SKU: Stock Keeping Unit

OH: Factory Overhead

PERT: Project Evaluation and Review Technique.
PPE: Personal Protection Equipment.
P&L: Profit and Loss
VA: Value Added. What the customer is willing to pay.
Idle time - Death or lost time.
RW - Raw Materials.
FG - Finished Goods.
DL - Direct Labor
WCM - World Class Manufacturing.
SMED - Single Minute Exchange Die.
R&D - Research and Development.
GIF: Gastos indirectos de fabricación.
CPM: Critical Path Method.
BOM - Bill of materials
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
NWB - Natural Wet Bulb
TWA - Time Weighted Average
JD - Job design.
Average cost - the average cost in a certain time.
Standardized cost - the future planed cost.
Clicks Tech - using shapes to avoid the use of screws.
VE - Value Engineering.
NRR - Noise Reduction Ratio.
WBGT - wet bulb global temperature.
GT - Global Temperature.
DB - Dry bulb.
NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
Grey - unit used to measure radiation.
MOST: Maynard Operation Sequence Technique
ROI: return of investment
CCR: Capacity constraint resource
DBR: drum-buffer-rope
PTS - Predetermined Time Standards
MTM: Measurement time methods
TMU: Time Measured Unit
WIP - Work in Progress
TOC: Theory of constraints
BN: BottleNeck
CTD: Cumulative Trauma Disorders
FC: Foot Candle
- 5s: Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitzuke

- Just what is needed, when it's needed, only in the quantity needed.

- Paradigm in the implementation: There are urgent orders, we cannot waste time cleaning.

- The red cards: Identifying objects that are not necessary and to indicate a problem

- Takt time: time available/ production required.

- Value Added: What the customer is willing to pay

- Productivity increased in the US: 4% annually

- Two indicators: Returns from customers 50 parts per million , Inventory turner.

- External SMED: All the things that are not related with the procedure of the machine.

-Internal SMED: It is the time that a machine takes to perform a task.

- Meng: Is the creation of tools, work areas, machines, etc. with the objective to provide
ergonomic and safe work environments and increase productivity.

-objectives of standards/ job design: Increase productivity, and reduce unitary cost

- Standard: An established procedure created from the study of times with the objective to
increase productivity and reduce unitary cost.

- increase productivity: Do more with less, do more with the same, do the same with less.

- 12 principles of efficiency: Emerson

- Gilbreth’s contribution: Study of movements.

- 3 charts exploratory tools for methods/measurement of work: Gantt, Pareto, PERT.

- Fishbone diagram as: Ishikawa

- PERT chart vs a Gantt chart: The PERT chart shows the critical route.

- Exploratory tool that consists of a questionnaire aimed at identifying in a simple way: Work
place analysis

- 5 main symbols: Operation (Circle), Warehouse (Triangle), Inspection (Square), Delay (Letter
D), Transfer (Arrow)

- 5S methodology?: A tool or series of steps that help organize and optimize a work place by
getting rid and cleaning the area.
- “A place for everything and everything in its place”. - Set in order

- Objectives METHENG: To reach preset standards and achieve a status satisfaction on

workers
-Job design: It includes safety and ergonomic measured applied to the workers area and to the
tasks the worker has to perform during operations.

- Objective to achieve by 5´s: To keep the order and organize in the workplaces to increase
productivity and have a good work environment

- “If you can't measure it, you can't improve it”. - Standardize.

- Hawthorne studies: Elton Mayo.

-(DM, DL, OH) are the most important opportunities: in direct labor because it's about workers

- Therblig: Basic 17 movements a worker may do during an operation. Gilberts.

- 3 charts Registration and Analysis Tools: Flow chart, Group Process Diagram, Diagrams of
Man-Machine Processes

- analysis Tool used to identify idle times: Diagrams of Man-Machine Processes

- Important step of Job Analysis method: Operation Purpose.

- Productivity is equal to: Quantity/ Resources (used.)

- better that improving: Eliminating it if is not necessary.

- Improve operation by the use as material: Find a lighter and cheaper material - Find material
easy to process

- DFM: cars, service.

- Simplify the design of a product: Reducing the number of parts and pieces - reducing the
operations needed to build the product

- DFE: a biodegradable bottle because it does not affect the environment

- neutrality temperature control: total temperature acquired by an operator's work is equal to 0

- SMED Job Analysis: Preparation and tooling

- Plant distribution: Product, Project, Process (Layout)

- 3 non-effective: To hold, search, to inspect.

- 3 effective: Assemble, reach, take.

- Control noise level: Control the origin, isolate the source, provide noise protection equipment.

- Significant noise: The amount of noise that affects the worker’s capacity to accomplish or do
his task

- qualified employee: An average worker that works at a normal rhythm, that is trained and
familiarized.

- 2 elements selection of the operator in a time study: A trained, familiarized with the task, with a
cooperative attitude.

- 4 elements in a time study: Foreign, external, internal, occasional

- 2 elements in standard time: Normal time + Allowances

- Minimum time: 0.03 minutes

- Westinghouse: Skill, working conditions, effort and consistency

- 48 seconds: 80 hundred of a minute

- personal needs: 5%

- A mistake: Foreign element

- Getting up to drink: External element

- Fill a container of washers: Occasional element

- An assembly operation: Internal element

- standard time in a time study: Average time + rating + allowances

- arithmetic average of the readings: Measured time

- “normalize” the time of an element: Add rating to average time

- An avoidable: Special Allowance

- A lack of ventilation: Variable allowance

- Going to the bathroom: Constant allowance

- A directive allowance: Special allowance

- Basic fatigue: Constant allowance

- Fair job: Amount of work that a qualify employee can produce by working at a standard pace

- Standard pace: Is the pace that a employee can have in his own rhythm.

- Observer located: behind, close

- objective dividing: Facilitate, simplify and validate statistically.

- Normalized time in time study: Measured plus Rating

- 49 second: 81.6

- Fatigue allowance: 4%

- MTM-2 more adequate: Cycle more than 1 minute, no so complex cycle

- Two terms predetermined times: Basic and synthetic (time)

- MTM to separate the operation: independent allowances may be implemented.

- Simple contact case: moving an object without holding it.

- Simple contact in MTM2: move a thing by pushing it, not loading it.

- Seconds 1 TMU = 0.036 s

-Hours 1 TMU = 0.00001 h
-Minutes 1 TMU = 0.0006 m

- 3.241s per piece: 90.02 TMU

- 0.421s per piece: 11.6944 TMU

- 10min per piece: 16, 666.66 TMU

- 32min per piece: 90.02 TMU

- 32 pieces per minute in TMU: 52.083 TMU

- Correction for the qualification: Yes

- basic fatigue: No

- personal needs: No

- MOST: Zandin

- Turning a crank on a machine less than half in MTM-2 as : Put with weight
- 3 levels of Operation MOST: Basic - 0.5 - 3, Min - 1.6 down , Max - 2 min up

- MOST first used: Sweden in Saab Scania in 1967.

- Seven general: ABG - ABP - A

- 7 controlled: A, B, G, M, X, I, A

- Inventories: The money invested by the company in acquiring something that is pretending to
sell.

- 5 stages most: Taking -Use - using the tool -set aside - Ending

- Tighten a screw MOST: Tool using.

- Jonah’s concept is: Do thing in such a way that, in the case of the company, it is as close as
possible to its goal

- Operational expenses: money spent by the system to convert the inventory into throughput

- Throughput: The rate of money generated through sales.

- Return in MOST: A

- Example restrictions.: Internal - insufficient capacity - External - lack of raw materials

- alex and lou: Net profit, ROI and cash flow

- Constraint: Anything in the organization(or outside it) that blocks it to reach its goal

- balance the flow: True

- Continual improvement: Identify, Explode, Subordinate, increase, return

- Non-bottleneck: TRUE

- Crank corresponds to a controlled: the movement of an object while still taking a Surface.

- A1B3G3A1B0P3A1: 120

- A3B0G3A1B3P1S16A1B3P1A1: 330

- nut is represented in MTM-1: T90°

- two methods of rating: Synthetic and objective (grading)

- 48 seconds: 80 hundred of a minute

- predetermined times: Basic or synthetic times.

- simple touch: It refers to touching one thing and moving it without holding.

- TMU of 0.421 s per piece: 11.69

- TMU of 10 pieces per min: 16666.66

- Grade for the acting: Yes

- Allowances: No

- Turning a handle MTM-2: Turn handle

- Boy scouts: A dice and matches.

- UniWare: NCX-10 - the thermic treatment

- Operation costs: Money spent by the system to convert the inventory into throughput.

- Winning money: False

- Equilibrate: False

- Utilization and exploitation: False

- The statistical fluctuations: True

- The efficiency in the value added: False

- The goal of any company: False

- A lost hour: True

- A saved hour: True

- The efficiency of the added value: False

- An avoidable setback: Especial

- Learning curve: relationship between time elapsed from performing an activity and the level of
learning achieved

- Antropometría: Ciencia de medición de las dimensiones del cuerpo y algunas de sus

caracteristicas físicas
- Antropometría estática: mide al cuerpo cuando se encuentra fijo permite el diseño de
elementos de seguridad

- Antropometría dinámica: mide al cuerpo cuando se encuentra en movimiento, reconociendo

que el alcance real que tiene alguien es el de su brazo y su tronco

- Ergonomía: Estudio del trabajo

- Ergonomía positiva: Estudia las ventajas que se le brindan al trabajador cuando está en la
posición correcta