APPENDIX A

Material Safety Data Sheet

CONGO RED

Chemical Information

Chemical formula. C32H22N6Na2O6S2

CAS number. 573-58-0

CI number. 22120

Synonym. Direct Red 28; 1-Naphthalensulfonic acid, 3,3' -(4,4'-

biphenylenebis(azo))bis(4-amino-, disodium salt); salt); 3,3'-[[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-

diylbis(azo)]bis[4-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid disodium salt; Congo Red

Certified

Toxicological data. ORAL (LD50): Acute: 15200 mg/kg [Rat]

Hazards Identification

Potential Acute Health Effects. Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of

eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin

contact (sensitizer).

Potential Chronic Health Effects. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for

mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. TERATOGENIC

EFFECTS: Classified POSSIBLE for human. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not

available. Repeated or prolonged exposure is not known to aggravate medical condition.

First Aid Measures

Eye Contact. Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact,

immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Cold water may be

used. Get medical attention.

Skin Contact. In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water.

Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.

Cold water may be used. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before

reuse. Get medical attention.

Serious Skin Contact. Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated

skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek medical attention.

Inhalation. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial

respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention.

Ingestion. Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical

personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Loosen tight clothing

such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention if symptoms appear.

Fire and Explosion Data

Flammability of the Product. May be combustible at high temperature.

Products of Combustion. These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2), nitrogen

oxides (NO, NO2…), sulfur oxides (SO2, SO3…). Some metallic oxides.

Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances. Slightly flammable to

flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat, of oxidizing materials. Non-

flammable in presence of shocks.

 Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances. Slightly explosive in

presence of oxidizing materials.

Fire Fighting Media and Instructions. SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical

powder. LARGE FIRE: Use water spray, fog or foam. Do not use water jet.

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards. Strong oxidizing agents can cause fire on

contact.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards. Avoid contact with oxidizing agents

(i.e. perchlorates, peroxide, permanganates, chlorates, nitrates, chlorine, bromine, and

fluorine) as a fire or explosion can occur on contact.

Accidental Release Measures

Small Spill. Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste

disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface and

dispose of according to local and regional authority requirements.

Large Spill. Use a shovel to put the material into a convenient waste disposal

container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface and allow to

evacuate through the sanitary system.

Handling and Storage

Precautions. Keep locked up. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of

ignition. Empty containers pose a fire risk, evaporate the residue under a fume hood.
Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe dust. Wear

suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory

equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the

label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing

agents, reducing agents, metals.

Storage. Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated

area. Do not store above 24°C (75.2°F).

Exposure Controls/ Personal Protection

Engineering Controls. Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other

engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. If user

operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne

contaminants below the exposure limit.

Personal Protection. Splash goggles. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an

approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.

Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill. Splash goggles. Full suit. Dust

respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self-contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoid

inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a

specialist BEFORE handling this product.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical State and Appearance. Powdered solid

Odor. Odorless
 Molecular Weight. 696.67 g/mole

Color. Red. Brownish-red. (Dark.)

pH (1% soln/water). 8.5 - 9.0 [Basic.]

Melting Point. >360°C (680°F)

Dispersion Properties. See solubility in water.

Solubility. Soluble in cold water. Very slightly soluble in acetone. Insoluble in

diethyl ether. Soluble in Ethanol. Solubility in water: 1g/30ml water

Stability and Reactivity Data

Stability. The product is stable.

Conditions of Instability. Excess heat, incompatible materials.

Incompatibility with various substances. Highly reactive with oxidizing agents.

Reactive with reducing agents, acids.

Special Remarks on Reactivity. Decomposes on exposure to acid fumes. Avoid

contact with oxidizing agents (i.e. perchlorates, peroxide, permanganates, chlorates,

nitrates, chlorine, bromine, and fluorine) as a fire or explosion can occur on contact.

Incompatible with strong acids (i.e. Hydrochloric, Sulfuric, and Nitric) and reducing

agents.

Polymerization. Will not occur.

Toxicological Information

Routes of Entry. Inhalation. Ingestion.

Toxicity to Animals. Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 15200 mg/kg [Rat].

 Chronic Effects on Humans. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for

mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. TERATOGENIC

EFFECTS: Classified POSSIBLE for human.

Other Toxic Effects on Humans. Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of

ingestion, of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer).

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans. May cause adverse

reproductive effects (fetotoxicity, female and male fertility) and birth defects

(teratogenic- developmental abnormalities) based on animal data. May affect genetic

material (mutagenic) based on animal data. No data is available from IARC, NTP, or

OSHA regarding the carcinogenicity of Congo Red. However, Congo Red is a benzidine-

based dye and benzidine has been classifies by IARC as Group 1 carcinogen.

Special Remarks on Other Toxic Effects to Humans. Acute Potential Health

Effects: Skin: May cause skin irritation. May cause allergic reaction. Eyes: Causes eye

irritation. Ingestion: May be harmful if swallowed, particularly if ingested in large

amounts. May cause gastrointestinal tract irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

May affect blood (change in clotting factors, alterations of platelets and leukocytes,

transient leukopenia, leukocytosis), behavior (somnolence), respiration (dyspnea, chronic

pulmonary edema), and the vascular system. Inhalation: May be harmful if inhaled. May

cause respiratory tract and mucous membrane irritation.

Ecological Information

Products of Biodegradation. Possibly hazardous short-term degradation products

are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise.
 Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation. The product itself and its products of

degradation are not toxic.

Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal. Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and

local environmental control regulations.

Source: http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927502

Hydrogen Peroxide 30%

Chemical Information
 Chemical formula. H2O2

CAS number. Mixture

Toxicological Data on Ingredients. Hydrogen Peroxide: ORAL (LD50): Acute:

2000 mg/kg [Mouse]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 4060 mg/kg [Rat]. 2000 mg/kg [Pig].

VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 2000 mg/m 4 hours [Rat].

Hazards Identification

Potential Acute Health Effects. Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant),

of eye contact (irritant). Hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive), of eye contact

(corrosive), of ingestion. Slightly hazardous in case of inhalation (lung sensitizer). Liquid

or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly on mucous membranes of eyes,

mouth and respiratory tract. Skin contact may produce burns. Inhalation of the spray mist

my produce severe irritation of respiratory tract, characterized by coughing, choking, or

shortness of breath. Prolonged exposure may result in skin burns and ulcerations. Over-

exposure by inhalation may cause respiratory irritation. Inflammation of the eye is

characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin inflammation is characterized by

itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.

Potential Chronic Health Effects. The substance is toxic to lungs, mucous

membranes. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs

damage.

First Aid Measures

 Eye Contact. Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact,

immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Cold water may be

used. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin Contact. In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for

at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Cover the irritated

skin with an emollient. Cold water may be used. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly

clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention immediately.

Serious Skin Contact. Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated

skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medical attention.

Inhalation. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial

respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention immediately.

Serious Inhalation. Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen

tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If breathing is difficult, administer

oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when the

inhaled material is toxic, infectious or corrosive. Seek immediate medical attention.

Ingestion. Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical

personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Loosen tight clothing

such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention if symptoms appear.

Fire and Explosion Data

Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances. Combustible materials

Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances. Slightly explosive in

presence of open flames and sparks, of heat, of organic materials, of metals, of acids.
 Fire Fighting Media and Instructions. Fire: Small fires: Use water. Do not use

dry chemicals or foams. CO2, or Halon may provide limited control. Large fires: Flood

fire area with water from a distance. Move containers from fire area if you can do it

without risk. Do not move cargo or vehicle of cargo has been exposed to heat. Fight fire

from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool

containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay

away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or

monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. / Hydrogen

peroxide, aqueous solution, with not less than 8% but less than 20% Hydrogen peroxide;

Hydrogen peroxide, aqueous solution, with not less than 20% but not more than 60%

Hydrogen peroxide (stabilized as necessary)/ [QC Reviewed] [U.S. Department of

Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition.

Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G-140]

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards. Most cellulose (wood, cotton) materials

contain enough catalyst to cause spontaneous ignition with 90% Hydrogen Peroxide.

Hydrogen Peroxide is a strong oxidizer. It is not flammable itself, but it can cause

spontaneous combustion of flammable materials and continued support of the combustion

because it liberates oxygen as it decomposes. Hydrogen peroxide mixed with magnesium

and a trace of magnesium dioxide will ignite immediately.

Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards. Soluble fuels (acetone, ethanol,

glycerol) will detonate on a mixture with peroxide over 30% concentration, the violence

increasing with concentration. Explosive with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetone,

alcohols, carboxylic acids, nitrogen containing bases, As2S3, Cl2 + KOH, FeS, FeSO4 + 2
methylpyridine + H2SO4, nitric acid, potassium permanganate, P2O5, H2Se, Alcohols +

H2SO4. Alcohols + tin chloride, Antimony trisulfide, chlorosulfonic acid, Aromatic

hydrocarbons + trifluoroacetic acid, Azelaic acid + sulfuric acid (above 45°C).

Benzenesulfonic anhydride, tert-butanol + sulfuric acid, Hydrazine, Sulfuric acid,

Sodium iodate, Tetrahydrothiophene, Thiodiglycol, Mercurous oxide, mercuric oxide,

Lead dioxide, Lead oxide, Manganese dioxide, Lead sulfide, Gallium + HCL, Ketenes +

nitric acid, Iron (II) sulfate + 2-methylpyridine + sulfuric acid, Iron (II) sulfate + nitric

acid, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (when evaporated), Vinyl acetate, trioxane, water +

oxygenated compounds (e.g.: acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acetone, ethanol, formaldehyde,

formic acid, methanol, 2-propanol, propionaldehyde), organic compounds. Beware: Many

mixtures of peroxide and organic materials may not explode upon contact. However, the

resulting combination is detonable either upon catching fire or by impact. EXPLOSION

HAZARD: SEVERE, WHEN HIGHLY CONCENTRATED OR PURE H 2O2 IS

EXPOSED TO HEAT, MECHANICAL IMPACT, OR CAUSED TO DECOMPOSE

CATALYTICALLY BY METALS & THEIR SALTS, DUSTS & ALKALIES.

ANOTHER SOURCE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE EXPLOSION IS FROM

SEALING THE MATERIAL IN STRONG CONTAINERS UNDER SUCH

CONDITIONS EVEN GRADUAL DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

TO WATER + ½ OXYGEN CAN CAUSE LARGE PRESSURES TO BUILD UP IN

THE CONTAINERS WHICH MAY BURST EXPLOSIVELY. Fire or explosion May

explode from friction, heat or contamination. These substances will accelerate burning

when involved in a fire. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Some

will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). Containers may explode when heated.
Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. / Hydrogen peroxide, aqueous solution,

stabilized, with more than 60% Hydrogen peroxide; Hydrogen peroxide, stabilized/ [QC

Reviewed] [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook.

RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G-

143]. Fire or explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.

Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from

heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite

combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated.

Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. /Hydrogen peroxide, aqueous solution, with

not less than 8% but less than 20% Hydrogen peroxide; Hydrogen peroxide, aqueous

solution, with not less than 20% but not more than 60% Hydrogen peroxide (stabilized as

necessary)/ [QC Reviewed] [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency

Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government

Printing Office, 2000, p. G-140] (Hydrogen Peroxide)

Accidental Release Measures

Small Spill. Dilute with water and mop up, or absorb with an inert dry material

and place in an appropriate waste disposal container.

Large Spill. Corrosive liquid. Oxidizing material. Stop leak if without risk.

Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material. Do not get water inside

container. Avoid contact with a combustible material (wood, paper, oil, clothing…). Keep

substance damp using water spray. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray curtain

to divert vapor drift. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if
needed. Call for assistance on disposal. Be careful that the product is not present at a

concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS with local authorities.

Handling and Storage

Precautions. Keep locked up. Keep container dry. Keep away from heat from

sources of ignition. Keep away from combustible material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe

gas/fumes/vapor/spray. Never add water to this product. In case of insufficient

ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice

immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep

away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, reducing agents, combustible

materials, organic materials, metals, acids, alkalis.

Storage. Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated

area. Separate from acids, alkalis, reducing agents and combustibles. See NFPA 43A,

Code for the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers. Do not store above 8°C (46.4°F).

Refrigerate Sensitive to light. Store in light-resistant containers. Do not store hydrogen

peroxide solutions greater than 10% in glass containers; only plastic containers should be

used for storage. Transport all corrosives in secondary containment, such as polyethylene

or other non-reactive acid/solvent bottle carrier.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Engineering Controls. Use of hydrogen peroxide should be conducted in a

properly functioning chemical fume hood whenever possible. Provide exhaust ventilation

or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their
respective threshold limit value. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are

proximal to the work-station location.

Personal Protection. Face shield. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Boots. A self-

contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoid inhalation of the product.

Chemical resistant gloves must be worn, nitrile gloves are recommended for low volume

applications. Wearing two pairs of nitrile gloves is recommended. For high volume

applications, disposable gloves are not appropriate; a heavy-duty glove is required such

as butyl rubber, Viton, or equivalent. Suggested protective clothing might not be

sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling this product.

Exposure Limits. Hydrogen Peroxide TWA:1 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United

States] TWA: 1 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] TWA: 1 (ppm) [United

Kingdom (UK)] TWA: 1.4 (mg/m3) [United Kingdom (UK)] Consult local authorities for

acceptable exposure limits.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical State and Appearance. Liquid

Odor. Odorless

Taste. Slightly acid. Bitter

Color. Clear Colorless.

Boiling Point. 108°C (226.4°F)

Melting Pont. -33°C (-27.4°F)

Specific Gravity. 1.1 (Water = 1)

Vapor Pressure. 3.1 kPa (@ 20°C)

 Vapor Density. 1.1 (Air = 1)

Dispersion Properties. See solubility in water, diethyl ether.

Solubility. Easily soluble in cold water. Soluble in diethyl ether.

Stability and Reactivity Data

Stability. The product is stable. It contains a stabilizer.

Conditions of Instability. Excess heat, incompatible materials

Incompatibility with Various Substances. Reactive with reducing agents,

combustible materials, organic materials, metals, acids, alkalis.

Corrosivity. Non-corrosive in presence of glass.

Special Remarks on Reactivity. Light sensitive. Incompatible with reducing

materials, ethers (dioxane, furfuran, tetrahydrofuran), oxidizing materials, Metals (e.g.

potassium, sodium lithium, iron, copper, brass, bronze, chromium, zinc, lead, silver,

nickel), metal oxides (e.g. cobalt oxide, iron oxide, lead oxide, lead hydroxide,

manganese oxide), metal salts (e.g. calcium permanganate, salts of iron), manganese,

asbestos, vanadium, platinum, tungsten, molybdenum, triethylamine, palladium, sodium

pyrophosphate, carboxylic acids, cyclopentadiene, formic acid, rust, ketones, sodium

carbonate, alcohols, sodium borate, aniline, mercurous chloride, rust, nitric acid, sodium

pyrophosphate, hexavalent chromium compounds, tetrahydrofuran, sodium fluoride

organic matter, potassium permanganate, urea, chlorosulfonic acid, manganese dioxide,

hydrogen selenide, charcoal, coal, sodium borate, alkalis, cyclopentadiene, glycerin,

cyanides (potassium, cyanide, sodium cyanide), nitrogen compounds. Caused to

decompose catalytically by metals (in order of decreasing effectiveness): Osmium,

Palladium, Platinum, Iridium, Gold, Silver, Manganese, Cobalt, Copper, Lead.

Concentrated hydrogen peroxide may decompose violently or explosively in contact with

iron, copper, chromium, and most other metals and their salts, and dust. (Hydrogen

Peroxide)

Polymerization. Will not occur.

Toxicological Information

Routes of Entry. Absorbed through skin. Eye contact.

Toxicity to Animals. Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 6667 mg/kg (Mouse)

(Calculated value for the mixture). Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): 6667 mg/kg (Pig)

(Calculated value for the mixture).

Chronic Effects on Humans. CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified A3

(Proven for animal.) by ACGIH [Hydrogen Peroxide]. Classified 3 (Not classifiable for

human.) by IARC [Hydrogen Peroxide]. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for

mammalian somatic cells. [Hydrogen Peroxide]. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast.

[Hydrogen Peroxide]. Contains material which may cause damage to the following

organs: blood, upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes, central nervous system (CNS).

Other Toxic Effects on Humans. Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant).

Hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive), of eye contact (corrosive), of ingestion, of

inhalation (lung corrosive).

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans. May cause cancer and may

affect genetic material based on animal data. May be tumorigenic. (Hydrogen Peroxide)
 Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans. Acute Potential Health

Effects: Skin: Causes severe skin irritation and possible burns. Absorption into skin may

affect behavior/central nervous system (tremor, ataxia, convulsions), respiration

(dyspnea, pulmonary emboli), brain. Eyes: Causes severe eye irritation, superficial

clouding, corneal edema, and may cause burns. Inhalation: Causes respiratory tract

irritation with coughing, lacrimation. May cause chemical burns to the respiratory tract.

May affect behavior/ Central nervous system (insomnia, headache, ataxia, nervous

tremors with numb extremities) and may cause ulceration of nasal tissue, and, chemical

pneumonia, unconsciousness, and possible death. At high concentrations, respiratory

effects may include acute lung damage, and delayed pulmonary edema. May affect blood.

Ingestion: Causes gastrointestinal tract irritation with nausea, vomiting, hypermotility,

and diarrhea. Causes gastrointestinal tract burns. May affect cardiovascular system and

cause vascular collapse and damage. May affect blood (change in leukocyte count,

pigmented or nucleated red blood cells). May cause difficulty in swallowing, stomach

distension and possible cerebral swelling. May affect behavior/central nervous system

(tetany, excitement). Chronic Potential Health Effects: Prolonged or repeated skin contact

may cause dermatitis. Repeated contact may also cause corneal damage. Prolonged or

repeated ingestion may affect metabolism (weight loss). Prolonged or repeated inhalation

may affect respiration, blood. (Hydrogen Peroxide)

Ecological Information

Products of Biodegradation. Possibly hazardous short/long term degradation

products are to be expected.

 Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation. The products of degradation are less

toxic than the product itself.

Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal. Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and

local environmental control regulations.

Source: http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924299

TITANIUM DIOXIDE

Chemical Information

Chemical Formula. TiO2

CAS No. 13463-67-7

Hazards Identification

Potential Acute Health Effects. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact

(irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation.

Potential Chronic Health Effects. CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: A4 (Not

classifiable for human or animal.) by ACGIH, 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC.

MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. The substance may

be toxic to lungs, upper respiratory tract. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the

substance can produce target organs damage.

First Aid Measures

 Eye Contact. Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact,

immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention

of irritation occurs.

Skin Contact. Wash with soap and water. Cover the irritated skin with an

emollient. Get medical attention if irritation develops.

Inhalation. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial

respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention.

Ingestion. Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical

personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If large quantities of

this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a

collar, tie, belt or waistband.

Fire and Explosion Data

Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances. of metals

Special Remarks on Fire Hazards. Not combustible. A violent or incandescent

reaction with metals (aluminum, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc, and

lithium) may occur at high temperature.

Accidental Release Measures

Small Spill. Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste

disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface and

dispose of according to local and regional authority requirements.

 Large Spill. Use a shovel to put the material into a convenient waste disposal

container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface and allow to

evacuate through the sanitary system. Be careful that the product is not present at a

concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.

Handling Storage

Precautions. Do not breathe dust. Wear suitable protective clothing. If you feel

unwell, seek medical attention and show the label when possible. Keep away from

incompatibles such as acids.

Storage. Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated

area.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Engineering Controls. Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other

engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. If user

operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne

contaminants below the exposure limit.

Personal Protection. Safety glasses. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an

approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.

 Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill. Splash goggles. Full suit. Dust

respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self-contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoid

inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a

specialist BEFORE handling this product.

Exposure Limits. TWA: 15 (mg/m3) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States]

Inhalation Total. TWA:4 [United Kingdom (UK)] Inhalation Respirable. TWA: 10

[United Kingdom (UK)] Inhalation Total. Consult local authorities for acceptable

exposure limits.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical State and Appearance. Solid. (Powdered solid.)

Odor. Odorless

Taste. Tasteless

Molecular Weight. 79.9 g/mole

Color. White

Boiling Point. 2750°C (4982°F)

Melting Point. 1855°C (3371°F)

Specific Gravity. 4.26 (Water = 1)

Solubility. Insoluble in cold water, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, diluted sulfuric

acid, organic solvents. Soluble in hot concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, alkali.

Stability and Reactivity Data

 Stability. The product is stable.

Conditions of Instability. Incompatible materials.

Incompatibility with Various Substances. Reactive with acids. Slightly reactive

to reactive with metals.

Corrosivity. Non-corrosive in presence of glass

Special Remarks on Reactivity. Reaction of titanium dioxide and lithium occurs

around 200°C with a flash of light; the temperature can reach 900°C. A violent or

incandescent reaction with metals (aluminum, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium,

zinc, and lithium) may occur at high temperatures.

Polymerization. Will not occur.

Toxicological Information

Routes of Entry. Inhalation. Ingestion.

Chronic Effects on Humans. CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: A4 (Not classifiable

for human or animal.) by ACGIH, 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC.

MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. May cause damage

to the following organs: lungs, upper respiratory tract.

Other Toxic Effects on Humans. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact

(irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation.

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans. Possible carcinogen

(tumorgen) based on animal data. No human data found at this time and IARC so far has

found inadequate evidence for carcinogenicity in humans.

 Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans. Acute Potential Health

Effects: Skin: Skin exposure to titanium dioxide is virtually harmless. It is reported to be

a mild irritant and may cause mechanical irritation (irritation from frictional action). It is

believed not to be absorbed through intact skin. Eyes: Dust may cause mechanical

irritation (irritation from frictional action), Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal

(digestive) tract irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. It is not absorbed following

ingestion. No hazard is expected in normal industrial use. Inhalation: Nuisance dust. May

be harmful if inhaled. Causes respiratory tract irritation. May affect respiration and blood.

Chronic Potential Health Effects: Heavy occupational dust exposures may cause chronic

rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, impaired pulmonary function, resemblance of silicosis

without any fibrosis, functional change in trachea or bronchi, chronic pulmonary edema.

Ecological Information

Products of Biodegradation. Possibly hazardous short-term degradation products

are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise.

Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation. The product itself and its products of

degradation are not toxic.

Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal. Waste must be disposed in accordance with federal, state and

local environmental control regulations.

Source: http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9925268

PORTLAND CEMENT

Cements are used in industrial installations to manufacture/formulate hydraulic

binders for building and construction work, such as ready-mixed concrete, mortars,

renders, grouts, plasters as well as precast concrete.

Hazard Identification

Potential Acute Health Effects. Causes serious eye damage. Causes skin

irritation. May cause an allergic skin reaction. May cause respiratory irritation.

Potential Chronic Health Effects. Carcinogenicity: a causal association between

cement exposure and cancer has not been established. Contact dermatitis/Sensitizing

effects: Some individuals may exhibit eczema upon exposure to wet cement caused either
by the high pH which induces irritant contact dermatitis, or by an immunological reaction

to soluble Cr (VI) which elicits allergic contact dermatitis.

First Aid Measures

Eye Contact. Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact

lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Immediately call a doctor/physician.

Do not rub eyes in order to avoid possible cornea damage as a result of mechanical stress.

Remove contact lenses if any. Incline head to injured eye, open the eyelid(s) widely and

flush eyes(s) immediately by thoroughly rinsing with plenty of clean water for at least 20

minutes to remove all particles. Avoid flushing particles into uninjured eye. If possible,

use isotonic water (0.9% NaCl). Contact a specialist of occupational medicine or an eye

specialist.

Skin Contact. Wash with plenty of soap and water. If skin irritation or rash

occurs, get medical attention. For dry cement, remove and rinse abundantly with water.

For wet cement, wash sin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing, footwear,

watches, etc. and clean thoroughly before re-using them. Seek medical attention in all

cases of irritation or burns.

Inhalation. Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable

for breathing. Move the person to fresh air. Dust in throat and nasal passages should clear

spontaneously. Contact a physician if irritation persists or later develops or if discomfort,

coughing or other symptoms persist.

 Ingestion. Do not induce vomiting. If the person is conscious, wash out mouth

with water and give plenty of water to drink. Get immediate medical attention or contact

the anti-poison center.

Handling and Storage

Precautions. Engulfment hazard: To prevent engulfment or suffocation, do not

enter a confined space, such as a silo, bin, bulk truck, or other storage container or vessel

that stores or contains cement without taking the proper security measures.

Storage. Bulk cement should be stored in silos that are waterproof, dry (i.e. with

internal condensation minimized), clean and protected from contamination. Packed

products should be stored in unopened bags clear of the ground in cool, dry conditions

and protected from excessive draught in order to avoid degradation of quality. Do not use

aluminum containers for the storage or transport of wet cement containing mixtures due

to incompatibility of the materials.

Exposure Control and Personal Protection

Engineering Controls. Measures to reduce generation of dust and to avoid dust

propagating in the environment such as dedusting, exhaust ventilation and dry clean-up

methods which do not cause airborne dispersion.

Personal Protection. Before starting to work with cement, apply a barrier crème

and reapply it at regular intervals. Immediately after working with cement or cement-

containing materials workers should wash or shower or use skin moisturizers.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical State and Appearance. Solid. (Powdered solid.)

Odor. Odorless

Color. White or Grey

Boiling Point. 1250 °C

Melting Point. 1250 °C

Stability and Reactivity Data

Stability. Dry cements are stable as long as they are properly stored and

compatible with most other building materials.

Conditions of instability. Wet cement is alkaline and incompatible with acids,

with ammonium salts, with aluminum or other non-noble metals. Cement dissolves in

hydrofluoric acid to produce corrosive silicon tetrafluoride gas. Cement reacts with water

to form silicate and calcium hydroxide.

Incompatibility with Various Substances. Acids, ammonium salts, aluminum or

other non-noble metals. Uncontrolled use of aluminum powder in wet cement should be

avoided as hydrogen is produced.

Special Remarks on Reactivity. May cause damage to products made of

aluminum or other non-noble metals.

Toxicological Information

Other Toxic Effects on Humans. Skin contact with wet cement, fresh concrete or

mortar may cause irritation, dermatitis or burns.

Ecological Information

Ecotoxicity. There is no indication of sediment phase toxicity. The addition of

large amounts of cement to water may, however, cause a rise in pH and may, therefore, be

toxic to aquatic life under certain circumstances.

Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal. Dispose of contents/container to in accordance with local

requirements. Do not dispose of into sewage systems or surface waters.

Source: http://cementas.lt/get.php?f.409