Mathematical Methods 2019 v1.

2
Formula sheet
September 2018

181312
 Mensuration

circumference
𝐶𝐶 = 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 area of a circle 𝐴𝐴 = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2
of a circle

area of a 1
𝐴𝐴 = 𝑏𝑏ℎ area of a trapezium 𝐴𝐴 = (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)ℎ
parallelogram 2

1 total surface area

area of a triangle 𝐴𝐴 = 2 𝑏𝑏ℎ 𝑆𝑆 = 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 + 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2
of a cone

total surface area surface area

𝑆𝑆 = 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋ℎ + 2𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 𝑆𝑆 = 4𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2
of a cylinder of a sphere

1
volume of a cone 𝑉𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 ℎ volume of a cylinder 𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 ℎ

1
volume of a prism 𝑉𝑉 = 𝐴𝐴ℎ volume of a pyramid 𝑉𝑉 = 𝐴𝐴ℎ
3

4
volume of a sphere 𝑉𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 3

Sequences and series

𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑛 = 𝑡𝑡1 + (𝑛𝑛 − 1)𝑑𝑑

arithmetic sequence 𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛
𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛 = 2(2𝑡𝑡1 + (𝑛𝑛 − 1)𝑑𝑑) = 2(𝑡𝑡1 + 𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑛 )

𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑛 = 𝑡𝑡1 𝑟𝑟 (𝑛𝑛−1)

(𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛 −1)
geometric sequence 𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛 = 𝑡𝑡1 (𝑟𝑟−1)
𝑡𝑡
𝑆𝑆∞ = (1−𝑟𝑟)
1
, |𝑟𝑟| < 1

Logarithms

exponents and
𝑎𝑎 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑏𝑏 ⇔ 𝑥𝑥 = log𝑎𝑎 (𝑏𝑏)
logarithms

log𝑎𝑎 (𝑥𝑥) + log𝑎𝑎 (𝑦𝑦) = log𝑎𝑎 (𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥)

𝑥𝑥
log𝑎𝑎 (𝑥𝑥) − log𝑎𝑎 (𝑦𝑦) = log𝑎𝑎 � �
𝑦𝑦
logarithmic laws 𝑛𝑛
log𝑎𝑎 ( 𝑥𝑥 ) = 𝑛𝑛 log𝑎𝑎 (𝑥𝑥)
log𝑏𝑏 ( 𝑥𝑥)
log𝑎𝑎 ( 𝑥𝑥) =
log𝑏𝑏 ( 𝑎𝑎)

Mathematical Methods 2019 v1.2 Queensland Curriculum & Assessment Authority

Formula sheet September 2018
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 Calculus

𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛+1
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛−1 � 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑛 + 1

𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥
𝑒𝑒 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 � 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑 1 1
ln(𝑥𝑥) = � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ln(𝑥𝑥) + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥

𝑑𝑑
sin(𝑥𝑥) = cos(𝑥𝑥) � sin(𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = − cos(𝑥𝑥) + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑
cos(𝑥𝑥) = − sin(𝑥𝑥) � cos(𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = sin(𝑥𝑥) + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

If ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓�𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)� then If 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑢𝑢) and 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) then

chain rule 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓 ′ �𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)�𝑔𝑔′(𝑥𝑥) = ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

If ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) then 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

product rule (𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢) = 𝑢𝑢 + 𝑣𝑣
ℎ′ (𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)𝑔𝑔′ (𝑥𝑥) + 𝑓𝑓 ′ (𝑥𝑥)𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
If ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = then 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)
𝑑𝑑 𝑢𝑢 𝑣𝑣 − 𝑢𝑢
quotient rule 𝑓𝑓 ′ (𝑥𝑥)𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)
− 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)𝑔𝑔′(𝑥𝑥) � �= 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
ℎ′ (𝑥𝑥) = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑣𝑣 𝑣𝑣 2
(𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥))2

Trigonometry

cosine rule 𝑐𝑐 2 = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏2 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 cos(𝐶𝐶)

𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐
sine rule = =
sin(𝐴𝐴) sin(𝐵𝐵) sin(𝐶𝐶)
1
area of a triangle area = 2 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 sin(𝐴𝐴)

Pythagorean identity sin2 (𝐴𝐴) + cos2 (𝐴𝐴) = 1

Mathematical Methods 2019 v1.2 Queensland Curriculum & Assessment Authority

Formula sheet September 2018
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 Statistics
𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛
binomial theorem (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦)𝑛𝑛 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 + � � 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛−1 𝑦𝑦 + ⋯ + � � 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛−𝑟𝑟 𝑦𝑦 𝑟𝑟 + ⋯ + 𝑦𝑦 𝑛𝑛
1 𝑟𝑟
𝑛𝑛
binomial probability 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 𝑟𝑟) = � � 𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟 (1 − 𝑝𝑝)𝑛𝑛−𝑟𝑟
𝑟𝑟

mean 𝐸𝐸(𝑋𝑋) = 𝜇𝜇 = � 𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖

discrete random
variable 𝑿𝑿
variance 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉(𝑋𝑋) = � 𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖 (𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 − 𝜇𝜇)2

∞
mean 𝐸𝐸(𝑋𝑋) = 𝜇𝜇 = ∫−∞ 𝑥𝑥 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
continuous random
∞
variable 𝑿𝑿
variance 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉(𝑋𝑋) = � (𝑥𝑥 − 𝜇𝜇)2 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−∞

mean 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
binomial distribution
variance 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛(1 − 𝑝𝑝)

mean 𝑝𝑝

sample proportion
𝑝𝑝(1 − 𝑝𝑝)
standard deviation �
𝑛𝑛

approximate 𝑝𝑝̂ (1 − 𝑝𝑝̂ ) 𝑝𝑝̂ (1 − 𝑝𝑝̂ )

confidence interval �𝑝𝑝̂ − 𝑧𝑧� , 𝑝𝑝̂ + 𝑧𝑧� �
for 𝒑𝒑 𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛

general addition rule

𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∪ 𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) + 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) − 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵)
for probability

probability of
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) × 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵)
independent events

𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵)
conditional probability 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴|𝐵𝐵) =
𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵)

Mathematical Methods 2019 v1.2 Queensland Curriculum & Assessment Authority

Formula sheet September 2018
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