ISSN No:-2456-2165
Abstract:- The preliminary prerequisite of a structure is to performances of Beams, columns, walls are improved in
satisfy serviceability conditions, stiffness and safety. The member level. Different rehabilitation techniques to improve
shape and proportions of the structure effects the the seismic performance of the existing non-ductile RC
distribution of forces. Due to irregularities in the structure structure: adding new structural member such as steel bracing
it will get deficient stiffness at continuous load path and or new structural walls, FRP wrapping and steel jackets, use of
tension capacity will be re-entrant at corners. Steel base isolation or dampers. There are two generally used
bracings are retrofitted to increase the strength of RC procedure specifying seismic design of lateral forces (a)
frame structure and are good rehabilitation technique. Equivalent static analysis, (b) Dynamic analysis, Dynamic
Bracing provide high stiffness due to horizontal shear and analysis has two types (1) Response spectrum, (2) Time
is primarily absorbed and resist the lateral forces by history analysis. In Static analysis Base shear is calculated
developing the internal axial action and relatively small approximately by assuming that structure is rigid, acceleration
flexural actions. Steel bracings are economical, less self is same at every point on the structure, also structure and
weight, good appearance, less spaced occupied, compared foundation as ideal fixity. It has only one mode of vibration on
with other retrofitting techniques. Steel bracings are the structure. An irregular structure leads to erroneous results.
known for its efficient structural system for buildings Time history method based on suitable ground motion.
under high lateral loads. The applications of steel bracings Response spectrum analysis based on design response
are faster to execute. Seismic study is carried out by spectrum specified in Indian code or on site specific design.
considering G+15 unsymmetrical RC structures in zone III
with bare frame and compared with X-braced frame, Steel bracings or shear walls are commonly used to
single diagonal braced frame, V-braced frame, K-braced increase the seismic performance. Steel bracing system is most
frame bracings and static analysis is carried out using commonly used instead of shear elements because it’s
ETABS software. These bracing are used at specific economical and easiness of construction. Steel bracings are
locations and results are obtained for Base Shear, Story usually used in steel structure. From last two decades the use
Displacement, Story Drift, and Time Periods are compared of steel bracings in RC frames came into practice. Bracings
with bare frame models in seismic zone III. reduced the earthquake induced torsion in the structure. It acts
has a truss that provides lateral stiffness to buildings. Steel
Keywords:- Bare Frame (BF), X – Braced Frame (XBF), bracing system contributes less mass, when compare to other
Single diagonal Braced Frame (SDBF), V- Braced Frame retrofitting techniques. Seismic forces are proportional to the
(VBF), K – Braced Frame (KBF). weight of the building. Structures designed with bracings can
improve the energy absorption and resists the forces generated
I. INTRODUCTION by ground waves. It provides good ductile property with
respect to earthquake loads. This system reduces lateral
Earthquake is a natural disaster which occurs with displacement considerably and also decreases the lateral drift,
various magnitude and intensities causing damage to they decreases shear forces and bending moments in columns.
engineering properties and infrastructures which leads to
economical loss & loss of life. It is mainly based on focal Nitin Bhojkar and Mahesh Bagade [2015] Use of steel
depth, location, magnitude, origin, and epicentral. Earthquake bracings in high raised building to resist against lateral loads.
may be caused by tectonic plate movements. Human activities G+9 stories R C building situated in zone III. Main parameters
like coal mining, oil drilling, constructing enormously heavy taken into consideration are base shear axial force, story drift,
building, and large amount of water stored in a dam leads to lateral displacement. From the verdict bracing system is the
earthquakes. Global warming is also reason for increase in the better retrofitting technique. No major change in the total
frequency and intensity of the earthquake. Earthquake damage weight of the structure after the addition of bracings. About
the buildings fully or partially. 65% of lateral displacement is minimized. Increase in stiffness
of the structure.
Rehabilitation for damaged buildings has two technique
levels: Structural level & member level rehabilitation. In Vishwanath K G, Prakash K B, and Anath Desai [2010]
structural level, modification can be done with respect to Analytical research work on use of concentric steel bracing in
whole structure, steel bracings is the best example. Seismic existing R C building to resist the seismic loads. The R C
III. MODELLING
Fig 6:- Graphical representation of Maximum Base Shear in X and Y direction for Linear static Analysis (ZONE III)
Story displacement in mm
BF XBF SDBF VBF KBF
Story Level X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y
direcn direcn direcn direcn direcn direcn direcn direcn direcn direcn
16 93.7 93.6 46 41.6 53.3 49.7 50.8 46.5 56.6 53.1
15 91.8 91.8 43.6 39.6 51.1 47.8 48.4 44.5 54.5 51.3
14 88.5 88.4 40.8 37.3 48.3 45.4 45.6 42.1 51.7 48.9
13 83.8 83.7 37.8 34.7 45.1 42.6 42.4 39.3 48.4 46
12 77.8 77.8 34.5 31.9 41.5 39.4 38.9 36.3 44.7 42.6
11 70.9 70.8 31 28.8 37.7 35.9 35.1 32.9 40.6 38.9
10 63 63 27.4 25.6 33.5 32 31.2 29.4 36.2 34.8
9 56.3 56.3 24 22.5 29.6 28.4 27.5 26 32.1 31
8 49.2 49.2 20.5 19.4 25.6 24.7 23.7 22.5 27.9 27
7 41.8 41.8 17.1 16.2 21.6 20.9 19.9 19 23.6 22.9
6 34.2 34.2 13.8 13.2 17.7 17.2 16.2 15.5 19.3 18.8
5 26.4 26.4 10.7 10.3 13.8 13.5 12.6 12.2 15.1 14.8
4 20.1 20 8 7.7 10.5 10.3 9.6 9.2 11.5 11.3
3 13.8 13.8 5.5 5.3 7.3 7.1 6.6 6.4 8 7.8
2 7.8 7.8 3.2 3.1 4.2 4.2 3.9 3.8 4.6 4.6
1 2.6 2.6 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.6
Table 4.2: Storey displacement in X and Y direction for Linear static Analysis (ZONE III)