a.

Most Common
2) Most Common Cause of Worm Infection : Pinworms – Ascaris
3) Most Common Cause of Viral Encephalitis : Herpes Simplix Virus
4) Most Common Cause of Viral Meningitis : Coxsackie or Echovirus groups of
enteroviruses
5) Most Common Cause Bacterial Meningitis in Elderly is strep. Pneumonia
6) Most Common Cause of Meningitis in Newborns : Group B strept.
7) Most Common Cause of Meningitis in Children : Streptt. Pneumonia
8) Most Common Cause of Meningitis in Young Adults (Teen) : Neisseria Meningitidis
9) Most Common Type of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Mxied Cellularity & Best Prognosis is
Lymphatic Predominant.
10) Most Common Type of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma : B-cell lymphomas
11) Most Common Thyroid disease : Goiter
12) Most Common site of Atherosclerosis : Carotid Bifurcation
13) Most Common Surgical emergency : Acute Appendicitis
14) Most Common site of Diverticula : Sigmoid Colon
15) Most Common Cause of SIADH : Small Cell CA of the Lung
16) Most Common Cause of Death in DKA pt. : Cerebral Edema
17) Most Common Cause of STDs : Chlamydia
18) Most Common Cause of 2ry HTN : Renal disease
19) Most Common cause of right-sided heart failure : left-sided heart failure (either
systolic or diastolic heart failure)
20) Most Common Cause of Intrinsic RF : Acute Tubular Necrosis
21) Most Common Cause of Acute RF : Pre-Renal Causes
22) Most Common Cause of Chronic RF : Diabetic Nephropathy
23) Most Common Cause of 2ry Pulmonary HTN : COPD
24) Most Common Cause of Protozoal Diarrahea : Giardia
25) Most Common Cause of Portal HTN : Liver Cirrhosis
26) Most Common Cause of Peripheral Neuropathy : D.M
27) Most Common Cause of Opportunistic infection in AIDS : Pneumocystis Carinaii
Pneumonia
28) Most Common Cause Chromosomal Anomaly that cause 1ry Abortion : Trisomy 16
29) (also it is the most common trisomy in human pregnancies)
30) Most Common Cause of 2ry Abortion : Cervical Incompetence
31) Most Common Cause of Post-Partum Hemorrhage : Uterine Atony
32) Most Common Cause of Anti-Partum Hemorrhage :Abraptio Placenta
33) Most Common Cause of Late 2ry Post-Partum Hemorrhage : Retained Placental
Tissue
34) Most Common Cause of Post-Menopausal Bleeding : Atrophic Vaginitis
35) Most Common Cause of Post-Menopausal Bleeding : Atrophic endometritis
36) Most Common symptoms of Cervical/Endometrial CA : Abnormal Vaginal bleeding
not associated with a woman's period
37) Most Common Cause of Uterine Tumor : Leiomyoma (Fibroid)
38) Most Common Cause of Death in Pre-eclampsia : Cerebral hemorrhage
39) Most Common Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome : Mininmal Change Dis.
40) Most Common Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults : Focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis
41) Most Common Cause of Myocarditis : Coxsackie A virus
42) Most Common Cause of Mental Retardation : Down’s Syndrome
43) Most Common Cause of Mental Retardation in boys Worldwide : Fragile X syndrome
44) Most Common Cause of Mental Retardation in boys Worldwide : Down’s Syndrome
45) Most Common Cause of Liver Infection : Hepatitis A
46) Most Common Cause of Intussuception : Terminal ileum into Cecum
47) Most Common Cause of Hyperthyroidisim : Graves Disease
48) Most Common Cause of Hypothyroidsim in developed countries : Hashimoto’s
Thyroditis
49) Most Common Cause of Hypothyroidsim world wide : Iodine deficiency
50) Most Common Cause of Hypopitutarism in Children : Craniopharyngioma
51) Most Common Cause of HTN is : Eseential HTN
52) Most Common Cause of HTN in children : Renal Parenchymal Dis.
53) Most Common Cause of HTN in Young women : OCPs
54) Most Common Cause of 2ry HTN IS Renal disease .
55) Most Common Cause of Hyperparathyroidisim : Adenoma > Hyperplasia > CA
56) Most Common Cause of Hyperparathyroidisim : CRF
57) Most Common Cause of Hypercalcemia : Hyperparathyroidisim
58) Most Common Cause type of Hernia in males & females : Indirect Inguinal
59) Most Common Cause of Hernia in Females : Indirect Inguinal
60) Most Common Cause of Hernia in Males : Indirect Inguinal
61) Most Common Cause of Hernia in Females : Femoral Hernia
62) Most Common Cause of Hereditary Bleeding Disorders : Von Willebrand’s Dis.
63) Most Common Heart valve involved in RF : Mitral Valve
64) Most Common Heart valve Involved in Bacterioal Endocarditis : Mitral Valve
65) Most Common Heart valve Involved in Bacterioal Endocarditis in IV drug users :
Tricuspid valve
66) Most Common Cause of Heart Murmur is Mitral valve Prolapse
67) Most Common Cause of Glomerulonephritis in Adult : IgA Nephropathy (Berger’s
Dis)
68) Most Common Cause of Glomerulonephritis in Children : Post-Strepttococal G.N
69) Most Common Cause of GIT obstruction : Adhesions
70) Most Common Cause of Small bowel obstruction : Adhesions
71) Most Common Hernia that cause GI obstruction : Indirect Inguinal Hernia
72) Most Common Protien in Urine w Multiple Myeloma : Bence Jones Protien
73) Most Common Cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia : 21 hydroylase def.
74) Most Common Disk herniation : L4 – L5
75) Most Common Cause of End Stage Kidney Dis : DM
76) Most Common Cause of Dietary Def : Iron
77) Most Common Cause of Diarrhea in children : Rotavirus
78) Most Common Cause of Demenitia : Alheimer’s Dis.
79) Most Common Cause of Death worldwide : Ischemic Heart Dis.
80) Most Common Cause of Death in SLE pts. : Lupus Nephropathy Type 4 : Diffuse
Proliferating
81) Most Common Cause of Death in HTN pts. : Acute MI
82) Most Common Cause Silent Asymptomatic MI : DM
83) Most Common Cause of Death in Alheimer’s pts. : Aspiration Pneumonia
84) Most Common Cause of Death in Stroke pts. : Aspiration Pneumonia
85) Most Common Cause of Cushing Syndrome : Eogenous Steroid Therapy
86) Most Common Cause of Coronary Art. Thrombosis : Left Ant. Descending Art.
87) Most Common Cause of Cyanotic Heart Dis. : TOF
88) Most Common Cause of Congenital Heart Dis, : VSD ( Membranous)
89) Most Common Cause GIT anomaly : Meckel Diverticulum
90) Most Common Cause Liver Cirrhosis in Western communities : Alchohol
91) Most Common Cause Liver Cirrhosis in Jordan : Hepatitis B
92) Most Common Chromosomal disorder : Down’s Syndrome
93) Most Common Carpal Bone Fracture : Scaphoid Bone
94) Most Common Cause of Mets. For any CA : Regional Lymph Node
95) Most Common Cause Mets. After Regional L.N : Liver
96) Most Common Cause of Leukemia in all children : ALL
97) Most Common Cause of Leukemia/Malignancy in elderly : CLL
98) Most Common Cause of Gynecological Malignancy : Endometrial CA
99) Most Common Surgical Gynecological proplem : Utrine Fibroid
100) Number of the Chromosome involved in Cystic Fibrosis : Ch. 7
101) Most Common Cause Blindness is Diabetic Retinopathy
102) Most Common Breast Mass in young age is Fibroadenoma
103) Most Common Cause of Acute Infective Endocrditis : Staph Aureus
104) Most Common Cause of Subacute Acute Infective Endocrditis : Staph Viridans
105) Most Common Cause Bacterial Arthritis in Young age : Nisseria Gonorrhea
106) Most Common Cause of Nosocomial Pneumonia : Staph. Aureus
107) Most Common Cause of Epiglotittis : Haemophillus Influena Type B
108) Most Common Cause of Otitis Media : Streptt. Pneumonia
109) Most Common Cause of Food Poisoning : Staph Aureus
110) Most Common GIT microflora : Bacteriodes
111) Most Common Cause of Sepsis in IV drug abuser : Staph. Aureus
112) Most Common Cause of Pneumonia in IV drug Abuser : Staph. Aureus
113) Most Common Cause of PID : Chlamydia
114) Most Common Cause of Community Acquired Pneumonia : Streptt.
Pneumonia
115) Most Common Cause of Nosocomial Infection : UTI
116) Most Common Cause of Atypical Pneumonia : Mycoplasma
117) Most Common Cancer of Pancreas : Adenocarcinoma
118) Most Common Cause of Pancreas CA ; Head
119) Most Common Pituitary Mass : Prolactinoma
120) Most Common Benign Mass of Placenta : Haemangioma
121) Most Common Cause Salivary Gland CA : Pliemorphic Adenoma
122) Most Common Skin CA : Basal Skin CA
123) Most Common Stomach CA : Adenocarcinoma
124) Most Common Testicular : Seminoma
125) Most Common Thyroid CA : Papillary CA
126) Most Common Malignant Lymphoma in Children : Burkitt’s Lymphoma
127) Most Common Cause of Addison’s Disease : AI
128) Most Common Cause of Acute MI in Children : Kawasaki Dis
129) Most Common Site of Aneyrysm : Abdominal Aorta
130) Most Common Cause of Subarachnoid Hge : Aneurysm of Circle of Willis
131) Most Common Cause of Epidural (Etradural) Hge : Head Trauma
132) Most Common Cause of Subdural Hge
133) Source of Bleeding in Epidural Haematoma : Middle Meningeal Artery
134) Source of Bleeding in Subdural Haematoma : Bridging Viens
135) Subdural Haematoma in MRI : Crescent Shape
136) Epiadural Hematoma in MRI : Biconcave Shape
137) Most Common Cancer in Infancy is Hemangioma
138) Most Common Cause of Abdominal mass in Newborn : Hydronephrosis
139) Most Common Cause of Abdominal mass in Children < 1 year :
Neuroblastoma
140) Most Common Cause of Abdominal mass in Children > 1 year : Wilm’s Tumor
141) Most Common Cause of men in Jordan : Colon
142) Most Common Cause of men in International : Prostate
143) Most Common Cause in Women : Breast CA
144) Most Common Benign Tumor in Women : Leimyoma (Fibroid)
145) Most Common Breast CA : Infiltrating Ductal Adenocarcinoma
146) Most Common Liver CA : Metastasis
147) Most Common 1ry Liver CA : HCC
148) Most Common Liver CA in children : Hepatoblastoma
149) Most Common Cancer Death worldwide : Lung CA
150) Most Common 1ry Bone CA in Adults & Old Age : Multiple Myeloma
151) Most Common Mets. To Bone CA in males : Prostate CA
152) Most Common Mets. To Bone CA in females : Breast CA
153) Most Common Bone CA in Children : Osteosarcoma
154) Most Common Brain Malignant Tumor in Children : Medulloblastoma in
Cerebellum
155) Most Common Brain Benign Tumor in Children : Pilocytic Astrocytoma
156) Most Common Brain Malignant Tumor in Adult : (Gliomas ; Glioblastoma
Multiform)
157) Most Common Brain Benign Tumor in Adult :
158) Most Common Soft Tissue Mass / C.T tumor : Lipoma
159) Most Common Benign Eosphageal Neoplasm : Leimyoma
160) Most Common Malignant Eosphgeal Neoplasm ; Squamous Cell CA
161) Most Common Site of Squamous Eosphgeal CA : Upper 2/3
162) Most Common Site of Eosphgeal Adenocarcinoma : Upper 1/3
163) Most Common Origin of Mets. To Liver : Lung then GI malignancy
164) Most Common Cancer in Mouth , Anus , Tounge , Mouth : Squamous Cell CA
165) Most Common cause of respiratory distress in newborn : Transient tachypnea
of the newborn
166) Most Common associated anomaly with coarctation : Bicuspid valve
167) Most Common affected joint in gout : First MTP
168) Most Common type of fluid collection in scrotum : Hydrocele
169) Most Common affected bowel segment in TB : Ileocecal area
170) Most Common abdominal emergency of early childhood : Intussusception
171) Most Common bacterial cause of mesenteric adenitis : Yersinia Enterocolitica
172) Most Common benign hepatic lesion : Hemangioma
173) Most Common benign intraconal tumor of the orbit in adults : Cavernous
hemangiomas.
174) Most Common benign testicular mass : Simple cyst
175) Most Common benign tumor of spleen : Hemangioma
176) Most Common benign tumor of the lung : Hamartoma
177) Most Common bilateral testicular tumor : Lymphoma
178) Most Common breast tumor under age 25 years : Fibroadenoma
179) Most Common cardiac manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematous :
Pericarditis
180) Most Common cardiac tumor in children : Rhabdomyoma
181) Most Common causative organism of acute pyogenic meningitis in adults :
Strep. Pneumonia
182) Most Common causative organism of neonatal pyogenic meningitis : E. coli
183) Most Common cause for pulmonary edema : Left-sided heart disease
184) Most Common cause non iatrogenic cause of small bowel obstruction : Hernia
185) Most Common cause of a large choroid plexus cyst : Trisomy 18
186) Most Common cause of a large pleural fluid collection in the newborn period :
Chylothorax
187) Most Common cause of acute testicular pain in postpubertal male : Acute
epididymitis
188) Most Common cause of acute testicular pain in prepubertal male : Torsion
189) Most Common cause of bilateral breast edema : CHF
190) Most Common cause of biliary obstruction : Choledocholithiasis
191) Most Common cause of bleeding between menstrual cycles : Endometrial
hyperplasia
192) Most Common cause of bronchopneumonia : Staphylococcal
193) Most Common cause of cancer deaths in males and females : Bronchogenic
CA
194) Most Common cause of cause of infectious esophagitis : Candida Esophagitis
195) Most Common cause of cavitary (necrotic) pneumonia in a child : Strep
pneum
196) Most Common cause of Charcot joints : Diabetes mellitus
197) Most Common cause of colonic obstruction in adults : Malignancy
198) Most Common cause of colonic obstruction in the infant : Meconium plug
syndrome in CF patients
199) Most Common cause of congenital CNS infection : CMV
200) Most Common cause of congenital duodenal obstruction : Duodenal atresia
201) Most Common cause of cord ischemia : Thromboembolic disease
202) Most Common cause of cyanosis in a child : Tetralogy of Fallot
203) Most Common cause of cyanosis n newborn Transposition of great vessels
204) Most Common cause of dwarfism : Achondroplasia
205) Most Common cause of end-stage renal disease : Diabetic Nephropathy
206) Most Common cause of epididymitis in males aged 15 to 35 years : Sexually
transmitted diseases
207) Most Common cause of facial hemipalsy : Bell palsy
208) Most Common cause of left atrial dilatation : Mitral regurgitation
209) Most Common cause of lower GI bleeding : Diverticulosis
210) Most Common cause of malignancy of men in the world – Bronchogenic CA
211) Most Common cause of membranous croup : Staph. Aureus
212) Most Common cause of Neonatal Pneumonia : Group B streptococcus
213) Most Common cause of nephrocalcinosis in adults : Primary
hyperparathyroidism
214) Most Common cause of osteoblastic bone metastases in an adult female :
Breast CA
215) Most Common cause of osteoblastic bone metastases in an adult male :
Prostate CA
216) Most Common cause of renal vein thrombosis in adults : Nephrotic syndrome
217) Most Common cause of squamous cell ca. in the renal pelvis : Chronic
Infected stag horn calculus
218) Most Common cause of testicular swelling : Hydrocele
219) Most Common cause of SVC syndrome : Bronchogenic CA
220) Most Common cause of tricuspid stenosis : Rheumatic heart disease
221) Most Common cause of sudden cardiac death among young people
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
222) (HCM)
223) Most Common cause of toxic mega colon : Pseudomembranous colitis
224) Most Common chest x-ray abnormality in the ICU : Atelectasis
225) Most Common complication of ERCP : Pancreatitis
226) Most Common congenital abnormality of GI tract : Meckel’s diverticulum
227) Most Common congenital anomaly of CNS in live births : Myelomeningocele
228) Most Common congenital defect of CNS : Anencephaly
229) Most Common component of mixed germ cell tumors : Embryonal Cell CA
230) Most Common congenital heart disease : Bicuspid aortic valve.
231) Most Common cranial nerve affected by a pituitary macroadenoma : CN VI
232) Most Common cranial nerve to be affected with schwannoma : VIII
233) Most Common cyanotic congenital heart malformation beyond neonatal
period : TOF
234) Most Common diffuse breast disorder : Fibrocystic disease of breast
235) Most Common cystic tumor of pancreas : Mucinous cystic neoplasm
236) Most Common estrogenic ovarian tumor : Granulosa Cell Tumor
237) Most Common benign ovarian neoplasm in young and middle-aged women
(<45 years) : Mature
238) teratoma
239) Most Common Cause of Ovarian CA : Epithelial Serous Cyst Adenocarcinoma
240) Most Common sex cord-stromal cell tumor : Ovarian Fibroma
241) Most Common Benign ovarian neoplasm : Serous Cystadenoma
242) Most Common malignant ovarian neoplasm : Serous Cystadenocarcinoma
243) Most Common etiology for osteomyelitis : Staphylococcus aureus
244) Most Common etiology of bilaterally enlarged, hyperechoic kidneys in
newborn infant : ARPKD.
245) Most Common etiology of mesenteric adenitis : Viral
246) Most Common extra-adrenal site of pheochromocytoma : Organ of
Zuckerkandl
247) Most Common extraaxial neoplasm of CNS : Meningioma
248) Most Common etiology of rickets : Vitamin D deficiency
249) Most Common extrapulmonary site of tuberculosis : Urinary tract
250) Most Common form of emphysema in smokers : Centrilobular emphysema
251) Most Common form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : Asymmetric
involvement of the
252) interventricular septum
253) Most Common form of systemic vasculitis in adults : Giant cell (temporal)
arteritis
254) Most Common functional tumors of the ovary : Sex cord–stromal tumors
255) Most Common germ cell tumor associated with excessive hCG production
:Choriocarcinoma
256) Most Common germ cell tumor associated with excessive hCG production
after choriocarcinoma :
257) Dysgerminoma
258) Most Common GI neoplasm : Adenoma
259) Most Common gynecologic neoplasm : Uterine Leiomyoma
260) Most Common histologic type of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with
cavitation : Squamous
261) Most Common histologic type of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with
pancoast tumor :
262) Squamous
263) Most Common histologic type of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with
pleural effusion :
264) Adenocarcinoma
265) Most Common intramedullary tumor in children : Astrocytoma
266) Most Common intramedullary tumor of adults : Ependymoma
267) Most Common intraocular neoplasm in childhood : Retinoblastoma
268) Most Common intraorbital tumors found in adults : Cavernous hemangiomas
269) Most Common intrathoracic fetal anomaly : Congenital diaphragmatic Hernia
270) Most Common islet cell tumor in MEN 1 : Gastrinoma
271) Most Common islet cell tumor of the pancreas : Insulinoma
272) Most Common liver tumor after metastases : Hemangioma
273) Most Common location for a pilocytic astrocytoma : Cerebellum
274) Most Common location of benign and malignant masses in breast : Upper
outer quadrant
275) Most Common location of an ectopic pregnancy : Ampullary region of the
fallopian tube
276) Most Common location of benign and malignant masses in breast : Upper
outer quadrant
277) Most Common location of bronchogenic carcinoma : Right upper lobe
278) Most Common location of intraorbital abscess : Subperiosteal space on
medial wall
279) Most Common malignancy of childhood : Leukemia
280) Most Common malignant bone tumor in children : Ewings
281) Most Common malignant neoplasm of diaphragm : Fibrosarcoma
282) Most Common malignant neoplasm of the spleen : Lymphoma
283) Most Common malignant primary bone tumor in young adults + children :
Osteosarcoma
284) Most Common malignant sex cord–stromal tumor : Granulosa cell tumor
285) Most Common malignant testicular neoplasm : Nonseminomatous germ cell
tumors
286) Most Common malignant tumor of the duodenum : Adenocarcinoma
287) Most Common malignant tumor of the heart : Angiosarcoma
288) Most Common malignant tumor of the small bowel : Carcinoid
289) Most Common mammographic finding in DCIS : Microcalcifications
290) Most Common mammographic finding in Infiltrating/Invasive Lobular
Carcinoma : Architectural distortion
291) Most Common mass lesion of the cerebellopontine angle after acoustic
schwannoma : Meningioma
292) Most Common metastasis to the heart : Melanoma
293) Most Common missed type of breast cancer on mammography :
Infiltrating/Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
294) Most Common metastatic cause of linitis plastica : Breast carcinoma
295) Most Common neonatal cyanotic congenital heart malformation :
Transposition of the great vessels
296) Most Common neoplasm of internal auditory canal / cerebellopontine angle :
Vestibular Schwannoma
297) Most Common organism of acute pyogenic meningitis in infants & children :
N. meningitides
298) Most Common pediatric tumor causing isosexual precocious puberty in a girl :
Granulosa cell tumor
299) Most Common predisposing disorder of secondary spontaneous
pneumothorax : COPD
300) Most Common pregnancy-related mortality in the first trimester Ectopic
pregnancy
301) Most Common pineal tumor : Pineal Germinoma
302) Most Common primary brain tumor : GBM
303) Most Common primary cardiac tumors in adults : Myxomas
304) Most Common site for cardiac myxoma : Left atrium
305) Most common primary cerebellar mass in an adult : Hemangioblastoma
306) Most Common primary demyelinating disease : MS
307) Most Common primary female urethral malignancy : Squamous cell
carcinoma
308) Most Common primary hepatic neoplasm in infants & children <5 years old :
Hepatoblastoma
309) Most Common primary lung tumor under age 16 : Bronchial Adenoma
310) Most Common renal fusion anomaly : Horseshoe kidney
311) Most Common renal mass in a 3 months old infant : Mesoblastic nephroma
312) Most Common respiratory cause of cold agglutinin production : Mycoplasma
pneumonia
313) Most Common spinal cord tumor : Ependymoma
314) Most Common single cause of breast lumps in females between 35 to 55
years of age : Breast cyst
315) Most Common systemic allergic hypersensitivity-related acute small-vessel
vasculitis in children : HSP
316) Most Common testicular tumor in a young boy : Yolk sac tumor
317) Most Common tumor of adenohypophysis : Pituitary Adenoma
318) Most Common tumor of the appendix : Carcinoid
319) Most Common type of abdominal wall hernia : Inguinal hernia
320) Most Common type of brain hernaition : anterior / uncal transtentorial
321) Most Common type of cancer to arise from a thyroglossal duct cyst : Papillary
carcinoma
322) Most Common type of cardiomyopathy : Dilated cardiomyopathy
323) Most Common type of liver abscess : Pyogenic Liver Abscess
324) Most Common type of lymphoma involving the head and neck region : Diffuse
large B-cell lymphoma
325) Most Common type of malignancy in undescended testis : Seminoma
326) Most Common type of of pituitary adenomas : Prolactinoma
327) Most Common virilizing tumor of ovary : Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor
328) Most Common Site of Squamous Cell CA in mouth : Lower Lip
329) Most Common Cause of Abruptio placenta : Pre-eclamptic Toxemia
330) Most Common Cause of 1st trimester Bleeding : Abortion
331) Most Common Cause of Ectopic Pregnancy : PID
332) Most Common Cause of post partum haemorrage is Uterine Atony
333) Most Common Cause of Maternal Death is Postpartum Bleeding
334) Most Common Indication of CS is previous CS
335) Most Common Indication of CS in primgravida is failure to progress (
Cephalopelvic / Disproportion)
336) Most Common Risk Factor of Uterine Rupture is Previous CS
337) Most Common Risk Factor of Cervical CA is HPV
338) Most common primary obstetric causes of neonatal death is preterm
delivery/birth
339) Most Common Cause of Death in Premature infants : RDS
340) Most Common Female pelvis : Gynecoid (Rarest being platy pelloid)
341) Most Common Cause of PID : Chlamydia
342) Most Common Cause Valvular / Vainal prutitis : Candida
343) Most Common Specific Anomaly in Infants of Diabetic mothers : Sacral
Agensis ( Caudal Regression Syndrome)
344) Most Common Congenital Anomaly in Infant of Diabetic mother : VSD
345) Most Common Cause of Polyhydroamnios : Idiopathic
346) Most Common Cause of Preterm Labour : Preterm
347) Most Common Cause of Oligohydroamnios : Rupture of Amniotic Membranes
(ROM)
348) Most Common Cause of Preterm Labour : Preterm Rupture of Amniotic
membranes
349) Most Common Fetal position : Left Occipito Anterior
350) Most Common form of cephalic presentation : Vertex presentation
351) Most Common Cause of 2ry Amenorrhea : Pregnancy
352) Most Common Cause of Pathological 2ry Amenorrhea : PCOs
353) Most Common Symptom of Valvular CA : Pruritis
354) Most Common Type of (Cervical / Valvular / Vaginal ) : Squamous Cell CA
355) Most Common Cause of Heavy Vaginal Bledding in Child-bearing age : Dysf.
Uterine Bleeding
356) Most Common Cause of Painful Vaginal Rash : HSV type 2
357) Best Time for DM Screening during Pregnancy : 24 – 28 weeks
358) Best Time for Group B Streptt. Screening : 35 – 37 weeks
359) Best Time for Triple Marker Screening : 15 – 20 weeks
360) Best way to Dx Endometrioses : Laproscopy
361) Best way to Dx Ectopic Pregnancy : Laproscopy
362) Best way to Dx Fibroid : Ultrasound
363) Best way to Dx Adenomysis : MRI
364) Most Dangerous Complication of IUFD : DIC
365) Most Dangerous Complication of Missed Abortion : DIC

Pediatric Commons
1. Acute Gastroenteritis = Rotavirus
2. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)= S. aureus
3. Neonatal Sepsis = group B Streptococcus, E. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes Pericarditis =
viral (coxsackie B, adenovirus, influenza, echovirus)
4. Otitis Media / sinusitis most in = first 2 years (rhinovirus, RSV most often)/ Strep Pneumonia
5. Otitis externa = Pseudomonas aeruginosa(most common cause), S. aureus(second most
common cause).
6. Osteomyelitis: °( S. aureusmost common overall, in all) ° (Pseudomonas—puncture wound)
°( More Salmonella in sickle cell (S. aureusstill most common)
7. Septic arthritis: °( Almost all S. aureus) °( Most in young children; hematogenous; LE > UE
and other parts of body)
8. Most common STD in developed countries = Chlamydia
9. Bronchiolitis = RSV
10. Croup = Parinfluenza Virus Type 1
11. Epiglottitis = Hemophilus influenza
12. Viral encephalitis = HSV
13. Viral ,meningitis = Enteroviruses
14. Bacterial Meningitis newborns = GBS/E. coli
15. Bacterial Meningitis > 2 months = S.Pneumonia
16. Bacterial Meningitis young adults = S.Pneumonia/ Neisseria meningitides
17. PNEUMONIA =
a. Viral Pneumonia
i. RSV . infants
ii. . Parainfluenza . kids
iii. Influenza virus . adults
 iv. ( Nonviral causes more common in children older than 5 years of age°
Most—M. pneumoniae, and C. pneumoniae(not trachomatis)°
S.pneumoniaemost common with focal infiltrate in children of all ages
18. Erythema infectious = Paravirus B19
19. Measles = Paramyxovirus
20. Rubella = Rubella virus
21. Roseola = HHV-6
22. Chicken box = VZD
23. Hand Foot And Mouth disease = Coxsackie A virus
24. Acute renal failure in young children = Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) (Most from E.
coli)
25. Abduminal mass = Neonate- Hydronephrosis/ <1year Neuroblastoma / > 1year Willms
tumor
26. MC brain tumor = Benign Astrocytoma( infratentorial) / Medullablastoma
27. MCC of cerebral Palsy = Intrapartum asphyxia
28. Most common Skull fracturesInjuries During Deliveries = linear Skull fracture
29. MCC of Death in Tetanus = Respiratory arrest
30. MC complication in Infectious mononucleosis(EBV kissing diz) = Splenic Hemorrhage
31. MC helminthes = Ascariasis ( MC symptoms cough , Hemoptysis)
32. MCC of Craniotabes= prematurity
33. Most common pattern of human malformation = Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)
34. Second most common pattern of human malformation = Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome)
35. Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) most common findings manifested at = puberty
36. Most common type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome =type 1
37. most common teratogen to which fetus can be exposed = Alcohol
38. most common Failure-to-thrive (FTT) is = nutritional neglect
39. most common PHYSICAL ABUSE = Bruises
40. Immersion burns most common in = infants
41. Croup most common in = winter
42. Most common laryngeal airway anomaly and is the most frequent cause of stridor in
infants and children = Laryngomalacia
43. Second most common cause of stridor = Congenital Subglottic Stenosis
44. Third most common cause of stridor = Vocal Cord Paralysis
45. most commonsite of foreign body aspiration in children age <1 year = Larynx (In children
age >1 year, think trachea or right mainstem bronchus.
46. Most common life-limiting recessive trait among whites = CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF)
47. most common cause of exocrine pancreatic deficiency in children= CF
48. most common cause of anaphylaxis seen in emergency rooms = Food allergic reactions
49. Most common reasons Anaphylaxis = In hospital—latex, antibiotics, IVIg (intravenous
immunoglobulin), radiocontrastagents (Out of hospital—food (most common is peanuts)
50. Subacute and Chronic Atopic Dermatitis Most Commonly Affects the = Flexural Surfaces of
Joints
51. Most common Selective IgA deficiency = B-cell defect
52. Chemical conjunctivitis most common in = first 24 hours of life
53. Most common primary malignant intraocular tumor = Retinoblastoma
54. Most common area of Epistaxis = anterior septum (Kiesselbach plexus) Digital trauma
(nose picking; most common)
55. Polyps Most common cause is = cystic fibrosis
56. Most common congenital heart lesion = VSD common are membranous
57. Most common cyanotic lesion = TOF
58. Most common cyanotic lesion presenting in the immediate newborn period = TOGA (More
common in infant of diabetic mother)
59. most common form of acquired heart disease worldwide = Acute Rheumatic Fever
60. Secondary HTN most common in = infants and younger children
61. most common congenital disorder associated withmalabsorption is cystic fibrosis
62. Most common anomaly causing incomplete bowel obstruction with malabsorption is =
malrotation
63. Most common cause of intestinal obstruction in neonate = HirschprungDisease
64. most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in infancy = Anal fissure
65. most common cause of OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY is = hydronephrosis (due to ureteropelvic
junction obstruction or multicystic kidney disease)
66. Most common chronic glomerular disease worldwide = IgA Nephropathy (Berger disease)
67. Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults = Membranous Glomerulopathy
68. Most common cause of chronic glomerulonephritis in older children and young adults =
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
69. Most common hereditary human kidney disease = POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE Autosomal-
Dominant Type (Adults)
70. most common form of persistent proteinuria in school-aged children and adolescents =
Orthostatic type
71. most common nephrotic syndrome seen in children is =Steroid-sensitive minimal change
disease
72. Minimal Change Disease Most common = between 2 and 6 years of age
73. Most common disorder of sexual differentiation in boys (more in preterm) = Undescended
Testes
74. Most common cause of testicular pain over 12 years old =Testicular Torsion
75. Most common cause of testicular pain 2–11 years of age = Torsion of Appendix Testes
76. Most common surgically treatable cause of subfertility in men =Varicocele
77. Most common Congenital hypothyroidism is = thyroid dysgenesis (hypoplasia, aplasia,
ectopia); no goiter
78. most common cause of Acquired hypothyroidism is = Hashimoto; thryroiditis
79. Most common cause of rickets = Vitamin D Deficiency
80. most common Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) = 21-Hydroxylase deficiency
81. Most common cause of Cushing Syndrome = Exogenesis
82. Most common cause of insulin resistance is childhood obesity = Type 2 DM
83. Most common adolescent hip disorder = Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
84. Most common genetic cause of osteoporosis = OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
85. Most common Congenital Pancytopenia = Fanconi anemia (spontaneous chromosomal
breaks)
86. most common acquired cause of bleeding disorders in children is = thrombocytopenia
87. Most common hereditary bleeding disorder = von Willebrand Disease (vWD)
 88. most common presenting sign of Hodgkin Lymphoma = Painless, firm cervical or
supraclavicular nodes ()
89. Second most frequent malignancy in children; mortality 45% = Brain tumer
90. Most common Brain tumer = Infratentorial Tumors (Classic site—cerebellum)
91. Second most common malignant abdominal tumor = Wilms Tumor
92. Most common site of Pheochromocytoma = adrenal medulla
93. most common seizure usually present within 12–24 hours after birth= Hypoxic ischemic
encephalopathy
94. Most common Complication of bacterial meningitis is = hearing loss
95. most common presentation of viral meningitis is = cerebellar ataxia and acute encephalitis.
96. Most common cause of lymphadenitis lasting >3 weeks = Bartonella (Cat-Scratch Disease)
97. Most common presentation of Cryptococcus neoformans = Pneumonia
98. Most common complication of Measles is = otitis media
99. mumps Most common in = winter/spring
100. most common complication of mumps = Meningoencephalomyelitis
101. Most common symptom of Ascariasis is = pulmonary disease—cough and blood-stained
sputum
102. most common symptoms of Enterobiasis = itching and restless sleep and no eosinophilia
103. Most frequent congenital gastrointestinal anomaly = Meckel Diverticulum
104. Minimal Change Disease = Infection is the major complication (Most frequent is
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (S. pneumoniaemost common)
105. Most frequent tumor of the optic nerve = Optic nerve glioma
106. Most TORCH infections are acquired in = first or second trimester. Most infants have IUGR
107. Congenital Syphilis = Treponemain scrapings (most accurate test) from any lesion or fluid,
serologic tests
a. Most helpful specific test is IgM-FTA-ABS
b. Treatment—penicillin
108. Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) Most do not survive in = first year
109. Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome =Pancreatic beta cell hyperplasia—excess islets →
hypoglycemia; hypoglycemia may be refractory; glucose control most important initial
management
110. Most commercial formulas are = cow-milk–based with modifications to approximate breast
milk
111. Osteosarcoma most common in = Midshaft of long bones
112. Ewings Sarcoma most common in = Metapheses of long bones
113. Most common type of cerebral Palsy = Pyramidal or spastic type
114. MCC of congenital diaphragmatic hernia = Buchdalick ( posterior )
115. MCC of bowel obstruction in first 2 years = Intussusception
116. Most common GI emergency in neonates = NEC ( Comp.Short bowel synd. And
intist.Stricture
117. Most specific sepsis screen test = neutropenia ( sensitive – I:T)
118. Most sensitive measure of volume state = HR
119. varicella infection = Most people over 18 years of age even without a reliable history of
varicella infection, will still be immune
120. Bronchiolitisalmost all children infected by age=<2 years, most severe at age 1–2 months in
winter months.
121. Umbilical Hernia most close by = 5 years
122. Aortic Stenosis Most are = bicuspid aortic valve—usually asymptomatic in children
123. Valvular disease most important complication (mitral, aortic, tricuspid) in = Acute
Rheumatic Fever
124. Most important early issue inCleft Lip and Palateis = feeding (special nipple needed)
125. Chronic Diarrhea and Malabsorption =
a.Fat
i. Most useful screening test is stool for fat (Sudan red stain)
ii. Confirm with 72-hour stool for fecal fat (gold standard for steatorrhea)
iii. Steatorrhea is most prominent with pancreatic insufficiency; all require a sweat
chloride
iv. Serum trypsinogen is also a good screen (reflects residual pancreatic function)
126. Jejunal or Ileal Atresia Most present on = the first day of life.
127. Most frequent congenital gastrointestinal anomaly = Meckel Diverticulum
128. Most important primary treatment in IgA Nephropathy (Berger disease) = is blood pressure
control.
129. Precocious Puberty=(Girls—sexual development <8 years old Boys—sexual development <9
years old)Most common etiologies:- Sporadic and familial in girls /Hamartomas in boys
130. The most serious sequelae of Kawasaki disease are = cardiac-related.( important test is 2D
echocardiogram; repeat at 2–3 weeks and, if normal, at 6–8 weeks. Also get ECG, follow
platelets.)
131. Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Most resolve within = 6 months
132. Best initial diagnostic test for Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) = chest radiograph(Best
initial treatment oxygen, Most effective treatment—intubation and exogenous surfactant
administration)
133. best testFor Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) / Meconium aspiration is = Chest x-
ray for
134. best test for Diaphragmatic hernia is = Postnatal x-ray (Best initial treatment—immediate
intubation in delivery room for known or suspected CDH, followed by surgical correction when
stable (usually days).
135. Best diagnosis for Herpes Simplex=: PCR, any body fluid (Best treatment: IV acyclovir ASAP)
136. best tool to determine patterns of growth = Growth chart is the.
137. best growth curve indicator for acute malnutrition = Weight/height <5th percentile is the
single
138. best clinical indicator for measure of under- and overweight = BMI
139. best test for CF = Sweat test
140. Best initial test for Diagnosis Orbital cellulitis = CT scan with contrast of orbits and
surrounding area
141. best test for diagnosing all cardiac congenital defects is =.Echocardiography is the
142. best test forGastroesophagealReflux Disease (GERD) = Esophageal pH monitoring
a. H2-receptor antagonist (ranitidine, cimetidine, famotidine)—first-line with overall best
safety profile
 b. Proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole)—most potent for
severe reflux and esophagitis
143. best test Pyloric Stenosis is = ultrasound
144. Testes should be descended by 4 months of age or will remain undescended; surgery best
performed at = 6 months
145. best test for Cushing Syndrome is = Dexamethasone-suppression test single
146. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)=
a. Best screen: ANA
b. Best test: anti-dsDNA (more specific for lupus; reflects disease activity)
c. AntiSmith = Specific
147. best test for Sickle Cell Anemia = Hb electrophoresis
148. Best test Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is = bone marrow aspirate → lymphoblasts
149. best initial test for all BRAIN TUMORS= Head CT scan (MRI best imaging test overall)
150. Best initial test for Wilms Tumor is =ultrasound –(Abdominal CT scan confirmatory test)
151. Most tumors can be localized by = CT scan (best initial test) and MRI
152. Best screen for Wilson Disease = serum ceruloplasmin (decreased)
153. best test For viral meningitis = PCR of CSF is the
154. Best initial diagnostic test for RDS= chest radiograph
155. first-line therapy for Allergic Rhinitis = Antihistamines
156. first-line therapy for otitis media = amoxicillin (high dose) (Alternate first-line drug or
history of penicillin allergy = azithromycin
157. first-line therapy for Sinusitis = amoxicillin (Alternative—cefuroxime axetil, cefpodoxime,
azithromycin)
158. Most useful screening test for Chronic Diarrhea and Malabsorption is = stool for fat (Sudan
red stain)
159. Initial presentation Neuroblastomaoften as = metastasis
160. Primary initial pulmonary hallmark for RSD is = hypoxemia (Most accurate diagnostic test—
L/S ratio (part of complete lung profile; lecithinto- sphingomyelin ratio)
161. Hallmark in Toxoplasmosis =hydrocephalus with generalized calcifications and
chorioretinitis
162. Hallmark in Rubella =the classic findings of cataracts, deafness, and heart defects
163. Hallmark in CMV = microcephaly with periventricular calcifications; petechiae with
thrombocytopenia
164. Hallmark in Herpes =skin vesicles, keratoconjunctivitis, acute meningoencephalitis
165. Hallmark in Syphilis =osteochondritis and periostitis; skin rash involving palms and soles and
is desquamating; snuffles (mucopurulent rhinitis)
166. Most food allergies are = egg, milk, peanuts, nuts, fish, soy, wheat, but any food may cause
a food allergy.
167. most common presenting sign for Hodgkin = Painless, firm cervical or supraclavicular nodes
Lymphoma
168. most obvious manifestation in Cerebral Palsyis = impaired ability of voluntary muscles
(rigidity and spasticity).
169. In Spinal Muscle Atrophy (SMA) Treatment is supportive; there is no curemost die in first =
2 years of life
170. MCC of limp = Trauma
171. MC joint in septic Arthritis = Hip
172. Red Current jelly = intussusception
173. Drug of choice for lead poisioning in children = Sucomir ( in adults Penicillamine )
174. Drug of choice for impetigo = penicillin
175. Adrenal Medullary Tumor . Children = Neuroblastoma (Pheochromocytoma: adults)
176. Cardiac 1ry Tumor . Child = .Rhabdomyoma . associated w/ Tuberous sclerosis
177. Cause of Death in premature = NRDS = hyaline membrane disease
178. Cause of Death in SLE pts. = . Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative) = Renal
Disease
179. Non Hodgkin.s Lymphoma =. Follicular small clear cell
180. Pt. with Hodgkin.s =. Young Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type . Female) ( Reed Strenberg
cells)
181. Pt. with Minimal Change Disease = Young Child
182. Site of Diverticula = Sigmoid Colon
183. Thyroid CA=. Papillary CA
184. Tumor of Infancy =. Benign vascular tumor = port wine stain = Hemangioma
185. Type of Hodgkin.s =. Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic
depletion, nodular sclerosis)
186. Type of Non-Hodgkin.s = Follicular, small cleaved
187. Type of Soft Tissue Tumor of Childhood = Rhabdomyosarcoma
188. Bug in Otitis Media & Sinusitis in Kids =. Strep. Pneumoniae
189. Complication of COPD =. Pulmonary infections
190. Enzyme deficiency = 21 hydroxylase - 95% of CAH
191. Hypertension children = Renal disease; cystic disease, Wilm's tumor
192. Hypopituitarism = kids Craniopharyngioma

193. MC muscle dystrophy in children = Becker.s Muscular Dystrophy (Similar to Duchenne, but
less severe
194. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy = Deficiency of dystrophin protein → MD X-linked recessive
195. Erb-Duchenne Palsy = Trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter.s Tip
196. Lesch-Nyhan = HGPRT deficiency/ Gout, retardation, self-mutilation
197. Ehler.s-Danlos = Defective collagen
198. Felty.s Syndrome = Rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly
199. Goodpasture.s = Autoimmune: ab.s to glomerular & alveolar basement membranes. Seen in
men in their 20.s
200. Guillain-Barre = Polyneuritis following viral infection/ autoimmune (ascending muscle
weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting)
201. Hashitoxicosis = Initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto.s Thyroiditis that precedes
hypothyroidism
 202. Buerger.s Disease = Acute inflammation of medium and small arteries of extremities
→ painful ischemia → gangrene Seen almost exclusively in young and middle-aged men who
smoke.
203. Berger.s Disease = IgA nephropathy causing hematuria in kids, usually following infection
204. Henoch-Schonleinpurpura = Hypersensivityvasculitis = allergic purpura. Lesions have the
same age.
1. Hemmorhagicurticaria (with fever, arthralgias, GI & renal involvement)
2. 83. Associated with upper respiratory infections
205. Kawasaki most Affect = Medium size vessels ( especially coronaries )
206. Hirschprung.s Disease = Aganglionicmegacolon
207. Rotor Syndrome = Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated) (Similar to Dubin-Johnson,
but no discoloration of the liver)
208. Horner.s Syndrome = Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often
2 to a Pancoast tumor)
209. Reye.s Syndrome =. Microvesicular fatty liver change & encephalopathy 2 to aspirin
ingestion in children following viral illness, especially VZV
210. Pancoast Tumor = Bronchogenic tumor with superior sulcus involvement → Horner.s
Syndrome
211. Raynaud.s = Disease: recurrent vasospasm in extremities = seen in young, healthy women
i. = Phenomenon: 2 to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma)
212.

MOST COMMON BRAIN TUMORS

1-Most common intracranial for site of teratomas : Pineal region.
2-Most common intramedullary spinal neoplasm in adults : Ependymoma of Spinal Cord
3- Most common intramedullary tumor in children : Astrocytoma
4- Most common intramedullary tumor of adults : Ependymoma.
5-Most common intraocular neoplasm in childhood : Retinoblastoma
6- Most common intraorbital tumors found in adults : Cavernous hemangiomas
7-most common cns neoplasam in immunosuppressed patients-primary cns lymphoma
8-mc intracranial tumor-glioma(45%)
9-mc glioma -astrocytoma(30%)
10-mc astrocytoma-glioblastoma multiforme(20%)
11-mc supratentorial tumor in child-craniopharyngioma
12-mc intracranial tumor in child-cerebellar astrocytoma(2nd mc-medulloblastoma)
13-mc infratentorial tumor in child-cerebellar astrocytoma(2nd mc-medulloblastoma)
14-mc posterior fossa tumor in childhood-cerebellar astrocytoma(2nd mc-medulloblastoma)
15-astrocytes-cerebral in location in adults and cerebellar in child
16-mc tumor in childhood-astrocytoma
17-mc astrocytoma of childhood-juvenile pilocytic
18-mc malignant tumor of childhood-mesulloblastoma
19-mc hemispheric tumors in child-gliomas
20-mc midline tumors in childrens-craniopharyngioma
21-mc tumors in 1st year of llife-supratentorial tumours eg-teratoma,choroidal plexus
22-mc tumors in 1 to 10years-infra tentorial tumors(BS,CEREBELLUM)
23-mc tumors after 10years-again supratentorial(diffuse astrocytoma)
{SO MOST BRAIN TUMORS IN CHILDREN-INFRATENTORIAL}
1- Most common cause of GERD is haital hernia.
2- Most common symptom of GERD is heartburn.
3- Most common symptom of achalasia is dysphagia.
4- Most common esophageal cancer is squamous cell cancer.
5- Most common symptom (1st symptom ) of esophageal cancer is dysphagia.
6- Most common cause of peptic ulcer is helicobacter pylori.
7- Most common complication of peptic ulcer is gastric intestinal bleeding ( melena )
8- Most common emergent complication of peptic ulcer ( that need surgery ) is perforation.
9- Most common site of gastric ulcer is lesser curvature ( incisura angularis )
10- Most common site of duodenal ulcer is pulp of duodenum ( 1st part of duodenum )
11- Most common site of gstrinoma is pancreas
12- 2nd Most common site of gastrinoma is duodenum.
13- Most sensitive diagnosis of peptic ulcer that induced helicobacter pylori is stool antigen test
14- The best drug of peptic ulcer that induced NSAID is misoprastol.
15- Most common symptom of gastric cancer in stage 3 is weight loss .
16- Most common risk factor for gastric cancer is helicobacter pylori.
17- Most common site for metastasis of gastric cancer is liver
18- Most common site for GI lymphoma is stomach
19- Most common gastric cancer is adenocarcinoma .
20- Most common hernia is inguinal hernia .
21- Most common inguinal hernia is indirect inguinal hernia.
22- Most common inguinal hernia in male is small bowel .
23- Most common inguinal hernia in female is ovarian and fallopian tubes
24- Most common hernia causes strangulate is femoral hernia.
25- Most common nerve injured during repair surgery of inguinal hernia is ileoinguinal nerve.
26- 1st site of jaundice is under the tongue .
27- Most common type of gallstone is mixed gallstone
28- 2nd Most common type of gallstone is cholesterol gallstone.
29- Most common artery injured during cholecystectomy is Rt hepatic artery
30- Most common bacteria that causes ascending cholangitis is E.coli .
31- Most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstone .
32- Most common complication of acute pancreatitis is pseudocyst.
33- Most common indication for surgery in acute pancreatitis is pseudocyst
34- Most common cause of death in acute pancreatitis is infection and sepsis .
35- Most sensitive diagnosis for cholelithasis ( gallstone ) is abdominal ultrasound .
36- Most sensitive diagnosis for choledocholithasis is MRCP .
37- Most common site of volvulus is sigmoid .
38- 2nd Most common site of volvulus is cecum .
39- Most common area that rupture in large bowel obstruction is cecum.
40- Most common site of appendix is retrocecal .
41- 2nd Most common site of appendix is retroileal .
42- 3d Most common site of appendix is pelvic
43- Most common complication of appendtsits is wound infection . ????
44- Most common area that have lymph nodes in abdomen is ileum .
45- Most common site affected in acute mesenteric ischemia is splenic flexure .
 46- Most common cause of massive painless lower GI bleeding is diverticulosis
47- Most common site of diverticulosis is sigmoid .
48- Most common cause for surgery in cronh’s disease is small bowl obstruction

O&G MOST COMMONS

1-m.c.c abortion in first trimester-------

(chromosomal abnormality( trisomy 16))
2-m.c.c abortion in 2 trimester----(cervical
incompetence)
3-fetal heart by ultrasound in (7-8)weeks
4-quicking (primigravida(18 week)--multigravida (14-16))
5-m.c known cause of reccurent abortion(antipo
spholipidi antibody)
6-1st trimester bleeding (1-abortion(m.c.c)
2-ectopic pregnancy 3-molar pregnancy )
7-cervical incompitancea)n pregnant (ultrasond) 8-non pregnant with history of 2 trimester
abortion(hysterosalpingo(gram)) a no
hysterography
9-treatment cervical incompetence --cervical
cercalage in(12-14)wk removed at (36-38)wk
10-m.c.c post-term pregnancy--(inacurate dating) 11-casues of pos-term pregnancy ---------------
----------a)fetus causes(-adrenal hypoplesia -
abscence of pitutary -anencephaly) b)maternal
causes(-obesity -primigravida -inaccurate dating
(m.c))
12-maxima amniotic fluid=800cc in 28 week start decrease after 37 week
13)m.c.c antepartum hemmorrhage-(abrauptio
placenta)
14)m.c.c abruptio placenta--(HTN(PRECLAMPSIA))
The most common complication of abruptio
placenta is(postpartum hemmorrhage) 15)m.c.c placenta previa--(previous scars after
surgery)
16)for sure diagnos placenta pevia after(28)wk
17)lower uterine segment forms from(ISTHMUS OF
UTERUS) after (28)wk
18)symptoms(apruptio)--1)painfull vaginal bleeding 2)uterine contraction 3)fetal distress
4)uterine tender globular woody tretment -
conservative if mild -delivery if sever
sympyoms(previa)-1)painless vaginal bleeding
2)no uterine contraction 3)no fetal distress 4)soft
uterine treatment (cs) in 37 bed rest if mild emergent c/s if sever
19)treatment vasa previa=Velamentous insertion
of the cord---(emergent c/s)
20)treatment placenta accreta,iccreta,percreta(c/s
+hysterectomy)
20)loss of fetal station occur in uterine rupture 21)treatment of uterine rupture 1-if small rupture
(c/s +primary repair of uterus) 2-if larg rubture(c/s
+hysterectomy)
-m.c.c of uterine rupture is (Previous
CS,Myomectomy)
-The first the MOST COMMONs ....

1. MCC of intracranial metastasis-Ca lung

2. MCC of hepatic metastasis - Bronchogenic carcinoma

3. MCC of hepatic mets from GIT = Colonic ca

4. MCC of Intrauterine Growth retardation-C/c pyelonephritis?

5. MCC of HTN in children-A/c Glomerulonephritis

6. MC complication of CSOM-MASTOIDITIS

7. Most common extacranial complication of CSOM=Mastoiditis.

8. Most common intracranial complication of CSOM=Meningitis

9. MC ovarian tumour in pregnancy- Teratoma/Dermoid cyst

10. MC joint involved in Osteo Arthritis- Knee joint

11. MCC of interstitial/atypical pneumonia- Mycoplasma

12. MC Glycogen storage disease- Gauchers disease

13. MC porphyria-Porphyria cutanea tarda.

14. MC cause of childhood nephritic syndrom-Minimalchange disease

15. MC cause of adult nephritic syndrome- FSGS

16.MC cancer-Lung cancer

17 . MC cancer in females-Breast cancer

18. MC cause of maternal deaths-Obstetric hemorrhage(PPH)

19. MC cause of Blindness in India- Cataract

20. MC site of Gastrinoma- Duodenum.

21. MC Paraneoplastic Syndrome- Hypercalcemia

22. MC paraneoplastic endocrinopathy- Cushings syndrome

23. Mc presentation of meckels diverticulum=bleeding

24. Mc s/e of radiation on heart =pericardial effusion

25. Mc. Cause of cushings disease- pituitary microadenoma

26. Mcc of primary hyperaldosteronism- b/ l cortical hyperplasia

27. Mc aldosterone producing adrenal tumour- u/l adrenal adenoma

28. Mcc of post trauma vegetative state- diffuse axonal injury

29. Mc asso anomaly with coarctation of aorta- bicuspid aortic valve

30. Mcc of vasculitis in child- henoch- schonlein purpura

31. Mc feature of aortitis on x-ray- calcified ascending aorta

32. MC intra-abdominalmalignancy in children =Neuroblastoma

33. 2nd MC intra-abdominalmalignancy in children = Wilms tumor

34. MC hepatic malignancy in children = Hepatoblastoma

35. MC soft tissue sarcoma = Rhabdomyosarcoma

36. MC site for rhabdomyosarcoma = Head and neck

37. MC Pediatric malignancy = ALL

38. 2nd MC Pediatric malignancy = Brain tumor

39. MC brain tumor in children = Astrocytoma

40. MC brain tumor in infancy =Supratentoria

41. MC brain tumor between 1-10 yrs of age = Infratentorial

42. MC brain tumor after 10 yrs of age = Supratentorial

43. MC embryonal brain tumor = Medulloblastoma

44. MC renal mass in neonates =Multicystic renal dysplasia

45. MC malignant tumor of kidney = Wilms tumor

46. MC TUMOURS IN PARTS OF MEDIASTINUM

-------anterior- thymomas
-------mid- cyst
-------posterior- neurogenic tumour
47. Mc tumour of mediastinum- neurogenic tumour
48. most malignant masses of mediastinum- lymphomas
49. MC cause of renal artery stenosis
--------Old age- atherosclerosis
--------Young(india)- Takayasu arteritis
--------Young( western world)- fibro muscular dysplasia
50. MC of eye in AIDS
1.Lesion- microvasculopathy of conjunctiva and retina
2. Infection- chorioretinitis
3. Neoplasm- kaposi sarcoma
4. Cause of chorioretinitis- CMV
5. Finding in HIV retinopathy- cotton wool spots
6. Rx of CMV retinitis- ganciclovir,foscarnet

51. MOST COMMON site in GIT Small bowel carcinoid-ILEUM

52. Ulcerative colitis,hirsprung disease- RECTUM
53. Polyps in peutz jegher syndrome,pneumatosis cystoids intestinaleJEJUNUM
54. Amoebic colitis,volvulus-SIGMOID COLON
55. Bleeding from angiodysplasia-RIGHT COLON
56. Brenners gland-1ST PART OF DUODENUM
57. MC cause of maternal death- obst haemorrhage
58. MC of isoniazid resistance- kat G gene mutation
59. MC primary lymphoma of spleen- NHL
60. MC cause of seizure in newborn-HIE
61. MC type of seizure in newborn-subtle
62. MC tumours in newborn- sacrococcygeal teratoma
63. Mc site of colonic volvulus- sigmoid
64. Most common testicular tumour
------prepuberty-- >yolksac tumour
------overall-seminoma
------in age above 50-lymphoma

65. MCC of hereditary thrombophilia- factor V leiden mutation

66. MC hereditary cause of venous thrombosis-factor V leiden mutation
67. MC hereditary blood coagulation disorder-factorV leiden mutation
68. Mc pancreatic tumour in men1- gastrinoma
69. MC complication of IUCD- Bleeding
70. Mc sites of primary for bone metastasis-
---------male-prostate>lung
----------Female-breast>lung
----------children- neuroblastoma
71. mc osteolytic mets-
----------male-lung ca
----------female-breast ca
71. mc- osteoblastic mets-
----------male-prostate
----------female-breast ca
72. Mc glomerulopathy worldwide-iga nephropathy
73. Mc cardiac tumours are secondaries
74. Mc primary neplasm of the heart - myxoma
75. Mc in infants and children- rhabdomyomas
76. MC site of sub ependymal astrocytoma-foramen of munroe
77. MC corneal dystrophy-keratoconus
78. MC anterior corneal dystrophy-Anterior basement membrane dystrophy (ABMD)
79. MC of stromal dystrophies-Lattice dystrophy is usually an autosomal dominant condition
80. MC endothelial corneal dystrophy- Fuchs Macular dystrophy of the cornea is the least common, but
most severe
81. MC phakomatosis-neurofibromatosis (NF1)
82. MC involved in vestibular schwannoma- inf. VES. > sup VEST. >COCHLEAR DIV.
83. MC site of TB lung-Apices
84. Mc injury encounter in spine injuries- flexion of spine
85. MCC of viral meningitis-enterovirus
86. MCC of sporadic viral encephalitis- HSV1/ epidemic- Arbovirus

FACTS ABOUT Immunoglobulins:

• Smallest IgIg G
• Largest IgIg M
• Heat Labile IgIg E
• Reagenic Antibody Ig E
• Earliest Antibody to be SynthesisedIg M
• Ig that crosses Placenta Ig G
• Ig with Minimum Life Ig E
• Ig that protects Surfaces Ig A
• Mainly Intravascular IgIg M
• Warm Antibodies Ig G
• Cold AntbodiesIg M
• Ig Present in Milk Ig A
sign of rupture uterus is: Abdominal pain