mannesmann
Rexroth
DOK-GEAR**-GTP********-PRJ1-EN-P
267495 Indramat
About this documentation
Replaces 209-0069-4386-00
Validity All rights are reserved with respect to the content of this documentation and
the availability of the product.
Table of Contents
Page
3. Technical information 9
9. Order information 43
1200
1000
Gear output nominal torque in Nm
800
600 50
20
400 10
7
200
5
0 Gear ratio
GTP 200GTP 140 4
GTP 110 GTP 095
GTP 070 K01GPX1P.fh5
Functional principle GTP planetary gearboxes offer coaxial inputs and outputs.The output shaft of
the AC motor is connected to the sun wheel of the planetary gearbox with the
use of a coupling component. This sun wheel propels three planet pinions
which unroll on a hollow shaft wheel. The planet pinions are set into a pinion
cage which functions as an output. A balanced load sharing is created by
distributing the mesh of the teeth over the three planet pinions which also
results in a compact construction.
High level of operating • Maintenance-free operation due to use of life-time lubricated bearings.
reliability • Can be used in adverse environmental conditions because the housing is
completely sealed as per protection category IP 65
• A gear tooth system with low backlash because of honed gear wheel pairs
High performance data
• High torsional strength as the load is distributed over three planet pinions
• A high degree of efficiency due to application of the planet pinion principle
• Noise is kept to a very low level due to the helical gear wheel pairs
• High dynamic performance due to favorable torque-inertia ratio
• The compact construction means light weight
Easy mounting to the • Pinions and belt pulleys can be directly mounted onto the shaft because the
machine design of the bearing assembly makes the application of high radial loads
possible
• Mounting can be in any orientation because all bearings and gear teeth are
lubricated
• The flange version permits drill holes in the flange as per design B5 (DIN
42959 section 1, edition dated 08/77)
• The output elements can be mounted in two different ways:
– force-locked shaft-hub connection by means of a plain output shaft
– form-fitting shaft-hub connection by means of an output shaft with keyway
Triangular operation This operating mode is typical of all feed movements with high dynamics such
with dead time as generally can be found in drum feed mechanisms of the tin, paper,
synthetics or packaging industries.
velocity v
time t
DGdrei
The design with this operating mode is primarily determined by the required
maximum torque Mmax and the effective torque Meff .
Constant velocity with This operating mode is typical of all feed movements commonly seen in
dead time winding units, roller drives and dosage devices in machines for the tin, paper,
synthetics or packaging industries.
velocity v
or speed n
time t
DGkons
The design with this operating mode is primarily determined by the required
continuous torque MdN and mean velocity vmean or mean speed nmean.
Trapezoidal operations This operating mode is typical for most feed movements. It is most common
with dead time in loaders and handling systems in almost all areas of industry.
velocity v
or speed n
time t
DGtrap
The criteria for this operating mode are primarily determined by the maximum
torque Mmax required during acceleration phases, the effective torque Meff over
the total cycle time and the average velocity vmean or speed nmean.
2.2. Selecting
Drive-determining Selecting the drive, i.e., the most suitable motor/gearbox combination operated
variables by a drive controller, means fixing the relevant variables which basically
determine the drive such as:
• frictional torque
• weight torque
• finishing torque
• acceleration torque
• effective torque
• required velocity
Design criteria A motor-gearbox operated by a drive controller must meet the following:
• it must be possible to achieve the required speed
• the continuous torque must be greater than the effective torque
• the short-term operating torque must be greater than the sum of frictional,
weight and finishing torques
• maximum torque must be greater than the sum of frictional, weight and
acceleration torque
• the required ramp-up time must be less than 400 ms
3. Technical information
3.1. Ambient conditions
Maximum amb. The data listed in the performance ratings are achieved under the following
temperature and conditions:
installation elevation amb. temperature: 0° to +45° C.
installation elevation: 0 to 1000 meters above sea level
The power ratings drop as can be seen in the diagram in Figure 3.1 under other
than these conditions. If the amb. temperature is not maintained and the
installation elevations are higher, then it is necessary to multiply the power
ratings by the two factors.
1
Load capacity with Load capacity
ambient temperatures with installation elevations
higher than 45° C higher than 1000 meters
1 0.8
load factor fH
load factor fT
0.8 0.6
0.6
40 45 50 55 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
ambient temperature in °C installation above sea level in meters
DGTemp
Fig. 3.1: Load capacities given higher amb. temperatures and installation elevations
Protection category As per DIN VDE 0470, section 1 (edition dated 11/92), the AC motor with
mounted GTP planetary gearbox is protected by the housing against:
• contact with parts carrying voltage or parts moving
• entry of foreign objects and water
The protection categories are fixed with the use of the letters IP (international
protection) and two numbers. The code is IP 65 for GTP planetary gearboxes
mounted to AC motors and applies to:
• the housing of motor and gearbox which are screwed together
• the output shaft of the gearbox
• the power and feedback connections of the motor, assuming proper
mounting
The first number defines the category of protection which prevents contact and
entry of foreign objects. The 6 means:
• protection against dust penetration (dust-proof)
• complete protection against contact
The second number defines the category of protection for water. The 5 means:
• protection against a jet of water ejected out of a nozzle (jet of water) from
all directions against the machine (housing)
Housing coat The coating is basically a prime coat. An additional coat with a thickness of no
more than 40 µm can be applied.
The prime coat is resistant to:
• weathering, yellowing and chalking,
• diluted acids and soda solutions.
If frequently steam cleaned, then the coating could peel off the housing.
Operating mode GTP planetary gearboxes are suited for operating mode S4 as per DIN VDE
0530 (intermittent operations affecting the warm-up procedure). ON time may
not exceed 60%.
TA + TB
ED = x 100%
TS
ED = ON time in %
TA = warm-up time in s
TB = finishing time in s
TS = duty cycle time
The number of cycles may not exceed 1000 per hour. A cycle is defined as one
traversing procedure consisting of one acceleration and one braking procedure.
The GTP's are not suited for other operating modes, in particular, the S1
operating mode (continuous operations).
n = speed
PV = loss
speed n
TA = warm-up time
TB = processing time
Ts = duty cycle time
TA TB time t
Ts DGbetrGTP
Output shaft The output shaft of the planetary gearboxes is available in the following
variations:
– or –
•Output shaft with keyway as per DIN 6885, sheet 1 (edition 8/68)
For form-fitting shaft-hub connections.
This type of connection is suited for lesser demands and absorbing torque
from a constant direction. It requires an additional axial linking of the hub. A
center bore with winding is situated at the small end on the gearbox output
shaft for this purpose.
Shaft load To check the shaft load, both the axial and radial shaft loads must be
checked individually:
The radial shaft load -- dependent on --
• point of application of the force and
• average speed
is depicted in the diagrams in section ”Technical data”. The nominal bearing
service life was based on 30,000 working hours (bearing calculations as per
DIN ISO 281, edition dated 12/90).
Mounting output The nut for the keyed end for pre-stressing the gearbox output bearing may
components not be used as a limit stop for the output components. All axial forces must be
conducted directly over the output shaft into the gearbox.
MZanbau
FR
MZWell70
Fig. 4.3: Point of application of force at the output shaft of the gearbox
Permissible
radial force Fradial FR in N 1800
1600
1400
1000
nout = 200 min-1
800 nout = 300 min-1
nout = 500 min-1
600
nout = 1000 min-1
nout = 1500 min-1
400 nout = 2000 min-1
10 20 30 x in mm
: load limit for output shaft with keyway
FR : permissible radial force
x : distance between the outside of the nut for the keyed end and the point of application
of force of the radial force
nout : average output RPM (averaged over a cycle, average arithmetic value)
Calculations based on:
30 000 operating hours as nominal bearing service life L10h
For radial forces FR,erf , situated above the values in the diagram, nominal bearing service
life is reduced as follows:
FR 3
L10h = 30 000 •
FR,erf
Given an axial load on the output shaft, then the permissible radial force is increased by
a factor of 1.3
FRo = 1.3 • FR DGWell70
Permissible FA = 0.5 * FR
axial force Faxial
FA = permissible axial force
FR = permissible radial force
FR
MZWell70z
Fig. 4.5: Point of application of force at the output shaft of the gearbox
Permissible
radial force Fradial FR in N
1800
10 20 30 x in mm
: load limit for output shaft with keyway
FR : permissible radial force
x : distance between outside of the nut for the keyed end and the point of application
of the radial force
nout : average output speed (average value averaged over one cycle)
Calculations based on:
30 000 operating hours as nominal bearing service lifespan L10h
For radial force FR,erf which exceed the values in the diagram for nominal
bearing service life drops as follows:
FR 3
L10h = 30 000 •
FR,erf
If there is no axial load on the output shaft, then the permissible radial
load can be increased by a factor of 1.3
Permissible FA = 0.5 * FR
axial force Faxial
FA = permissible axial force
FR = permissible radial force
20
15 45° 45°
5
28
75
Ø16 k6
Ø60 h7
ø5.5
8
70
48 107 B A 1)
74
Output shaft
• plain shaft (preferred type), center per DIN 332, sec. 1, form A, ed. 05.83
• with keyway as per DIN 6885, sh. 1, ed. 08.68
(Attention! balanced with half key.)
Center hole DS M5 per DIN 332, sec. 2, ed. 05.83
3 22 3+0.1
5 P9
DIN 332 - DS M5
t=5
5
22
M02GPX1P.fh5
20
15
5
6,6
10
10
0
Ø 70h7
Ø 22k6
K
56 166 B A 1) 94
99
Dimensions
dim B K
Motor
MKD 025 0 70
MKD 041 12 82
MHD 041 12 82
Output shaft
• plain shaft (preferred type), center per DIN 332, sec. 1, form A, ed. 05.83
• with keyway as per DIN 6885, sh. 1, ed. 08.68
(Attention! balanced with half key.)
Center hole DS M12 per DIN 332, sec. 2, ed. 05.83
3.5+0.1
4 28
6P9
DIN 332 - DS M8
t=6
6
28 M03GPX1P.fh5
3. Number of gears
single-stage 1
two-stage 2
4. Gear ratio
single-stage:
4 004
5 005
7 007
10 010
two-stage:
20 020
50 050
5. Version
output shaft with keyway A
output shaft plain B
6. Motor designation
MKD 025 02
MKD 041, MHD 041 03 T01GPX1P.fh5
Fig. 4.9: Available versions of planetary gearbox GTP 070 using type codes
Efficiency η % 95 92
Backlash ∆ϕ arcmin <= 10 1)
<= 151)
Service life L10h h 30000
Lubrication - Lubrication for life
Permissible amb. temp. TUm °C 0...45
Noise level Lp dB(A) < 65
Protection category - IP 65
Weight m kg 4 10
For mounting of MKD 041, MHD 041, MKD 071
MHD 071, MDD 071, MAC 071
MKD 090, MDD 090, MAC 090
1)
: as relates to the gearbox output side with 2% of the gearbox nominal output torque
and a fixed gearbox input side
FR
MZWell95
Fig. 5.3: Point of application of force at the output shaft of the gearbox
Permissible
radial force Fradial FR in N
1800
10 20 30 x in mm
: load limit for output shaft with keyway
FR : permisisble radial force
x : distance between outside of the nut for the keyed end and the point
of application of force of the radial force
nout : average output speed (averaged over cycle, average arithmetic value)
Calculations based on:
30 000 operating hours as nominal bearing service life L10h
For radial forces FR,erf which exceed the values in the diagram nominal
bearing service life drops as follows:
FR 3
L10h = 30 000 •
FR,erf
If there is no axial load on the output shaft, then the permissible radial load
can be increased by a factor of 1.3
Permissible FA = 0.5 * FR
axial force Faxial
FA = permissible axial force
FR = permissible radial force
FR
MZWell95z
Fig. 5.5: Point of application of force at the output shaft of the gearbox
Permissible
radial force Fradial
FR in N
4500
3500
10 20 30 40 50 x in mm
: load limit for output shaft with keyway
FR : permissible radial force
x : distance between outside of key and point of application of radial force
nout : average output spoeed (arithmetic average value)
For radial force FR,erf which exceed the values in the diagram, nominal
bearing lifespan rops as follows:
FR 3
L10h = 30 000 •
FR,erf
Permissible FA = 0.5 * FR
axial force Faxial
FA = permissible axial force
FR = permissible radial force
20
15
10 45° 45°
5
Ø22 k6
Ø70 h7
ø6,6
95
ø1
56 124 B A 1)
00
99
Dimensions
dim B K
Motor
MKD 041, MH D041 0 93
MKD 071, MHD 071
16 115
MDD 071, MAC 071
MKD 090, MDD 090
16 140
MAC 090
Output shaft
• plain shaft (preferred type), center per DIN 332, sec. 1, form A, ed. 05.83
• with keyway as per DIN 6885, sh. 1, ed. 08.68
(Attention! balanced with half key.)
Center hole DS M8 per DIN 332, sec. 2, ed. 05.83
4 28 3,5+0,1
6 P9
DIN 332 - DS M8
t=6
6
28 M04GPX1P.fh5
12
0
Ø 90h7
Ø 32k6
K
88 184 B A 1) 110
120
1) For dimension A see relevant motor documentation.
Dimensions
dim B K
Motor
MKD 041, MHD 041 0 93
MKD 071, MHD 071
16 115
MDD 071, MAC 071
MKD 090, MDD 090
16 140
MAC 090
Output shaft
• plain shaft (preferred type), center per DIN 332, sec. 1, form A, ed. 05.83
• with keyway as per DIN 6885, sh. 1, ed. 08.68
(Attention! balanced with half key.)
Center hole DS M12 per DIN 332, sec. 2, ed. 05.83
5+0.2
4 50
10P9
t=8
50 M05GPX1P.fh5
3. Number of gearstages
single-stage 1
two-stage 2
4. Gear ratio
single-stage:
4 004
5 005
7 007
10 010
two-stage:
20 020
50 050
5. Design
output shaft with keyway A
output shaft plain B
6. Motor designation
MKD 041, MHD 041 03
MKD 071, MHD 071, MDD 071, MAC 071 05
MKD 090, MDD 090 1), MAC 090 06
1) Cannot be combined with liquid-cooled motors. T02GPX1P.fh5
Fig. 5.9: Available versions of planetary gearbox GTP 095 using type codes
Efficiency η % 95 92
Backlash ∆ϕ arcmin <= 61) <= 101)
Service life L10h h 30000
Lubrication - Service life of lubrication
Allowable amb. temperature TUm °C 0...45
Noise level Lp dB(A) < 65
Protection category - IP 65
Weight m kg 6 19
Mounting to MKD 071, MHD 071, MDD 071, MAC 071
MKD 090, MDD 090, MAC 090
MHD 093, MDD 093, MAC 093
1)
: as relates to the gearbox output side with 2% of the gearbox nominal output torque
and a fixed gearbox input side
FR
MZWell110
Permissible
radial force Fradial FR in N
4500
3500
10 20 30 40 50 x in mm
: load limit for output shaft with keyway
FR : permissible radial force
x : distance between outside of key and point of application of radial force
nout : average output spoeed (arithmetic average value)
For radial force FR,erf which exceed the values in the diagram, nominal
bearing lifespan rops as follows:
FR 3
L10h = 30 000 •
FR,erf
Permissible FA = 0.5 * FR
axial force Faxial
FA = permissible axial force
FR = permissible radial force
FR
MZWell110z
Fig. 6.5: Point of application of force at the output shaft of the gearbox
Permissible FR in N
radial force Fradial
4500
3500
10 30 50 70 x in mm
: load limit for output shaft with keyway
FR : permissible radial force
x : distance between outside of the nut for the keyed end and the point of application
of the radial force
nout : average output speed (average value averaged over one cycle)
Calculations based on:
30 000 operating hours as nominal bearing service lifespan L10h
For radial force FR,erf which exceed the values in the diagram for nominal
bearing service life drops as follows:
FR 3
L10h = 30 000 •
FR,erf
If there is no axial load on the output shaft, then the permissible radial
load can be increased by a factor of 1.3
Permissible FA = 0.5 * FR
axial force Faxial
FA = permissible axial force
FR = permissible radial force
ø9
116
ø1
88 134 B A 1)
20
119
Dimensions
dim B K
Motor
MKD 071, MHD 071
0 116
MDD 071, MAC 071
MKD 090, MDD 090
MAC 090, 16 140
MDD 093, MAC 093
MHD 093 16 150
Output shaft
• plain shaft (preferred type), center per DIN 332, sec. 1, form A, ed. 05.83
• with keyway as per DIN 6885, sh. 1, ed. 08.68
(Attention! balanced with half key.)
Center hole DS M12 per DIN 332, sec. 2, ed. 05.83
4 50 5+0.2
10P9
t=8
50 M06GPX1P.fh5
16
5
Ø 112h7
Ø 40k6
K
112 210 B A 1) 141
156
1) For dimension A see relevant motor documentation.
Dimensions
dim B K
Motor
MKD 071, MHD 071
0 116
MDD 071, MAC 071
MKD 090, MDD 090
MAC 090, 16 140
MDD 093, MAC 093
MHD 093 16 150
Output shaft
• plain shaft (preferred type), center per DIN 332, sec. 1, form A, ed. 05.83
• with keyway as per DIN 6885, sh. 1, ed. 08.68
(Attention! balanced with half key.)
Center hole DS M16 per DIN 332, sec. 2, ed. 05.83
5+0,2
5 70
12P9
t=8
70 M07GPX1P.fh5
3. Number of gearstages
single-stage 1
two-stage 2
4. Gear ratio
single-stage:
4 004
5 005
7 007
10 010
two-stage:
20 020
50 050
5. Design
output shaft with keyway A
output shaft plain B
6. Motor designation
MKD 071, MHD 071, MDD 071, MAC 071 05
MKD 090, MDD 090, MAC 090,
MDD 093 1), MAC 093 06
MHD 093 16
1) Cannot be combined with liquid-cooled motors. T03GPX1P.fh5
Fig. 6.9: Available versions of planetary gearbox GTP 110 using type codes
FR
MZWell140
Fig. 7.3: Point of application of force at the output shaft of the gearbox
Permissible
radial force Fradial FR in N
4500
3500
10 30 50 70 x in mm
: load limit for output shaft with keyway
FR : permissible radial force
x : distance between outside of the nut for the keyed end and the point of application
of the radial force
nout : average output speed (average value averaged over one cycle)
Calculations based on:
30 000 operating hours as nominal bearing service lifespan L10h
For radial force FR,erf which exceed the values in the diagram for nominal
bearing service life drops as follows:
FR 3
L10h = 30 000 •
FR,erf
If there is no axial load on the output shaft, then the permissible radial
load can be increased by a factor of 1.3
Permissible FA = 0.5 * FR
axial force Faxial
FA = permissible axial force
FR = permissible radial force
FR
MZWell140z
Fig. 7.5: Point of application of force at the output shaft of the gearbox
Permissible
radial force Fradial FR in N
7500
6500
5500
nout = 100 min-1
4500
For radial force FR,erf which exceed the values in the diagram for nominal
bearing service life drops as follows:
FR 3
L10h = 30 000 •
FR,erf
If there is no axial load on the output shaft, then the permissible radial
load can be increased by a factor of 1.3
Permissible FA = 0.5 * FR
axial force Faxial
FA = permissible axial force
FR = permissible radial force
30
25 45° 45°
15
5
Ø112 h7
Ø40 k6
ø11
141
ø1
112 B A 1)
65
158 146
Dimensions
dim B K
Motor
MKD 090, MDD 090
MAC 090, 0 141
MDD 093, MAC 093
MHD 093 0 141
MHD 112, MKD 112
MDD 112, MAC 112 20 192
MDD 115, MAC 115
MHD 115 34 192
Output shaft
• plain shaft (preferred type), center per DIN 332, sec. 1, form A, ed. 05.83
• with keyway as per DIN 6885, sh. 1, ed. 08.68
(Attention! balanced with half key.)
Center hole DS M16 per DIN 332, sec. 2, ed. 05.83
5 70 5+0,2
12 P9
t=8
M08GPX1P.fh5
70
37
31
5
14
26
21
5
Ø 145h7
Ø 55k6
K
119 261 B A 1) 200
220
1) For dimension A see relevant motor documentation.
Dimensions
dim B K
Motor
MKD 090, MDD 090
MAC 090, 0 141
MDD 093, MAC 093
MHD 093 0 141
MHD 112, MKD 112
MDD 112, MAC 112 20 192
MDD 115, MAC 115
MHD 115 34 192
Output shaft
• plain shaft (preferred type), center per DIN 332, sec. 1, form A, ed. 05.83
• with keyway as per DIN 6885, sh. 1, ed. 08.68
(Attention! balanced with half key.)
Center hole DS M20 per DIN 332, sec. 2, ed. 05.83
6+0,2
5 70
16P9
t = 10
70 M09GPX1P.fh5
3. Number of gearstages
single-stage 1
two-stage 2
4. Gear ratio
single-stage:
4 004
5 005
7 007
10 010
two-stage:
20 020
50 050
5. Design
output shaft with keyway A
output shaft plain B
6. Motor deisgnation
MKD 090, MDD 090, MAC 090,
MDD 093, MAC 093 06
MHD 112, MKD 112, MDD 112, MAC 112,
MDD 115, MAC 115 09
MHD 093 16
MHD 115 19 T04GPX1P.fh5
Fig. 7.9: Available versions of planetary gearbox GTP 140 using type codes
tion
torque 2) Min,max Nm 450 460 340 180
ara
Maximum output
rep
velocity nout min-1 625 640 570 500
in p
Nominal output
torque 2) Mout,nenn Nm 900 1150 1200 900
Maximum output
torque Mout,max Nm 1800 2300 2400 1800
FR
MZWell200
Fig. 8.3: Point of application of force at the output shaft of the gearbox
Permissible
radial force Fradiall FR in N
7500
6500
5500
nout = 100 min-1
4500
For radial force FR,erf which exceed the values in the diagram for nominal
bearing service life drops as follows:
FR 3
L10h = 30 000 •
FR,erf
If there is no axial load on the output shaft, then the permissible radial
load can be increased by a factor of 1.3
Permissible FA = 0.5 * FR
axial force Faxial
FA = permissible axial force
FR = permissible radial force
FR
MZWell200z
Fig. 8.5: Point of application of force at the output shaft of the gearbox
Permissible
radial force Fradiall
n
a tio
ar
ep
pr
in
Permissible FA = 0.5 * FR
axial force Faxial
FA = permissible axial force
FR = permissible radial force
ø14
200
ø2
B A 1)
15
119 205 210
Dimensions
dim B K
Motor
MHD 112, MKD 112
MDD 112, MAC 112 0 190
MDD 115, MAC 115
MHD 115 0 190
Output shaft
• plain shaft (preferred type), center per DIN 332, sec. 1, form A, ed. 05.83
• with keyway as per DIN 6885, sh. 1, ed. 08.68
(Attention! balanced with half key.)
Center hole DS M20 per DIN 332, sec. 2, ed. 05.83
5 70 6+0,2
16 P9
t = 10
M10GPX1P.fh5
70
n
io
at
ar
ep
pr
in
3. Number of gearstages
single-stage 1
two-stage 1) 2
4. Gear ratio
single-stage:
4 004
5 005
7 007
10 010
two-stage:
20 020
50 050
5. Design
output shaft with keyway A
output shaft plain B
6. Motor designation
MHD 112, MKD 112, MDD 112, MAC 112,
MDD 115, MAC 115 09
MHD 115 19
1) T05GPX1P.fh5
in preparation
Fig. 8.9: Available versions of planetary gearbox GTP 200 using type codes
9. Order information
The planetary gearbox must be entered as a sub-item of the servo motor.
A complete unit consisting of a GTP planetary gearbox and an AC motor is
delivered.
When ordering the motor, also note that the output shaft of the motor must be
entered as a plain shaft.
Example of how to order:
1 1 AC servo motor
type: MKD 090B-047-GG0-KN
Service Hotline
Telephone: 0172 - 660 040 6 or 0171 - 333 882 6
Monday through Friday 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. CET
Saturday 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. CET
Sundays and holidays 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. CET
For a rapid and reliable elimination of problems and faults, we would request
that you do the following prior to contacting INDRAMAT customer service:
• note the type codes of the respective drive controller, motor and gearbox
• clarifiy the problem
• and note fault and diagnostics displays.
If you return a gearbox, then please complete the Fault Report found in this
document (section 10.2) and include it. This will help us to more quickly clarify
whether the problem is caused by the system itself or the application.
Fault: Cause:
increased noise unknown
leaky gears improper handling
gears blocked collision
broken output shaft other
other
Operating conditions
average on time/day: am/pm op. mode: S
cycle/hour reverse op.
Mounting orientation: ambient temperature: °C
horizontal output situation:
vertical, output shaft up pinion for rack oper.
vertical, output shaft down belt pulley
other own output component
TBstör
other