List of animals by number of neurons

This is a list of representative animals by the number of neurons in their whole nervous
system and the number of neurons in their brain (for those with a brain). These numbers are
estimates derived by multiplying the density of neurons in a particular animal by the
average volume of the animal's brain.

The whole human brain contains 86 billion neurons and roughly 16 billion neurons in the
cerebral cortex.[1][2]

Contents
Overview
Whole nervous system
Brief comparisons of number
Cerebral cortex
of whole brain neurons (top)
See also and cerebral cortex neurons
References (bottom) among five
mammals.

Overview
Neurons are the cells that transmit information in an animal's nervous system so that it can sense stimuli from its environment and
behave accordingly. Not all animals have neurons;Trichoplax and sponges lack nerve cells altogether.

Neurons may be packed to form structures such as thebrain of vertebrates or the neural ganglions of insects.

The number of neurons and their relative abundance in different parts of the brain is a determinant of neural function and,
consequently, of behavior.

Whole nervous system

All numbers for neurons but Caenorhabditis and all numbers for synapses are estimations.
 Neurons in the
brain/whole
Name Synapses Details Image Source
nervous
system

Sponge 0 [3]

Trichoplax 0 [4]

Asplanchna
brightwellii about 200 Brain only [5]
(rotifer)
Caenorhabditis
elegans 302 ~7,500 [6]
(roundworm)

Hydra
Jellyfish 5,600 vulgaris (H. [7]
attenuate)

Megaphragma [8]
7,400
mymaripenne
adult
Tripedalia
cystophora
(8 mm
diameter) –
does not [9]
Box jellyfish 8,700–17,500
include
1000
neurons in
each of the
four
rhopalia

Medicinal [10]
10,000
leech

Pond snail 11,000 [11]

Sea slug 18,000 [12]

Amphioxus 20,000 central [13]

nervous [14]
system only
 [15]

Fruit fly 250,000 < 1 ×107 [16]

Larval [17]
100,000
zebrafish

Lobster 100,000 [18]

[19]
Varies per
Ant 250,000 [20]
species

Honey bee 960,000 ~1 ×109 [21]

Cockroach 1,000,000 [22]

cells
Adult zebrafish ~10,000,000 (neurons + [23]
other)

Frog 16,000,000 [24]

Naked mole-rat 26,880,000 [25]

Smoky shrew 36,000,000 [26]

Short-tailed [26]
52,000,000
shrew

House mouse 71,000,000 ~1 ×1012 [27]

Nile crocodile 80,500,000 [28]

 Golden [27]
90,000,000
hamster

Star-nosed [26]
131,000,000
mole

Zebra finch 131,000,000 Brain only [29]

Eurasian [29]
157,000,000
blackcap

Goldcrest 164,000,000 [29]

Brown rat 200,000,000 ~4.48 ×1011 [30]

Eastern mole 204,000,000 [26]

Red junglefowl 221,000,000 [29]

Great tit 226,000,000 [29]

Green-rumped [29]
227,000,000
parrotlet

Guinea pig 240,000,000 [27]

Gray mouse [31]
254,710,000
lemur

Common [32]
261,000,000
treeshrew

Pigeon 310,000,000 Brain only [29]

Budgerigar 322,000,000 [29]

Common [29]
379,000,000
blackbird

Ferret 404,000,000 [33]

Cockatiel 453,000,000 [29]

Banded [33]
454,000,000
mongoose

Gray squirrel 453,660,000 [25]

Prairie dog 473,940,000 [25]

 Common [29]
483,000,000
starling

European [25]
494,200,000
rabbit

Octopus 500,000,000 [34]

Common [32]
636,000,000
marmoset

Eastern rosella 642,000,000 [29]

Barn owl 690,000,000 [29]

Monk parakeet 697,000,000 [29]

Azure-winged [29]
741,000,000
magpie

Cat 760,000,000 ~1 ×1013 [35]

Black-rumped [27]
857,000,000
agouti

Magpie 897,000,000 [29]

Common hill [29]

906,000,000
myna

Northern [32]
936,000,000
greater galago

Western [29]
968,000,000
jackdaw

Eurasian jay 1,085,000,000 [29]

Alexandrine [29]
1,096,000,000
parakeet

Tanimbar [29]
1,161,000,000
corella

Emu 1,335,000,000 [29]

Three-striped 1,468,000,000 [32]

night monkey
 Rook 1,509,000,000 [29]

Grey parrot 1,566,000,000 [29]

Capybara 1,600,000,000 [27]

Sulphur-
crested 2,122,000,000 [29]
cockatoo

Raccoon 2,148,000,000 [33]

Kea 2,149,000,000 [29]

Raven 2,171,000,000 Brain only [29]

Domestic pig 2,220,000,000 [36]

Dog 2,253,000,000 [33]

Springbok 2,720,000,000 [36]

 Blesbok 3,060,000,000 [36]

Blue-and- [29]
3,136,000,000 Brain only
yellow macaw

Common
squirrel 3,246,000,000 [32]
monkey

Crab-eating [31]
3,440,000,000
macaque

Tufted [32]
3,691,000,000
capuchin

Bonnet [31]
3,780,000,000
macaque

Striped hyena 3,885,000,000 [33]

Lion 4,667,000,000 [33]

Greater kudu 4,910,000,000 [36]

[32]
 Rhesus 6,376,000,000 [32]
macaque

Brown bear 9,586,000,000 [33]

Giraffe 10,750,000,000 [36]

Yellow baboon 10,950,000,000 [31]

Orangutan 32,600,000,000 [37]

Gorilla 33,400,000,000 [37]

Synapses
Human 86,000,000,000 ~1.5 ×1014 for average [38][39][40]
adult

African 257,000,000,000 [41][42]

elephant
Cerebral cortex
Non-mammals are included in this list because, although only mammals have a cerebral cortex, the pallium of reptiles and birds is
functionally similar to the mammalian cortex and is therefore also frequently referred to as "cortex".
 Neurons in the
Name cerebral Details Image Source
cortex

Mouse 4,000,000 Genus Mus, musculus [11]

Naked mole- [25]

6,150,000 H. glaber
rat

[43]
Genus Rattus, unknown
Rat 18,000,000 [44]
species

Gray mouse [31]

22,310,000 Microcebus murinus
lemur

Subfamily Erinaceinae, [43]

Hedgehog 24,000,000
unknown genus and species

Family Didelphidae, unknown [43]

Opossum 27,000,000
genus and species

ferret 39,000,000 Mustela putorius furo [33]

Guinea pig 43,510,000 Cavia porcellus [25]

Eurasian [29]
52,000,000 Sylvia atricapilla
blackcap

Prairie dog 53,770,000 Cynomys sp. [25]

Zebra finch 55,000,000 Taeniopygia guttata [29]

Red 61,000,000 Gallus gallus [29]

junglefowl
 Goldcrest 64,000,000 Regulus regulus [29]

European [25]
71,450,000 O. cuniculus
rabbit

Rock dove 72,000,000 Columba livia [29]

Eastern gray [25]

77,330,000 S. carolinensis
squirrel

Great tit 83,000,000 Parus major [29]

Green-
rumped 103,000,000 Forpus passerinus [29]
parrotlet

Banded [33]
116,000,000 Mungos mungo
mongoose

Common [29]
136,000,000 Turdus merula
blackbird

Budgerigar 149,000,000 Melopsittacus undulatus [29]

Common [29]
226,000,000 Sturnus vulgaris
starling

Felis catus or Felis silvestris [33]

Cat 250,000,000
catus

Brown bear 251,000,000 Ursus arctos [33]

 Cockatiel 258,000,000 Nymphicus hollandicus [29]

Capybara 306,500,000 Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris [25]

Genus Tarsius, unknown [45]

Tarsius 310,000,000
species

Eastern [29]
333,000,000 Platycercus eximius
rosella

Goeldi's [31]
357,130,000 Callimico goeldii
marmoset

Monk [29]
396,000,000 Myiopsitta monachus
parakeet

Springbok 396,900,000 Antidorcas marsupialis [36]

Azure-winged [29]
400,000,000 Cyanopica cyanus
magpie

Common hill [29]

410,000,000 Gracula religiosa
myna

Domesticated [46]
425,000,000 Sus scrofa
pig

Squirrel 430,000,000 Genus Saimiri, unknown [47]

monkey species
 Barn owl 437,000,000 Tyto alba [29]

Emu 439,000,000 Dromaius novaehollandiae [29]

Eurasian [29]
443,000,000 Pica pica
magpie

Raccoon 453,000,000 Procyon lotor [48]

Western [29]
492,000,000 Coloeus monedula
jackdaw

Striped hyena 495,000,000 Hyaena hyaena [33]

Eurasian jay 529,000,000 Garrulus glandarius [29]

Dog 530,000,000 Canis lupus familiaris [33]

Lion 545,000,000 Panthera leo [33]

Blesbok 570,670,000 Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi [36]

Alexandrine [29]
575,000,000 Psittacula eupatria
parakeet
 Tanimbar [29]
599,000,000 Cacatua goffiniana
corella

Gracile
Genus Cebus, unknown [47]
capuchin 650,000,000
species
monkey

Greater kudu 762,570,000 Tragelaphus strepsiceros [36]

Crab-eating [31]
800,960,000 Macaca fascicularis
macaque

Rook 820,000,000 Corvus frugilegus [29]

Grey parrot 850,000,000 Psittacus erithacus [29]

Sulphur-
crested 1,135,000,000 Cacatua galerita [29]
cockatoo

Horse 1,200,000,000 Equus ferus caballus [26]

Raven 1,200,000,000 Corvus corax [29]

Kea 1,281,000,000 Nestor notabilis [29]

 Bonnet [31]
1,660,000,000 Macaca radiata
macaque

Rhesus [49]
1,710,000,000 Macaca mulatta
macaque

Giraffe 1,730,000,000 Giraffa camelopardalis [36]

Blue and
yellow 1,900,000,000 Ara ararauna [29]
macaw

Genus Cercopithecus, [45]

Guenon 2,500,000,000
unknown species

Yellow [31]
2,880,000,000 Papio cynocephalus
baboon

African Genus Loxodonta, unknown [41]

5,600,000,000
elephant species

Harp seal 6,100,000,000 Pagophilus groenlandicus [50]

[11]
 Chimpanzee 6,200,000,000 Genus Pan, unknown species [11]

Genus Pongo, unknown [37]

Orangutan 8,900,000,000
species

Genus Gorilla, unknown [37]

Gorilla 9,100,000,000
species

False killer [26]

10,500,000,000 Pseudorca crassidens
whale

Common [51]
12,800,000,000 Balaenoptera acutorostrata
minke whale

Harbor [50]
14,900,000,000 Phocoena phocoena
porpoise

Fin whale 15,000,000,000 Balaenoptera physalus [52]

For average adult

"The human cerebral cortex,
with an average 1233 g and
16 billion neurons, is slightly
below expectations for a [38][2][53]
Human 16,000,000,000
primate brain of 1.5 kg, while
the human cerebellum, at 154
g and 69 billion neurons,
matches or even slightly
exceeds the expected"

Globicephala melas: "For the

first time, we show that a
Long-finned species of dolphin has more [54]
37,200,000,000
pilot whale neocortical neurons than any
mammal studied to date
including humans."

See also
 Lists of animals Connectome
Brain size Connectomics
Brain-to-body mass ratio Cranial capacity

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