VIBRATION AND AXIAL

Us
DISPLACEMENT MONITORING CM&

INTRODUCTION BENEFITS
It is normal for all machines, even in peak performance Although machinery protection alone is sufficient

conditions, to vibrate and make noise. The level of
vibration is dependent on the operating condition of a
mechanical system: when vibration increases, deviating
from an acceptable level, it is a sure indication that some
component is deteriorating.Development of reliable
vibration measurement instrumentation now gives us
sufficient information for a detailed analysis of the
state of health of any mechanical component. Analysis
of vibration signals, combined with experience and
familiarity with the machine are the keys to relatively
accurate troubleshooting.
TURBINES
GAS TURBINES
reason for equipping critical machine parts with
supervisory instrumentation systems, monitoring
systems can be of advantage for other reasons.
They are essential for diagnostic and predic-
tive maintenance, which is a growing industry
trend and replacing preventive maintenance wher-
ever possible as preventive maintenance general-
ly has a high economic penalty which is not
always justified in technical terms. A predictive
instead of a preventive approach means operating
on a machine or component just when needed,
and no service as long as the system is running
reliably. Early identification of machinery problems
therefore offers a number of benefits, including:
1) shutdowns can be timed;
2) replacement parts can be prepared in advance,
saving time;
3) elimination of defects causing vibration

GAS
significantly reduces noise.

RADIAL VIBRATION
Two no-contact proximity probes are mounted off-
set 90°, on the bearing cap.
The proximity probe signals are sent to a control
room monitor, which:

• displays the peak-peak value of the signal from each

probe
• performs alarm and trip functions on each probe
• provides the power supply for field probes.

A third probe, a Keyphasor probe, is installed just

off the shaft. The Keyphasor acts as a phase ref-
erence, ie, it generates a pulse every time a notch
made in the shaft passes under the probe.

CONTROL ROOM FIELD

SYSTEM DUAL THRUST

MONITOR MONITOR

NO CONTACT
PROBES

POWER DUAL VIBRATION

SUPPLY MONITOR

ORBIT LOCAL
ZENER
BARRIER PROXIMITOR
Figure 1

GE Power Systems CM&Us TU/GA15-9/2002

Oil & Gas
Nuovo Pignone
VIBRATION AND AXIAL
DISPLACEMENT MONITORING
By correlating the signals from the two proximity probes
and the keyphasor, an elliptical wave shape is dis-
played (for instance on a 2-channel oscilloscope) rep-
resenting the shaft orbit.
By simply observing deviations from the ideal orbit pat-
tern, it is possible to identify any defects or irregulari-
ties. Every defect generates a characteristic vibration
mode and is represented in the form of a particular
vibration frequency. Analysis of vibration frequencies
identifies many types of problems including, for exam-
ple, unbalance of rotating parts and reduction of the oil
film which lubricates journal bearings.
Fig. 1 shows the string of instruments from field to
control room.
For two-shaft turbines:
• 4 axial displacement probes on the thrust bearings
(2 per bearing);
• 2 radial vibration probes for bearing n° 1;
• 2 radial vibration probes for bearing n° 4;
• 1 keyphasor for bearing n°1;
• 1 keyphasor for bearing n°4;
• extension cables and proximitors for all probes;
• local junction box for proximitors;
• cable sheathing up to the junction box;
• control room monitor to suit the number of probes;
• Zener barriers for each probe (if necessary);
• probe installation modification drawings and wiring
diagram.

AXIAL DISPLACEMENT Interconnecting cables between the local junction box,

No-contact probes are also used to measure rotor barrier and monitors can be supplied on request.
axial displacement
The installation comprises two probes which guarantee AXIAL AXIAL
DISPLACEMENT KEYPHASOR DISPLACEMENT
redundancy. The average values of the signals from RADIAL PROBE PROBE
VIBRATION
the probes can be displayed on a dedicated monitor PROBE
A
integrated in the previously described radial vibration
RADIAL
monitoring system. VIBRATION
PROBE
Fig.2 shows a mechanical drawing of a bearing equipped
with radial and axial vibration probes and a keyphasor.

INSTALLATION AND MACHINE MODIFICATIONS A

Fig. 3 shows the arrangement for probes on single
and two-shaft machines. RADIAL
AXIAL
DISPLACEMENT
The bearing cap and outer casing have to be drilled to VIBRATION
PROBE
PROBE KEYPHASOR

install the probes. In addition, the area of the shaft

exposed to the probe must be burnished.
All modifications can be done on site with modification
drawings supplied by Nuovo Pignone.

SCOPE OF SUPPLY
For single-shaft turbines:
C TURBINE
• 2 axial displacement probes on the thrust bearing;
• 2 radial vibration probes for bearing n° 1; Figure 2 SECTION A-A

COMK/MARK 693/I I- Studio Tre Fasi - 9-2002 ©2002 Nuovo Pignone S.p.A. all rights reserved
• 2 radial vibration probes for bearing n° 3;
• 1 keyphasor,
• extension cables and SINGLE-SHAFT
K TURBINES
proximitors for all probes;
V V PGT5/1
• local junction box for MS5001
A MS6001
installing proximitors; MS7001
MS9001
• cable sheathing up to the
H
junction box; H V
H
vertical probe
horizontal probe
bearing 1 bearing 2 bearing 3
• control room monitor to suit (only for MS7001
A
K
axial displacement probe
keyphasor
and MS9001)
the number of probes;
• Zener barriers for each probe
K K TWO-SHAFT
(if necessary); TURBINES
V V
• mechanical modification PGT5/2
A PGT10
drawings for installing the PGT25
MS5002
probes and wiring diagram. MS3002
H
H
bearing 3

bearing 4

V vertical probe
bearing 1 bearing 2 H horizontal probe
A axial displacement probe
Figure 3 K keyphasor

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Tel. +39/055 4238280 - Fax +39/055 4238308
E-mail: info.service@np.ge.com
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