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Annotated Bibliography

Will Automation in the workplace lead to Automatic job loss?

Junaid Maniar

Professor Malcolm Campbell

UWRT 1104

10/23/2018

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Fleckenstein, Matt, and Jeff Kerns. “The Automated Workplace.” Machine Design 13 June

2018. www.machinedesign.com/industrial-automation/automated-workplace/ .

Accessed 21 October 2018.

This article believes that the shift from human workers to AI will occur in 3 phases

over the next 2 years or so. The first phase will be what we are in now where

humans make all the choices and execute on them appropriately. The upcoming

phase will be where the machines will sort through everything and send all choices

to the most appropriate person based on the time of day, day of the week, and even

the weather. This will aid people in making the decisions. Finally in 18-24 months

they believe that the machines will learn from the trends on how the humans make

their decisions and be able to make the choices themselves. They believe that most

if not all of the technical decisions will be made my the machines and their ever

growing AI while the human resources decisions will still be made by humans. They

believe that those who embrace the change are going to thrive and that all

employees should be ready / excited for retraining to match the upcoming and new

workplace environment. They also understand that many companies will value their

customers experience over a slight change in efficiency so while they may have

some upgrades in technology and AI, they may leave a good chunk of it unchanged

in order to keep customers happy. To conclude they make sure to mention that

companies will not just go all in on the machines they will try to waze them in slowly

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 but surely in order to make the transition easier on most people. They gave the

example of how people switched from paper maps to GPS. The article seems to be

very reliable as one of the authors, Matt Fleckenstein, is a chief marketing officer at

Nintex, a company that holds conferences and develops these machines, and the

other author of this article, Jeff Kerns is a designer and engineer. These two

combined seem to have the knowledge of all the areas these technological shifts

may affect. There could be some possible bias in the source however as

Fleckenstein does work at once of the companies who has a major role in the

technological shift. This information is very recent and seems to have a good

indication of what the workplace is like in the current day. The article was very useful

to me as I was making assumptions on how fast this change would occur as

everyday technology seems to get better and better. Thankfully this article gave me

a reliable timeline to work off of to see exactly when the shift may take place.This

source will definitely appear in my paper as it is very detailed and the timeline is just

too useful to pass up.

Goodnight, Jim. “Artificial Intelligence- What it is and Why it matters.” What is it and Why it

Matters|SAS, SAS October 2018, www.sas.com/en_us/insights/analytics/what-is-

artificial-intelligence.html/. Accessed on 23 October 2018.

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This SAS website gives a very very in-depth background on what Artificial

Intelligence is, how it is being used, what can be done with it, and what will be done
 with it. SAS has been making great use of AI for years in order to make user and

customer experience as good as it can possibly be. They list and go over many of

the reasons that AI is beneficial. Such as that it helps add intelligence to already

existing technology, it gets the most out of the data, it is really accurate, and many

more. However they do go on to list what some of the challenges to AI are. Like that

it is going to change the industry but we need to find out its limits first. They are very

oriented on one task and will basically only do that 1 job, and a couple more

challenges. The SAS website then goes on to list exactly how it works and it many

parts such as machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, and more. This

source is incredibly reliable. SAS is a company that has been working with AI for

years and shows no signs of stopping. SAS was made for things like machine

learning and intelligence so it seems to be a very good source to draw information

from. The site is regularly updated with more recent examples from SAS’s own

data. The SAS website even tried to remove all biases by talking about the

challenges and downsides of Artificial Intelligence. The SAS website will see some

usage in my paper when I go to explain AI and its practical uses, the SAS sites

explanations are very valuable and will definitely be useful in my paper.

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McClure, K, Paul. “‘You’re fired’ Says the Robot.” The Rise of Automation in the Workplace,

Technophobes, and Fear of Unemployment, Vol. 17, no. 1, 20 March 2017.

journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0894439317698637/ Accessed on 11 October 2018.

This peer reviewed journal discusses many topics about automation in the workplace,

mainly regarding people’s job loss and their beliefs regarding that. The journal lists that

there are people called Technophobes and they fear that Artificial Intelligence and robots

will come after their jobs. The journal goes on to state that the amount people worry about

this varies depending on who you ask. Women and South Africans seem to worry about this

much more than everyone else. The journal continues to provide a very detailed account of

what exactly technophobia stems from and how people have dealt with large technological

advances in the past. Previous answers have resulted in labor unions banding together to

try and get job security and go as far as switching to communism. Answers aside the journal

takes a to look at people’s mental health and how their health takes a very negative turn

when there are sudden changes in the economy and how the shift in the economy may

cause problems in people’s health if they are not looking out. The journal seems to be very

reliable as the author has a Ph.D is sociology and has written many journals about

technology and its effect of society. He also does a large amount of research in the field of

technology and has been featured in many media outlets such as Forbes or USA today.

This journal will definitely make my paper as it has so much information in it that is super

valuable. Almost everything he says in his paper is backed up by data and information. He

provides studies and evidence for almost every claim he makes and to pass up on a

resource like that would be a large mistake.