giant filed 6
RoboTech. “From drones to phones, new technology is making patents using drones to identify pests attacking crops, monitor
gardening easier,” according to theAssociated Press. Planning, crop damage, spray pesticides, and pollinate crops. Drones are the
planting, watering and even weeding is done remotely. Hort-tech next wave. From Japan to Russia, experimental mini drones have
mixes, 3-D modeling, GPS mapping, laser technology, drones, been 36% successful in pollinating flowers. Research scientists at
robotics, devices that read weather and soil moisture, and battery- Texas A&M are using drones to “read the weed”. Early
powered and low-or no-emission equipment. Robots that see are identification requires fewer chemical controls.
the next big thing. Vision technology combines laser vision with
AI software to enable automated arms to carry out more complex Nature’s Legacy
tasks, such as slicing chicken. Will planting, watering, and
weeding be next? “There is a legacy deep within us, a legacy of inherited feelings, which
may lie very deep in the tissues - it may lie underneath all the parts of
RoboSmart. From robotic mowers and landscapers to wireless civilization which we are so familiar with on a daily basis, but is has
plant sensors and sprinkler systems, high tech tools free gardeners not gone; that we might have left the natural world, most of us, but the
unpleasant tasks or simply make them better gardeners. Garden natural world has not left us.”
designers to arborists are using drones to get a bird’s eye view of
landscapes to tops of trees. The new Tertill is the Roomba for the The Moth Snowstorm
garden. The solar powered robot whacks weeds for up to 3 hours. Michael McCarthy
SmartPhone apps, like PlantsMap, solve the challenges of
documenting, organizing, mapping, tagging, and sharing about To read the full 2019 Garden Trends Report visit
plants. www.gardenmediagroup.com
19
Please call for
a copy of our
2018 catalog.
20
STRICTLY BUSINESS
no kidding …
This is really not my area of expertise, but dealings with the separate out the items that are for use and pay use tax on
them.
State of VT on the subject of Sales and Use Tax over the last 2
years has made me an armature expert, (if there is such a
For nursery owners there are two tricky parts that are at the
thing). The last thing I ever thought I would be doing is
crux of the problem we’re having with the state of Vermont.
explaining TAXES. Nevertheless, here I go, holding my nose!
First: The state of Vermont considers us “agricultural”
Some of us in the nursery business have been subject to sales
businesses. As such, we are exempt from many of use tax rules.
and use tax audits by the state of Vermont over the last several
The problem is, while we are licensed and regulated by the
years. I myself have been through this grueling process recently
Department of Agriculture, the Tax Department doesn’t
and have come to see that following the guidelines is as clear as
consider us farms or agricultural businesses and therefore
mud. First, definitions:
applies the use tax rules.
Use Tax: Use tax is what you pay when you buy something to
Second: Typical of many nurseries who have some growing
use in your operation when you haven’t paid sales tax on it to
component to their business. We buy soil, fertilizer, pots, plugs,
the vendor from whom you purchased it. This includes items bare root plants, labels, etc., to create a 9inished saleable product;
bought out of state and on-line if those vendors didn’t collect “the plant”. What makes sense to many retail nurseries that also
sales tax at the time of sale. grow plants is that all those components get included in a 9inal
price of “the plant” and then the end user, (the customer) is
If you buy something you plan to re-sell, you don’t pay use tax charged sales tax on that 9inished “plant” that is in a pot, in soil,
on it because you collect sales tax from the end user when you properly labeled and fertilized. They take that bundle home with
resell it. However, if you have something you purchased to re- them. The State of Vermont doesn’t see it that way and they ask us
sell and you wind up taking it out of inventory to use for your to pay use tax on the components of “the plant” which in our
operation, you will have to pay use tax on it. minds is double taxation.
22
187 Main Street, Colchester, VT 05446
(802) 878-2361 - www.claussens.com
Northeast Greenhouse & Nursery Supply Open 7 Days a Week
a division of Northeast Nursery, Inc. – Est. 1982
PRO-LINE
John Padua
991 Tyler Bridge Road, Bristol, VT 05443
phone/fax: 802- 453-3889 / e-mail: cobcreek@gmavt.net
23
New Member Profile: Griff’s Greenhouse
24
N ortrthern
hern
N urseries
A Division of The Robert Baker Companies
2234 N Hartland Rd., White River Jct., VT Phone: (802) 295-2117 Fax: (802) 295-4889
VNLA
Member of VAPH www.nor thernnur series.com Manager: Mike Trombly Sales: Dana Spaulding
Route 14 * Craftsbury, VT
802-586-2856
lapointnursery@gmail.com
25
THE PLANT LOUNGE
wiry stems, hairy leaves and bodacious blooms. . .
27
PO Box 92
North Ferrisburgh, VT 05473