Oleh :
Dosen Pembimbing :
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KATA PENGANTAR
1. Bapak Rois Fatoni, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D., selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Kimia
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
4. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Teknik Kimia Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta atas
segala bimbingan dan arahan nya.
5. Orang tua saya, Marijo, S.Pd. dan Poniyem, S.Pd. yang selalu mensupport saya,
serta kakak dan adik saya yang selalu mendukung serta mendoakan saya,
sehingga saya dapat mengerjakan tugas akhir dengan lancar tanpa ada halangan
6. Seluruh keluarga besar saya yang selalu mensupport dan mendoakan saya
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8. Teman-teman Teknik Kimia UMS angkatan 2012 yang namanya tidak bisa
disebutkan satu persatu, terimakasih atas dukungan, kerjasama dan bantuan
selama mengalami kesulitan.
8. Kakak tingkat 2011, yang telah mau membantu jika saya mengalami kesulitan
serta adek tingkat 2013 yang selalu memberi dukungan.
9. Dan semua pihak yang ikut membantu dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini
yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu.
Saya menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan tugas akhir ini masih jauh dari
sempurna. Untuk itu saya sebagai penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang
membangun untuk kesempurnaan tugas akhir ini. Semoga tugas akhir ini dapat
bermanfaat bagi semua orang.
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DAFTAR ISI
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2.2.5 Kondisi operasi ............................................................................ 19
2.3 Diagram Alir Proses ........................................................................ 20
2.4 Langkah Proses ................................................................................. 23
2.4.1 Tahapan Persiapan bahan baku .................................................... 23
2.4.2 Tahap pembentukan produk ........................................................ 23
2.4.3 Tahap pemurnian produk ............................................................ 23
2.4.4 Tahap pembutiran ........................................................................ 24
2.5 Neraca Massa dan Neraca panas..................................................... 25
2.5.1 Kapasitas ...................................................................................... 25
2.5.2 Neraca Massa dan Neraca Panas ................................................. 25
2.6 LayoutPabrik dan Peralatan ............................................................. 40
2.6.1 Layout Pabrik............................................................................... 40
2.6.2 Layout Peralatan .......................................................................... 42
BAB III. SPESIFIKASI ALAT
3.1 Tangki ............................................................................................. 44
3.2 Silo .................................................................................................. 45
3.3 Furnace ........................................................................................... 46
3.4 Reaktor ............................................................................................ 47
3.5 Absorber ......................................................................................... 47
3.6 Stripper ........................................................................................... 48
3.7 Prilling Tower................................................................................. 49
3.8 Separator ......................................................................................... 50
3.9 Kompresor ...................................................................................... 51
3.10 Cooler ........................................................................................... 52
3.11 Expander ....................................................................................... 54
3.12 Condensor ..................................................................................... 55
3.13 Reboliler-01 .................................................................................. 56
3.14 Heater-01 ...................................................................................... 57
3.15 Blower ........................................................................................... 57
3.16 Akumulator-01 .............................................................................. 58
3.17 Pompa ........................................................................................... 59
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3.18 Belt conveyor ................................................................................ 61
3.19 Bucket elevator ............................................................................. 62
3.20 filter udara ..................................................................................... 62
3.21 Filter molecular sieve ................................................................... 63
BAB IV. UNIT PENDUKUNG PROSES (UTILITAS) DAN LABORATORIUM
4.1 Unit Pendukung Proses .................................................................... 64
4.1.1 Unit Penyediaan Air ................................................................... 65
4.1.2 Unit Penyediaan Steam ............................................................... 69
4.1.3 Unit Penyediaan Listrik .............................................................. 69
4.1.4 Unit Penyediaan Udara Tekan .................................................... 72
4.1.5 Unit Penyediaan Bahan Bakar .................................................... 72
4.1.6 Unit Penyediaan Dowtherm A .................................................... 73
4.5 Unit Pengolahan Limbah ................................................................ 73
4.2 Spesifikasi Alat Utilitas .................................................................. 74
4.3 Laboratorium .................................................................................. 89
BAB V. MANAJEMEN PERUSAHAAN
5.1 Bentuk Perusahaan............................................................................ 93
5.2 Struktur Organisasi ........................................................................... 94
5.3. Tugas dan Wewenang ...................................................................... 97
5.3.1 Pemegang Saham ...................................................................... 97
5.3.2 Dewan Komisaris ...................................................................... 97
5.3.3 Dewan Direksi .......................................................................... 97
5.3.4 Staf Ahli .................................................................................... 98
5.3.5 Penelitian dan Pengembangan (Litbang) .................................. 98
5.3.6 Kepala Bagian ........................................................................... 99
5.3.7 Kepala Seksi.............................................................................. 102
5.4. Pembagian Jam Kerja Karyawan ..................................................... 102
5.5. Status Karyawan dan sistem Gaji .................................................... 104
5.6. Penggolongan Jabatan, Jumlah Karyawan dan Gaji ........................ 104
5.6.1 Penggolongan jabatan ............................................................... 104
5.6.2 Jumlah karyawan dan gaji ......................................................... 106
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5.7. Kesejahteraan Karyawan ................................................................. 107
5.8. Manajemen Produksi ....................................................................... 107
5.8.1 Perencanaan produksi ............................................................... 108
5.8.2 Pengendalian produksi .............................................................. 109
BAB VI. ANALISA EKONOMI
6.1 Perhitungan Analisa Ekonomi .......................................................... 111
6.1.1 Dasar Perhitungan ...................................................................... 114
6.1.2 Penaksiran Harga ......................................................................... 115
6.1.3 Fixed Capital Investment (FCI) .................................................. 118
6.1.4 Working Capital (WC) ............................................................... 119
6.1.5 Manufacturing Cost (MC) .......................................................... 119
6.1.6 General Expenses (GE) .............................................................. 120
6.1.7 Analisa Kelayakan ....................................................................... 120
6.1.7.1 Keuntungan ............................................................................ 120
6.1.7.2 Percent return on investment (ROI) ...................................... 120
6.1.7.3 Pay out time (POT) ............................................................... 121
6.1.7.4 Break event point (BEP) ........................................................ 121
6.1.7.5 Shut down point (SDP)........................................................... 121
6.1.7.6 Discounted cash flow (DCF) ................................................. 121
KESIMPULAN .................................................................................................. 123
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
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DAFTAR TABEL
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Tabel 2.24 Neraca Panas Prilling Tower ......................................................... 36
Tabel 2.25 Neraca Panas Kondensor-02 .......................................................... 36
Tabel 2.26 Neraca Panas Separator-01 ............................................................ 37
Tabel 2.27 Neraca Panas Kompresor-03 .......................................................... 37
Tabel 2.28 Neraca Panas Separator-02 ............................................................ 38
Tabel 2.29 Neraca Panas Expander-01 ............................................................ 38
Tabel 2.30 Neraca Panas Heater-01................................................................. 38
Tabel 2.31 Neraca Panas CO-Converter .......................................................... 39
Tabel 3.1 Spesifikasi Tangki….. ...................................................................... 44
Tabel 3.2 Spesifikasi Reaktor….. .................................................................... 47
Tabel 3.3 Spesifikasi Separator….. .................................................................. 50
Tabel 3.4 Spesifikasi Kompresor….. ............................................................... 51
Tabel 3.5 Spesifikasi Cooler….. ...................................................................... 52
Tabel 3.6 Spesifikasi Expander….................................................................... 54
Tabel 3.7 Spesifikasi Condenser….. ................................................................ 55
Tabel 3.8 Spesifikasi Pompa….. ...................................................................... 59
Tabel 4.1 Kebutuhan untuk pendingin ............................................................. 65
Tabel 4.2 Kebutuhan air untuk umpan boiler .................................................. 66
Tabel 4.3 Kebutuhan air sanitasi ...................................................................... 69
Tabel 4.4 Kebutuhan listrik untuk alat proses .................................................. 70
Tabel 4.5 Kebutuhan listrik untuk utilitas ........................................................ 71
Tabel 5.1 Jadwal hari dan jam kerja karyawan shift ........................................ 103
Tabel 5.2 Jumlah karyawan menurut jabatan ................................................... 106
Tabel 6.1 Indeks harga alat .............................................................................. 115
Tabel 6.2 Fixed Capital Investment ................................................................. 118
Tabel 6.3 Working Capital ............................................................................... 119
Tabel 6.4 Manufacturing Cost ......................................................................... 119
Tabel 6.5 General Expenses ............................................................................. 120
Tabel 6.7 Kesimpulan analisa ekonomi ........................................................... 123
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