HAZID Methodology - 1

• Team Leader identifies a ‘Node’ to be studied.

• The Node may be the whole facility, an area of it, individual

process(es) or system(s).

• The process description of the selected node is discussed and

agreed by the team.
HAZID

• The HAZID team then systematically goes through the relevant

process guidewords.

• In each case the team analyses each guide word to determine if

the guide word is relevant to the selected Node.

• The team identifies any causes leading towards the specific guide
word situation (e.g. unignited gas release).

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 HAZID Methodology - 2
• A brainstorming exercise is used to identify all the potential
causes which could lead to a given consequence.

• The team analyses the appropriate controls (systems or

practices) that are or could be in place to prevent each cause.

• The team then determines any controls (systems or practices)

that may be recommended to be put in place to prevent each
HAZID

cause, or mitigate the effects thereof.

• During the study, the team uses a general qualitative system to

give a simple priority rating (high, medium or low)

• The risk rating is then recorded in the HAZID worksheets

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 Essential Documents

• Concept / feasibility studies

• Plot plan
• PFDs
HAZID

• Materials Safety Data sheets (MSDS)

• List of Applicable Guidewords
• Risk Matrix
• HAZID worksheets
 Guideword Selection
• Guideword lists often comprise Parameter-Guideword combinations,
e.g.

Parameter Guideword
Hydrocarbon hazards Layout Overpressure
Over/under Different composition
HAZID

temperature Ignition sources

Loss of containment Gas detection
Flammable materials Safety controls
Fire

• Using extensive generic lists is best but they should be reviewed prior
to the HAZID for applicability to the project, e.g. use of offshore-
specific guidewords.

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 Risk Matrix

Severity 1 2 3 4 5

Negligible Minor Serious Severe Catastrophic

Frequency

5 Frequent

4 Probable
HAZID

3 Occasional

2 Remote

1 Improbable

Intolerable region
Tolerable region if ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable)
Broadly acceptable region 5
 Example of a HAZID on a pipeline
HAZID

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 Example of HAZID - 1

Threat/Hazard Cause Consequence Existing safeguard

HAZID

Internal corrosion

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 Example of HAZID - 2

Threat/Hazard Cause Consequence Existing safeguard

Internal corrosion Impurities in the gas

(O2, H2S, CO2, or
chlorides)
HAZID

Impurities in the gas

(H2O)

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 Example of HAZID - 3

Threat/Hazard Cause Consequence Existing safeguard

Internal corrosion Impurities in the gas Primary – decreased wall

HAZID

(O2, H2S, CO2, or thickness

chlorides)
Secondary - weakening of
Impurities in the gas pipeline causing leakage of gas
(H2O)

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 Example of HAZID - 4

Threat/Hazard Cause Consequence Existing safeguard

Internal corrosion Impurities in the gas Primary – decreased wall Internal inspection (pigging) every 5th year
HAZID

(O2, H2S, CO2, or thickness

chlorides)
Secondary - weakening of
Impurities in the gas pipeline causing leakage of gas
(H2O)

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 Example of HAZID - 5
HAZID

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 HAZID worksheet
Guide Cause Consequence on Mitigating Hazard Index Action
Word People / Environment / Factors Required/
Assets Comments

Conseq. Freq.
HAZID

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 More resources

See the following case studies

Case 1

•
HAZID

HAZID Study for the Solids Removal and Treatment

Facilities Upgrade at the Southern Waste Water
Treatment Works, Merewent, KwaZulu-Natal

Case 2

• HAZID on an LNG bunkering station

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