Attachment PDF

STRESS MANAGEMENT
A STUDY ON STRESS MANAGEMENT

IN
SUJALA PIPES PRIVATE LIMITED, NANDYAL
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Submitted by
U.MADHU LAXMANNA
(Reg. No. 0011514015)
Under the Guidance of

Mr. T.ANIL DEVA KUMAR
FACULTY MEMBER
DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

YOGI VEMANA UNIVERSITY
KADAPA-516003
2015-2017
YOGI VEMANA UNIVERSITY 1

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DECLERATION
I hereby declare that the project report titled “A STUDY ON STRESS
MANAGEMENT” is own work to the best my knowledge and my belief. It
contains no material previously published or written by another person or
substantial extent of the material has not been accepted for the award of degree or
diploma of any other institute or university.
Date:
Place:
U. MADHU LAXMANNA
(H.T. No: 0011514015)

STRESS MANAGEMENT
YOGI VEMANA UNIVERSITY, KADAPA

DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “A STUDY ON STRESS
MANAGEMENT” is a bonafide work done and submitted by U. MADHU
LAXMANNA (Reg.No-0011514015) who carried out the work under my supervision
in partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of master of Business Administration
during 2015-2017.
Mr. ANIL DEVA KUMAR DR.B. GANGAIAH

(PROJECT GUIDE) (CO-ORDINATOR)
Date: Examiners:
Place: 1.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to place on record my everlasting thanks and feeling of gratitude to
my project guide Mr. ANIL DEVA KUMAR, FACULTY MEMBER for his valuable
suggestions and inspiring guidance for completion of this project.
I would like to acknowledgement and place on record my sincere sense of regard and
gratitude to Mr. SUDHAKAR project manager of SUJALA PIPES PVT LTD. for giving me an
opportunity to carry out and guidance.
I would also express my sincere gratitude to my parents, teachers, well-wishers and friends
for their support for completion of the project.
(U. MADHU LAXMANNA)

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LIST OF TABLES
S.NO Chapter Name Page No.

)
Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION 7-24
Chapter-2 INDUSTRY 26-39

PROFILE
Chapter-3 COMPANY 41-53
PROFILE
Chapter-4 RESEARCH 55-57
METHODOLOGY&
DESIGN
Chapter-5 DATA
ANALYSIS & 59-77
INTERPRETATION
Chapter-6 Findings 79-81

Suggestions
Conclusion
Appendices
Appendix-1 QUESTIONNIRE 83-85
Appendix-2 BIBLOIGRAPHY 86

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Chapter-1
INTRODUCTION

STRESS MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
20th century has been regarded as the period of incredible change in human history.
Philosophers and scientists have been various names to this period. Peter F. Drucker has called it
“The Age of Discontinuity”, John Galbraith has called it “The Age of Future shock” and Hari
Albrecht called it “The Age of Anxiety”.
Stress has become the 21 century buzz word, from the high pervading corporate
echelons to the bassinets of teaching infants’ nurseries we find this world liberally used. Stress is
part of modern life. Various events in life cause stress, starting with the birth of a child and
enduring with the death of a dear one.
Urbanization , industrialization and the increase scale of operations in society are some
of the reasons for rising stress. It is an inevitable consequence off socioeconomic complexity and
to some extent, its stimulant as well. people experience stress as they can no longer have complete
control over what happen in their lives. The telephone goes out of order, power is shut down, water
supply is disrupted, children perform poorly at school etc, we feels frustrated and then stressed.
The word stress is derived from a Latin word “stringere”, meaning to draw tight. From
the view point of physical sciences, the phenomena of stress are evident in all materials when they
are subjected to “force, pressure, strain or strong-front”. Every material steel, rock or wood has its
own limit up to which it can withstand stress without being damaged. Similarly human beings can
tolerate certain level of stress tolerance for stress and thrive very well in the face of several
stressors in the environment. In fact, some individuals will not perform well unless they experience
a level of stress which activates and energizes then to put forth their best results.
For every individual there is an optimum level of stress under which he or she will
perform to full capacity. If the stress experience is below the optimum level, then the individual
gets bored, the motivational level of work reaches a low point and it results to careless mistakes,
forgetting to do things and thinking of things other than work during work hours and also leads to

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absenteeism which may ultimately lead to turnover. If on other hand, stress experience is above
the optimum level, it leads to many conflicts with the supervisor or leads to increase of errors, bad
decisions and the individual may experience insomonia, stomach problems, and psychosomatic
illness.
The present world is fast changing and there are lots of pressures and demands at work.
These pressures at work lead to physical disorders. Stress refers to individuals reaction to a
disturbing factor in the environment. It is an adaptive response to certain external factor or situation
or what can be called environmental stimuli as reflected in an opportunity, constraint, or demand
the outcome of which is uncertain but important. In short stress is a response to an external factor
or situation or what can be environmental stimuli as reflected in an opportunity, constraint, or an
demand the outcomes of which is uncertain but important. In short stress is a response to an
external factor that results in physical, emotional, behavioral deviations in a person.
Stress is an all pervading modern phenomenon that takes a heavy toll of human life.
Different situations and circumstances in our personal life and in our job produce stress. Those can
be divided into factors related to the organization and factors related to the person which include
his experience and personality traits. Job related factors are work overload, time pressures, poor
quality of supervision, insecure political climate, role conflict and ambiguity, difference between
company values and employee values. Person related factors are death of spouse, or of a close
friend, family problems, change to a different line of work, prolonged illness in the family, change
in social activities, eating habits, etc.,
Personality traits are ‘Type A’ personality. They are impatient, ambitious, competitive, aggressive,
and hardworking. They set high goals and demands of themselves and others. And they are
particularly prone to stress inducing anticipatory emotions such as anxiety.
CONCEPTS AND MODELS OF STRESS MANAGEMENT

‘DESSERTS’ SPELLED BACKWARDS READS
STRESSED

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STRESS is the “wear and tear” our bodies experience as we adjust to our continually
changing environment. It has physical and emotional effects on us and can create positive or
negative feelings.
As a positive influence, stress can help compel us to action. It can result in a new awareness
and an exciting new perspective. As a negative influence, I it can result in feeling of distrust,
rejection, anger and depression which in turn lead to health problems.
Stress is likely to affect all of us some time in our lives. It may cause a person to explode
in from of anxiety, anger, depression, sexual importance and a host of other psychosomatic
ailments, including ulcers, margin, headache, diabetes and heart disease.
ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF STRESS
ON SOCIETY
OON
PRESSURE ON PUBLIC
SERVICE
ON COMPANY
COMPANIES CHANGES
AND INEFFICIENCY
ON INDIVIDUAL
ILLNESS AND
BEHAVIOURAL
Stress CAN BE A KILLER. THE Japanese have an officially recognized condition called
Karsohi –death from stress caused by too much work. Stress related problems are thought to cause
half of all premature heath is US.
In the EC, some 10 million people suffer from work-related illness each year. In Norway,
work related sickness costs 10% of the Gross National problems are thought to cause half of all
premature death in US.
However, there is growing evidence about much greater prevalence of stress in Indian
working population as casual factor for all psychosomatic illnesses in general and mental disorders
in particular. Self-destruction behaviors such as smoking, intoxication, work avoidance. Failed
relationships and suicide also results.

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Stress is produced by high demands in life combined with high constraints a little support
from colleagues or family. In so adjusting to different circumstances. Stresses will help or hinder
us depending on how we react to it.
STRESS
Stress in individual is defined as any interference that disturbs p person’s healthy mental
and physical well-being. It occurs when the body is required to perform beyond its normal range
of capabilities. The results of stress are harmful to individuals, families, society and organizations,
which can suffer from “organizational stress”.
Stress has been called “the invisible disease”. It is a disease that may affect the individual,
the organization and any of the people in it, so it cannot afford to ignore it, individual, the
organization and any of the people in it, so cannot afford to ignore it.
IT’S EFFECT ON THE BODY
When the human body is placed under physical stress, it increases the production of certain
hormones, such as a adrenaline and cortisol stress, it increases the production of certain hormones,
such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones produce marked change I heart rate, blood
pressure levels, metabolism and physical activity. Although this physical reaction will help to
function more effectively under pressure for short period’s time, it can be extremely damaging to
the body in the long-term.
There are different levels of stress—from minor to moderate and moderate to severe.
1. Acute (short-lived)
2. Chronic (experienced over a long period of time).
3. Accumulative (from a variety of source over a period of time).
4. Delayed (buried internally of a period of time, resurfacing later in life)
Stress carries with it certain physical and psychological effects that occur at a level
equivalent to the type of stress and the level at which it is encountered. These physical and

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psychological effects are involuntary: meaning it is a natural uncontrollable physical and

psychological reaction to an event(s) by our mind and body.
EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL STRESSORS:
People can experience either or internal stressors.

 External stressors include adverse physical conditions (such as pain or hot or cold
temperature) or stressful psychological environments (such as poor working conditions
abusive relationships). Humans, like animals, can experience external stressors.
 Internal stressors can also be physical (infections, inflammation) or psychological. An
example of internal psychological stressors is intense worry about a harmful event that may
or may not occur. AS far as anyone can tell, internal psychological stressors are rare or
absent in most animals expect humans.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Human resource management is the most important resource of an organization in which

the people who work. It consists of those activities designed to provide. Motivate and coordinate
the human resources of an organization. To meet the challenges and competitive atmosphere of
today’s business environment, managers must recognize the potential of human resource and then
acquire, develop and retain these resources. This forms the basis of human resources management
(HRM).
Human resource management is the management of various activities that are designed to
enhance the effectiveness of the manpower in an organization in the achievements of
organizational goals. Acquiring skilled, talented and motivated employees is an important part of
human resource management.

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Human Resource Management is said as “the total knowledge, skills, creative abilities,
talents and aptitudes of an organization’s workforce, as well as he value, attitude and beliefs of the
individuals involved”. It is also regarded as human factor, human asset and human capital.
Human Resource Management forms a crucial function in organizations of all sizes.

Traditionally, HRM departments had a relatively small role to play in the organization’s overall
mission and plans. They developed staffing plans, handled complaints, determined benefits and
compensation and conducted performance appraisal programs.
Today HRM departments are playing a more strategic role in charting the course of their
firms. Changes in the environment, such as increasing costs. Changing demographics, rapid
technological changes and the need for new skills, have created a strategic need for HRM expertise.
These changes have led to the acknowledgment that human resource need careful attention and are
vital to the success of any business.
MEANING OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Human Resource Management means employing people, developing their resources,

utilizing, maintaining and compensating their services in tune with the job and organizational
requirements.
 It is a responsibility of all those who manages people as well as being a description of the
work of those who are employed as specialist. It is that part of management which is
concerned with people at work and with their relationship within an enterprise.
 Human Resource Management can be defined as managing the functions of employing,
developing and compensating human resource resulting in the creating and developing of
human relations with a view to contribute proportionately to the organizational, individual
and social goals.
Michael J. Julius defined as “the field of management which has to do with planning,organizing,
directing and controlling the functions of procuring, developing, maintaining and utilizing”.
Earnest Dale defined, as “the human resource management is the process of getting things done
through people”.

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HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROCESS
 Human resource planning: - It is the process of determining future human resource

needs relative to an organization’s strategic plan and devising the steps necessary to
meet those needs.
 Staffing: - It involves a set of activities aimed at attracting and selecting individual for
position in a way that will facilitate the achievement of organizational goals.
 Training: - It is formally defined as a planned effort to improve the performance of the
employee in his area of work. It denotes effort to increase employee skills in their jobs.
 Performance appraisal: - It compares an individual’s job performance against
standards or objectives developed for the individual’s position.
SCOPE OF HUMAN RESOURCES AT THE ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL

HUMAN RESOURCES OF
EMPLOYERS. EXPERTS OF
OTHER ORANIZATIONS ETC

CORE OF
HUMAN ORGNIZATIONL HUMAN
RESOURCES RESOURCE. HUMAN
OF THOSE  RESOURCE OF ALL  HUMAN
WHO AFFECT EMPLOYEES AT ALL LEVEL RESOURCE
THE IN AN ORAGANIZATION OF THOSE
EMPLOYEE PEOPLE
NAGATIVELY WHO
AFFECT
EMPLOYEE
POSITIVELY
STRESS RELATED TO HRM
New competition and pressures on companies to be more productive have led them to
pursue certain strategies that put their employees under stress. So this has led to encounter new
work culture. One spin- off from the rapid change occurring in the work place is the opportunity
to enjoy several different careers during the lifetime.
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Stress in a company arises because more people find themselves working at a similar level
of seniority and this can lead to greater competition. Employees are working more closely with
their colleagues than before and their roles in a team can often overlap. The success of a smooth-
running and happy team depends on co-operation. If this is not present, conflict is likely.
Motivating Staff
Meeting Staying
Deadlines MANAGER within budgets
Reporting to Adopting to
Superiors Change
DEMAND ON A MANAGER
Too many demands and too much responsibility placed on one person can result in high
stress levels.
Stress is a part of day-to-day living of every individual. The college students may
experience stress in meeting the academic demands, people on the job, business men may suffer

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stress to reach office in time and to complete the projects on time and even the house hold ladies
may experience stress in managing the home affairs and to look for the maid servant. The reasons
for the stress differ from person to person. The stress people experience should not be necessarily
treated as harmful. An optimum amount of stress can always act as an energizer or motivator and
propel people to apply the efforts and complete the work. But a high level of Stress can be a serious
threat to the personality traits of the Individual and can cause physiological and social problems.
We generally believe that the stress is caused by the external events and the dynamics of
the environment. But we need to emphasis the fact that the Stress is caused by our reaction to the
external environment. The manner in which we perceive and understand the changes or the
particular event creates same event can bring happiness and cause Stress in two different people
depending upon how they react to it. When students are asked to prepare a presentation, some may
take it to be an opportunity to reveal their talents and to improve upon their weakness while the
other students may be perturbed by it for the fear of his weakness. So, Stress is our reaction to
external events and it can be positive or negative depending upon how we react. It is the general
wear and tear of the body machine that takes place due to extra demands put on it.
Feelings We can define stress as, “Body’s not response to any demand made on it”. Stress
is not be definition synonymous with nervous tension or anxiety. On one side stress provides
means to talent and energies and pursue happiness on the other side it can also cause exhaustion
and illness both physical and psychological.
SYMPTOMS OF STRESS
As stated earlier Stress is caused by or reaction to the external events and bring about
changes in our response and our general behavior. The presence of Stress can be estimated by the
analysis of certain symptoms an individual shows. These symptoms can be divided into three
different categories. They are Feelings, Behavior and Physiology. When the individual experience
Stress, one or more of the following symptoms can be exhibited.

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 The individual becomes anxious about the outcomes and is scared. The person feels that
he has got something to loose or something wrong will take place.
 In an anxious state the person does not want to be corrected or interrupted. He looks out
for other areas where he can forget about the stress-causing event for a while. The person
becomes irritable and moody.
 During high level of Stress the individual develops a negative frame of mind and suffers
from low self-esteem. The person lose faith in his capabilities and is afraid of the failures.
The individual does not have a focused approach and is not able to concentrate and is
involved in his own plans and thoughts.
FEW DEFINITIONS
Hans Selywas one of the founding fathers of stress research. His view in 1956 was that
“stress is not necessarily something bad—it all depends on how you take it.
The stress of exhilarating, creative successful work is beneficial, while that of failure, humiliation
or infection is detrimental”.
Since then, a great deal of further research has been conducted and ideas have moved
on. Stress is now viewed as a “bad thing”. Stress is infectious. It is stressful to live and work with
people who are suffering from stress. Stress is produced by high demands in life combined with
high constraints and little support from colleagues or family.
The most commonly accepted definition of stress mainly attributed

toRichardSLazarusis that stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that
“demands exceed the person’s salaries” with a range of harmful biochemical and long term effects.
There is an intertwined instinctive stress response to unexpected events. The stress
response inside us is therefore part instinct and part to do with the way we think.
A non-specific psychological and physiological response to event which are perceived

as a threat to one’s well-being and are thus handled in effectively and stressors are basically events,
situations or changes one encounters either in his work life or his personal life”.

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COPYING STRATEGIES FORSTRESS

 INDIVIDUAL COPING STRATEGIES FOR STRESS
Exercise
Physical and mental exercise helps to reduce emotional imbalance. Physician’s advice
Walking, and other exercise in the morning. Regularly eating and sleeping habits and Yoga is
very helpful.
Knowyourself
A study should be made to find out one’s strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and
threats. A periodical analysis of these factors will provide better understanding of self and the
world around us, which helps to reduce stress.
Forecasting and preparing
Advanced thinking and for sight helps an individual to reduce risk involve in decision
making, proper allocation of resources etc.
Organize work & time
We need to separate work from home. Break the routine in the form of a small vacation or
picnic, share problems with family members and dear ones

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Developing positive attitude
A positive attitude of both life and work does reduce stress. Make positive use of stress.This
helps to develop and correct prospective and regain control over the stress causing strategies.
Accept those things, which cannot be changed.
Intra Personal process
Given (1982) suggested one systemic approach of coping with stress to make roles more
effective and develop approach competence to deal with role stress. He suggests 5 strategies to
overcome stress affliction.
1.Take a hard look at yourself
Determine where stresses originate in your life. Critically examine your own contribution
to stresses experienced by others around you, in the organization or outside it.
1. Stay Alert
To be proactive i.e., do things other than your job, which give you a sense of meaning and
satisfaction.
2. Take Risks
Growth and productivity results from taking moderate risks in various types of activities.
3. Avoid isolation
Withdrawing from others can lead to isolation and depressio0n. Keep the channels of
communication open with colleagues, friends and the family.
4. Stretch for success
Stretching for success keeps you on your toes. Making an effort with the how to achieve
your goals. Efforts and desire to overcome the obstacles are essential to tide over.
5. Overcome obsolescence
Updating your knowledge and skill to face the challenges brought about by the changing
technological environment.
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The main consequences of stress are not only influences on individual but also on family
and on the organization.
The 10 types of role stress include
1) Inter-role distance
Every employee will play more than one role in his or her individual life. So these will be
Conflict between performing those roles.
For example: A lady executive often faces the conflict between her organization role as
an executive and her familial role as a wife and a mother.
2) Role Stagnation
When an individual occupies one role for a long time and if he suddenly changes his role
then it becomes problem for him to adjust his new role. However, the new role demands the
individual to outgrow the pervious one and take charge of the new role effectively. This may
produce some stress.
3) Self-Role Distance
Employee’s self-concepts may not match with the expectations from the role. This type
of conflict may create stress but this may not be server.
4) Role Ambiguity
When an individual is not clear about the various expectations that people have from
his role, the conflict that he faces is called Role Ambiguity.

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Role Ambiguity may be in relation to the activity, responsibilities, and priorities, Norms
or general expectations.
5. Role Expectation Conflict
When there is a conflict among the persons having expectations from the role, then the
role occupant may feel stress.
6. Role Overload
When there are too many expectations from the role setters, then the role occupant
experiences Role Overload i.e., when an individual has assigned more responsibilities, then the
individual feels Role Overload.
7. Role Erosion
Role Erosion is the subjective feeling of an individual that some important role
expectations he has from the role are shared by other roles within the role set.
8. Resource Inadequacy
Resource inadequacy stress is experienced when the resources required by the role
occupant for performing the role effectively are not available such as:
 Lack of information
 Lack of people
 Lack of mateLack of finance
9. Personal Inadequacy
When a role occupant feels that he is not prepared to undertake the role effectively, he
may experience this stress.
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10. Role Isolation
In a role set, some roles may psychological closer to a person and some may not. The
gap between desired and the existing linkages will indicate the amount of role isolation.
Corporate Stress
The fact that animate human resources are as vital as the inanimate plant and machinery
for any organization is just stating the obvious. Efficiency and productivity of modern organization
largely depend on a sound and committed workforce. Thus, quality of human resources assumes
an even greater significance in the modern-day world. The WHO has predicted that by 2020
“depression is likely to spread its vicious tentacles as the second largest global factor contributing
to the increase in the number of unproductive years in an individual’s life.
Eg:-Xerox Corporation estimates portray the cost of losing one executive to stress-related illness
to be about $ 600,000. Thus, it is evident that stress is not troublesome but also expensive.
Cost of Corporate Stress
The fact that corporate stress is expensive is evident from the findings of the following
empirical survey.
 Stress-related illnesses cause losses up to 30 times the working days which are lost due to
industrial disputes [Confederation of British Industry (CBI) Report, 1992].
 Stress-related mental illness is responsible for the loss of 80million working days (CBI
Report, 1993).
 Around 287 % of problems in an employee’s family life can be attributed to job stress.
 On an average, companies spend a quarter of their after-tax profits on medical bills.
 In the US, stress-related problems are linked to half of all premature deaths,
 Almost 10% of workforce is prone to work-related stress at one point of time or the other
(Davis & Teasdale, 1994).
 Stress-related illness is responsible for an average employee being absent from the
workplace for one-and-a-half years of his/her working life.

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 As per CBI survey conducted in 1993, 60% of companies now claim to ensure that jobs
are in consonance to their personality, so that stress can be eradicated.
Causal Factors Leading to Organizational Stress
Job stress is major phenomenon that cripples organizational life. Earlier, the victims of job
stress were mostly people in their middle age: but unfortunately with complexities of modern age
and information technology revolution, stress-related disorders have begun to affect people in their
early 20s or even late teens.
Three factors have been identified to be causal factors contributing to job stress:
 Environment Stressors
 Organizational Stressors
 Individual Stressors.
Environment Stressors
Although most analyzes of job stress ignore the importance of exogenous factors and
evens, it is now increasingly becoming clear that these do have a tremendous impact. Environment
stressors include societal or technological, financial, economic, political impact, etc. Terrorism is
another potential cause of environment –include stress in the 21st Century. For instance, the
terrorist attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, opened a new dimension of
terrorism-related stress for the Americans.
Organizational Stressors
Beside potential stressors that occur outside the organization, there are a few stressors,
which are associated within the organization itself. These factors can be categorized as task, role,
interpersonal, organizational pressures, etc.

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Individual Stressors
Although an average employee works for about 50hours a week, yet the hazards, problems
that people encounter in the remaining 120 non-working hours can impact one’s job. This
encompasses factors prevalent in the employee’s personal life. Primarily, these factors range from
personal family issues to those which are inherent to an individual’s personal characteristics.
Various surveys have consistently revealed that people hold family and personal relationships dear.
Marital problems, the breaking off of a relationship, discipline troubles with children are examples
of relationship problems that tend to create stress for employees and even influence job
performance.
Organizational Strategies for Effective Stress management
The American institute of Stress estimates that work-related stress costs American business
about $ 300 ban every year in lower productivity, higher absenteeism, low turnover rate,
alcoholism, and medical costs. Today’s chronic work-related stress is not just an American
affliction.
In India, over half of the call center employees feel so stressed out by the tough working
conditions that they end up quitting.
 The Canadian institute of Health Information reports that over one-quarter of employees
in that country say they are suffering from “quite a lot” of stress.
 The Japanese Government, which tracks job-related stress every five years, has found that
the percentage of Japanese employees who feel “storing worry, anxiety or stress at work
or in daily working life” has increased from 51% in 1982 to almost two-thirds of the
population today.
 Most recently, more than 6000 UK firms paid an average 80,000 in stress-related
damages to employees.
 List of symptoms and health disorders associated with stress.

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Symptoms of Stress Health Disorders

 Headaches  Coronary heart disease
 Muscular arches  Hypertension eating disorders’
 Grinding of teeth ulcers
 Nervous tics  Diabetes
 Increased sweating  Asthma
 Rapid heart rate  Depression
 High blood pressure  Migraine headaches
 Low grade infection  Sleep disorders’ chronic fatigue
 Increase in or loss of appetite  Possibly some cancers
 Irritation, anger, hostility
 Fear, panic, anxiety
 Poor concentration
 Dizziness
 Restlessness
 Nightmares
 Insomnia
 Fatigue
 Importance

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Chapter-2
INDUSTRY PROFILE
Introduction

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Plastics have becomes synonymous with modern living. It is undoubtedly a product, which
has penetrated extensively into the common man’s life. No wonder the industry has achieved in
terms of supply of raw materials, expansion and diversification of processing capacities and
manufacturing of processing machinery and ancillary equipment.
Plastics have been subject to level not only at central, but at state, and local government
levels. These levels have affected the price of plastic of production adversely, because of their
inherent advantage in properties and versatile in adaptation and use, Plastics have come to play a
vital role in a variety of applications the world over. In our country plastics are used in making
essential consumer goods of daily use for common man such as baskets, shopping bags, water
bottles, schoolbags, Tiffin boxes tooth brushes, spectacle frames and fountain peas. They also find
applications in the fields like packaging automobiles and transportation, engineering, electronics,
telecommunications, defense, medicine, and construction, plastics are growing in importance in
agriculture and water management.
The versatile material with its superior qualities such as light weight, easy process ability,
corrosion résistance, energy conservation, on toxicity etc., may substitute to a large extent, many
conventional and costly industrial materials like wood, metal, glass, jute, leather etc., on the
automobiles, electronics, packaging, and agriculture give enough evidence of the immense utility
of plastics.
At present 80% of total requirement of raw material and almost all types of plastic
machines required for the industry and indigenously available. The present investment in all three
segment of the industry, namely production of raw materials, expansion and diversification of
processing equipment in Rs. 1,250 cores and it provides employment to more than eight lakh
people.
The government of India recognizing the importance of plastics in agriculture, appointed

on March 7th, 1981. National committee on the use of plastics in agriculture under the chairmanship
of Dr.G.V.K Rao. The committee forecast a tremendous growth of drip-irrigation through a
network of plastic pipes and tubes. In its opinion, Alerted scale adoption of irrigation would lend
to support in demand for PVC Pipes lope tubes and Polypropylene emitters. The committee has

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highlighted the importance of the use of PVC pipes resin in the manufacturer of rigid pies, flexible
pipes and sheeting, which are being used for agricultural operations to carry water for one place to
another and also linins of ponds and reservoirs tore duce sew page and most important, in drip
irrigation system.
Engineering plastics are being increasingly used for various applications in automatic,
electronics, telecommunications and other industries.
Export of plastic goods
Plastics have excellent potentialities. Our country is equipped with all kind of processing
machinery and skilled labor and undoable, and extra to boost export, finished plastics products
will yield rich divided. Today India exports plastic products to as many as 80 countries all over
the world. The exports, which were stagnant at around rest 60-70 cores per annum double to 129
craters. The Plastic industry has taken up the challenge of achieving an export target of Rs.17
cores.
Major export markets for plastic products and linoleum are Australia, Bangladesh, Canada,
Egypt, Hong Kong, Italy, Kuwait, Federal Republic of Germany, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Taiwan,
U.K., U.S.A., With view to boosting the export, the plastics and linoleum’s export promotion
council has urged the government to reduce import duty of plastic raw material, supply indigenous
raw materials at international prices, fix duty, draw backs on weighted average basis and charge
freight rate on plastic products on weights basis instead of volume basis.
Prospects
The Production of various plastics a raw materials in the country is expected to double by
the end of seventh plan, the consumption of commodity plastics including LDPE, HDPE, PP, PS
AND PVC is immense scope for the use of plastics in agriculture, electronics, automobile,

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Telecommunications and irrigation and thus, the plastic industry is on the threshold of an explosive
growth.
ROLE OF PLASTICS IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
Plastics are been perceived as just simple colorful house hold products in the minds of
common man. A dominate part of the plastics of the present and future find their utilization
in the following areas.
1. Agriculture, forestry and water management

2. Automobiles and transportation.
3. Electronics and telecommunications buildings, construction and furniture especially wood
substitutes.
4. Food processing and packaging
5. Power and gas distribution agriculture, forestry and water management
IMPORTANCE OF PVC PIPES
Main occupation in India is agriculture for the developing country like India modernization
of agriculture practices assumes pivotal place in improving the economic status and the process of
modernization include usage of high productive tools and agriculture practices.
The usage of poly vinyl chloride PVC Pipes in agriculture fields lesser water seepage which
was predominant in earlier practices with services of PVC Pipes water can be transported
efficiently with lesser losses from the place of water potential.
Present revolutionary trend in water management speaks much about drip irrigation which
is developed is real and practiced by agricultural based nations in the world tariff irrigation greatly
deals with water management techniques uses PVC pipes as core tools for implementation, PVC
pipes as core tools for implementation, PVC pipes supplemented with fittings are used in PVC
Pipes unique heat chemical and physical characters tics serve many industrial purpose
characteristic of light low price attract many more application.

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Rigid PVC pipes have been manufactured in India from the 60’s in imported extrusions
line and there after indigenous plants were also available.
They were few pipe manufactures up to 1978-79 and large production capacity was created
during 1978-83 many extrusion lines imported from butter field, Cincinnati etc.
The companies in Europe especially west Germany have stiff compensation in plastic
machinery and it is an essential need for them to carry out continuous research and development
to update technology for higher output, less energy cost per K.G, if output of quality of products.
Economic role
Agriculture is the chief occupation in India. For the developing countries like India
modernization of the agriculture practices assumes pivotal places in improving the economic status
and the process of modernization. Includes usage of higher productive plastics supplement to
greater extent manufacturing of tools required for new agricultural practices.
The usage of poly vinyl chloride pipes in agricultural fields, lesser water seepage, which
was predominant in earlier practices, with services of P.V.C pipes, water can be transported
efficiently with lesser from the place of higher potential to the place of lower water potential.
Presently the revolutionary tried in water management speaks much about drip irrigation, which
is developed in Israel and is practiced by all agricultural based nations in the world. Drip irrigation
greatly P.V.C pipes as core tools of implementation with the services of this sort, P.V.C pipes one
way or the other strengthening the hands of country’s economy.
A part with the referred P.V.C pipes supplemented with fitting is used in houses for
electrical connection and other domestic purposes. Apart from these two applications it has got
wide applications even in industrial sectors. P.V.C pipes with much unique heart, chemical and
physical characteristics serve many industrial purposes.
Even characteristics of weight and low price attract many more applications. Rigid PVC
pipes have been manufactured in India from the 60’s on imported extrusion lines and there after

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indigenous plan were few pipes manufactures up to 1979-83. When many extrusion lines were
imported from batten field, Cincinnati, kraaus-maffi etc. the Govt. allowed the imports of
sophisticated and high output plants, which were not available indigenously.
Pvc pipes in India
Pipes products have found wide acceptance in India and abroad. PVC is one of the more
versatile plastics. It can be extruded, molded, calendared and thermoformed into a multitude of
furnished products. The PVC resin can be formulated to give a wide range of properties ranging
from hand, tough materials for load bearing application lime pipes, windows and doors to flexible
materials for products a due as wire and cable insulation and shooting and flooring. PVC products
cater to both interiors and exteriors. In interiors it can be used for flooring, profile and cable tray,
wall covering modular office systems, houses and furniture. For exteriors it is used for doors and
windows, fencing partitions and paneling, roofing and rain systems.
The other external applications are in the field of irrigation, portable water supplies. In the
field of irrigation there are several methods to irrigate the fields. There are minor irrigation projects
and major irrigation projects apart from individual sources like wells, tube wells, bore wells. Major
irrigation sector small projects will have canals and lift irrigation schemes etc., will have canals
and lift irrigation schemes etc., will have pipelines. Cement and GI pipes were the pipes used in
conventional methods of irrigation. Now-a-days PVC pipes replaced the conventional pipes and
they constituted almost 90% in this respect.
Drip irrigation popular in the agricultural sector especially in the field of horticulture
commercial cropping and green ply houses. The drip irrigation concept is becoming more popular
with its advantages like highly yield, water conversion, less labor cost, less fertilizer, less past
management costs, less power costs and many more advantages. The demand for this concept is
increasing at a place of 30%-40% per annum.

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Agriculture a sunrise industry in the Indian economy is mainly dependent on the PVC pipes
for the seawater sector and pumping to their aqua ponds. They are using pipelines of four to five
kilometers of 10-16 diameters pipes.
PVC - polyvinyl chloride (vinyl)
PVC is a heavy, stiff, ductile and medium strong amorphous (transparent) material. By
adding softeners a range of softer materials can be achieved, ranging from a flexible to an almost
rubber-like elastic soft material. Softeners also help to increase the manufacturability. PVC has
brilliant resistance to acids and bases, but is affected by some solvents. Soft PVC is
exceptionally resistant to most chemicals. Tubes made of PVC have the unique ability that they
do not kink, i.e. stop the flow if bent. The poor weather resistance can be improved using
additives. PVC has good barrier properties to atmospheric gasses.
About the Indian Plastic Industry
The Plastics Industry in India has made significant achievements ever since it made a
modest but promising beginning by commencing production of Polystyrene in 1957. The
chronology of manufacture of polymers in India is summarized as under:-
• 1957-Polystyrene
• 1959-LDPE
• 1961-PVC
• 1968- HDPE
• 1978-Polypropylene
The potential Indian market has motivated Indian entrepreneurs to acquire technical
expertise, achieve high quality standards and build capacities in various facets of the booming
plastic industry. Phenomenal developments in the plastic machinery sector coupled with matching

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developments in the petrochemical sector, both of which support the plastic processing sector,
have facilitated the plastic processors to build capacities to service both the domestic market and
the markets in the overseas. The plastic processing sector comprises of over 30,000 units involved
in producing a variety of items through injection molding, blow molding, extrusion and
calendaring. The capacities built in most segments of this industry coupled with inherent
capabilities has made us capable of servicing the overseas markets.
The economic reforms launched in India since 1991, have added further fillip to the Indian
plastic industry. Joint ventures, foreign investments, easier access to technology from developed
countries etc. have opened up new vistas to further facilitate the growth of this industry
THE EARLY HISTORY OF PVC PIPES
“Many of you have expressed a curiosity about the historical development of PVC pipe.
In response to your requests, we provide you with this brief early history of PVC pipe and fittings.
PVC was discovered as early as 1835, but the first definite report of the polymerization of
vinyl chloride did not come until about 35 years later. At that time, the material was reported to be
an off-white solid that could be heated to 130 degrees C without degradation.
PVC remained a laboratory curiosity for many years, probably because of its intractable
nature. The polymer was inert to most chemicals and very tough (strong). These properties
eventually led scientists to consider PVC for applications where durability and toughness were
desirable. In 1912 the first industrial developments were initiated in Germany. Throughout the
1920’s, attempts were made to use PVC copolymers that easier to process than PVC. These early
attempts were only marginally successful.
By 1932, the first tubes made from a PVC copolymer were produced. Nearly three years
later the first PVC pipes were produced using a roll mill and hydraulic extruder. This two-step
process involved melting the PVC powder on a roll mill and rolling the sheet produced up to a
billet. The PVC could then be processed in a discontinuously working ram extruder to make pipe.

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This process was adapted from that used for celluloid and was really ill-fitted for PVC. As a result,
the products were often of dubious quality.
Never-the-less, these early PVC pipes were deemed suitable for drinking water supply
piping and waste water piping because of their chemical resistance, lack of taste or odor and
smooth interior surface. From 1936 to 1939 over 400 residences were installed with PVC drinking
water and waste pipelines in central Germany. Various test pipelines of PVC were laid in Leipzig,
Dresden, Magdeburg, Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne, Heidelberg and Wiesbaden during the period of
1936 to 1941.
The 1950’s and 1960’s were decades of dramatic advances for PVC pipe and fittings
technology. Encouraged by the results obtained from primitive pre-war PVC pipelines, several
European and American companies realized the enormous potential for PVC pipes. These
companies pursued the technology, both in formulation and processing. Systematic research and
trials were successful in the development of effective stabilizers, lubricants and processing aids,
together with processing machinery engineered specifically for PVC. During this time period, PVC
pipe began competing with traditional products in a number of major markets, such as: gas
distribution; sewer and drainage; water distribution; electrical conduit; chemical processing; and
drain, waste and vent piping.”
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is the second largest plastic commodity presently used. PVC
resin demand all over the world is estimated to be 26 million tons per year. The major demand is
seen in North America, Europe and Japan, where its consumption is about 60% of globally
consumed material.
Global PVC Industry
PVC is about 205 of total consumed, because it is tough and durable, competitive in cost
very versatile with ease of processing, which includes injecting, extrusion, blow molding,
calendaring, spread coating, and dip coating. Products manufactured with their processes can be
hard, semi soft or soft with exact desirable performance and low energy demand.

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A wide range of PVC products are manufactured using various processes mentioned above.
The range of PVC products manufactured include pipes windows profiles kitchen furniture
packaging etc. in rigid range while in soft or flexible range we have products like leather clothes,
Shoes, Films, Toys, Medical appliances like bloods bags, gloves & tubing (Electrical Cables and
Wires).
PVC is processed comparatively at high temperature to manufacture above-mentioned

wide range of products using various process and machinery. At this temperature of processing
there is possibility PVC gets decomposed. To prevent this decomposition, PVC stabilizers are used
during processing. These stabilizers are manufacturing using heavy metals like Pb, Ba, Cr, Zr, Ca
etc. some of their stabilizers can leach when in use and can cause health problems. This problems
is very serious with PVC products use for products handled by children such as toys, erasers etc.
For manufacture of flexible PVC products plasticizers are added during processing of PVC
resins. There are again a wide range of plasticizers and can be clarified in major types such as
Phthalate, Adipates, Mellitalese, Poxy, Phosphates, Citrates and Polymeric. It is estimated that
global demand for plasticizers is 4647000 MT per year. The plasticizer content in PVC product
will vary depending on flexibility of the product but can be as high as 50% of the weight of the
plastic product. Some of these plasticizers esters are considered not safe for some applications as
toys etc.; as they can leach from PVC products and can cause health problems.
Both the stabilizer and plasticizers, suite few new products are available which are safe and do not
cause weather problems.
Due to safety and health considerations PVC is facing a lot of resistance, especially from
environmentalists and in the last few years, there is the lot of controversy on use of plasticizers for
some of the applications of PVC products. In some countries DOP, which is the main plasticizers
for PVC, is banned for such applications. However suitable substitutes have been already evaluated
and are used for such critical applications.

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The other constraint for the growth of PVC is the disposal of used PVC material. The
methods adopted are incineration or burning which produce dioxin during this process and though
the product is considered most toxic and is linked to cause of cancer and damage to reproductive
system. However presently, quite a few systems have been developed where used PVC products
are request to reduce the problem of disposal.
With all such constraint from environmental concerns and as a product contributing to a
better stand and of living. The global PVC growth is about 4% while that of plasticizers is about
2% and for all plastic material it is 3.5%
Development of Indian PVC industry
The above global overview of PVC industry shows that in state of several hurdles. The
PVC Industry is still growing where factor such as population degree of industrialization, free
trade areas, appropriate legislation play an important role. Indian with a vast population next to
China where since independence of the country, a regular planning is done for industrialization
agriculture, infrastructure facilities, technical education etc. every five years the PVC industry can
be received therewith. The major plastic materials which are used have manufacturing capacity
and demand as follows:
PVC demand is about 20% of major plastic material produced in the country. However,
compared to the global picture, especially when compared to china, the development of PVC
industry is unsatisfactory. About a decade back India and China were more or less at same level.
As on today China consume about 40, 00, and 00 MT of PVC per year, its growth is 6%. The
demand for PVC is growing so fast that local production cannot meet the demand and hence there
are heavy imports.
The first plant for PVC by Calico Chemicals started somewhere in 1958, with a capacity
of 3600 TPA which was expanded to 6000 TPA shortly, but later the unit enclosed down. After
about 45 years, PVC capacity as on today is only 7, 88,000 MTA while demand for last few years,
is mostly static. For the PVC industry the major additive required is plasticizers. PVC industry
started in 1958 and the first plant for plasticizers started in 1961. During the later period, other

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units in large scale started manufacturing plasticizers such as Hardily Chemicals, Indian Organic,
Anvers & plasticizers, Shred Gigi etc. Also during this period, a number of units in small scale
sector started manufacturing, resulting in building a large capacity of about 1,50,000 TPA for
plasticizers. For manufacture of plasticizers, various types of Oxo alcohols of carbon chain length
Cto Care used. Plasticizers manufactured from there alcohol impart properties to PVC products
depending on Carbon Chain length Calcohol Butane / Iso butane are efficient for imparting
flexibility but are too volatile for shelf life Calcohol ester has properties for specific applications
due to very low volatility high heat stability, but is less demand for plasticizers, Oxo alcohol
manufacturing was started in the country. The first plant was that of NOCIL which was started
somewhere in 1968 to manufactured 2EH, butane and Iso butane. Later in 1982, Indus Nissan
started offering Iso Octane and also Iso decanal. Late Andhra Petrochemical came with total
capacity for Oxo alcohols reached approximately 93000 TPA.
The present status of PVC industry in India
From the above details, it can be seen that Indian PVC industry has slow but steady growth.
During the pre-liberalization period, there was protection to the local industries by restricting
imports and by way of high import duty to keep industries viable. This approach did help by way
of steady growth, employment generation, development of indigenous industries and treasury
receipts.
Later on from 1995 onwards, import duty on many items were gradually reduced and also
imports were made liberal. Due to these steps taken local industries started feel the competitors
and a stage reached when survival of the industries became the major policy issues for the
Government.
During this period of uncertainty for keeping industries alive, many of the plasticizers
industries in large scale, except Indo-Nippon stopped their production, and over a period many of
the small-scale units also had to close down. As the demand for plasticizers reduced Oxo alcohol
requirements were also affected. Due to this situation out of three units manufacturing Oxo
alcohols, two units are presently not operating. This situation also resulted in reducing demand for
ophthalmic anhydride and also PVC resin. In fact, Finale Industries who had planned for expansion
for 1, 30.000 MTA has kept on hold this project. IPCL had also proposed for traditional capacity
but they also are reviewing the situation before.

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The plastics are classified into major classes
1. THE THERMO PLASTICS
2. THERMO SETS
1. THE THERMO PLASTICS
The thermo plastics become sufficiently soft on the applications of heat.
2. THERMO SETS
The thermo sets on the other had become sufficiently soft only not the initial
application of heat and pressure in the world to flow, but upon further applications of heat
and pressure they are cured to hard, inert molded piece, which cannot be reoffered but
reheating.
HIGH DENSITY POLYTHYLENE
Production of HDPE in India started commences in 1968. at present is on

unit(Polyolefin Industry ltd.,) in India, production HDPE by the end of 2002 to 2003 is placed
at 1.25 lakhs tones.
LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLEN (LPDE)
Production of LDPE in INDIA started in 1959. At present there are three units manufacturing
LDPE with a total of 1.15 lakh tones.
POLYSTERENE
Poly Styrene was first manufactured in i9ndia in May 1957. The first production
commenced in 1978. A production target of 29000 tones tube is achieved by the end of 1999-
2000.
ACRYLONITRIL BUTANDIENE SYTRENE (ABS)

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The production of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) in India started in 1978. The
present total annual installment capacity of (ABC) is 5,000 tones.
POLY VNYL CHLORIDE
Production of PVC started in India in 1961 against first production PVC in the world 1927
at present there are six units manufacturing PVC resins. The present total installed capacity comes
to 1.70 lakh Tones. The production target of pvc by the by the end of 2001-2002 Is placed at 2.33
lakh tone.
CONVENTIONAL MATERIALS
We shall look at the basic data about plastic and particularly those properties which
are so fuse practical working with plastics. Plastics are man –made materials. The oldest raw
material for producing plastics is carbonaceous materials obtained from coal tar (benzene,
phenol).
Today the majority raw material are obtained from petrol chemical source and they
can be economically produced in large quantities.
Plastic have changed in our world and day –to –day they are becoming important.
They own their success whole series of advantage, which they have over conventional material
such as:
Light weight
Excellent mold ability
Attractive colors
Low energy requirements for convention
Low labor and cost of manufacturer
Low maintenance
Corrosion resistance
High strength of weight ratio

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Good insulating properties
Low insulating conductivity
P.V.C PIPES INDUSTRY-A GLANCE:
supply and demand curves determine the state of affairs industry and analysis can be based
on that, although demand for PVC pipes is increasing the surplus supply from the manufactures of
PVC pipes is increasing at greater rate, four giant manufactures, which are responsible Finolex,
Supreme and join a part from these giant manufactures many small manufactures are also operating
in the industry which makes surplus supply conditions still worse.
Tri basic lead Sulphate (T.B.L.S)
Lead Steric (L.S)
P.V.C reign.
Hydro carbon
Calcium carbonate (CaCo3)
Steric acid (SA)
Titanic dioxide
Calcium state (Cs)
Dibasic lead state (D.B.L.S)

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Chapter-3
COMPANY PROFILE
ORIGIN
Rayalaseema, economically backward area in Andhra Pradesh, was rarefied region for
industries. A dynamic entrepreneur Sri S.P.Y. Reddy who is basically a mechanical engineer
started a unit at Nandyal, which manufactures black pipes in 1977. The determination and hard
work of Sri S.P.Y Reddy helped him to overcome the problems faced by the company in the initial

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years, and with financial assistance from local commercial banks. The company could overcome
the problems of the merger and is running smoothly.
Sujala P.V.C pipe Pvt Ltd., was incorporated in the year Feb 2002. The factory is situated
at Industrial Estate, Nandyal, and Kurnool district. Sujala p.v.c Pipes Private Limited is the
manufacturing of the largest and most comprehensive range of PVC pipes in India.
Its annual production capacity is 18,000 Mts. And it is one of the leading manufacturers of
PVC pipes in south India. Pipes are sold under brand names of MONARCH, KOHINOOR, and
KRISHNA
Later the company started manufacturing of Pvc Pipes, which terminated the
manufacturing of black pipes. This resulted in the fromation of a pvt Ltd. company called
‘SUJALA P.V.C PIPE PVT LTD.” With Sri S.P.Y Reddy as the managing director.
The only major competitors to the company are sudhakar pipes, Maharaja Pipes. The only
backdrop to it is the competition from local brands. As the majority of customers belong to farmers,
they consider than quality. The company has to make aware of the company’s quality standards to
them.
SIZES
Various sizes ranging from ½ to 10 offered to customers. Even pipes with different gauges
and sizes are manufactured to suit specific conditions.

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PACKING
Packing plays less important role into the products like PVC pipes because the hallow
space inside can be utilized. For the purpose of cubic space utilization in trucks while transport,
Organization is adopting the technique like pipes in pipes.
PAYMENT PERIOD
For Sujala brand the company adopts zero credit policy and goods are not delivered unless
cash remittances are made. For Sujala and sagar brands credit is entitled up to a week. The
difference between these brands is due to brand image.
COVERAGE
At present Andhrapradesh, parts of southern states of Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Kerala

are ambit of Sujala PVC pipes pvt ltd. The company extended their sales in the below regions as
shown below.
1979 - Nandyal region (polyphone pipes)
1984-85 - Rayalaseema region (PVC pipes)
1985-86 - Telangana region
1986-87 - Karnataka and Andhrapradesh
1988-94 - Tamilnadu and Karnataka
1991-94 - Kerala
TRANSPORTATION
The transportation department of Sujala PVC pipes pvt ltd. is very admirable. This unique
strength of the organization enables the dealers to reduce inventory levels to the minimum. Thus

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dealers are also supplemented with dealers to reduce inventory levels to the minimum. Thus
dealers are also supplemented with the benefit of the lower tied-up capital in the form of inventory.
THE INFROMATION ABOUT THE COMPANY
The company is equipped with sophisticated laboratory to carry all tests to ascertain
outgoing quality level of the pipes. A Nandhi pipe has got I.S.I trademark, which speaks for itself
for the quality of the pipes. Numbers of statistical quality control techniques are applied to sustain
the quality level of the product.
Managers at the company are dynamic and are well educated. Supervisory staff or
intermediate managerial staffs are able in talking their area are not highly educated. Most of the
employees are skilled is uniqueness of workers in Sujala PVC pipes pvt ltd. There is non-
indulgence in trade union activities.

As the company is located in industrial estate of Nandyal, it is facilitated with good
communication networks, which includes telex, fax machine, and Internet. Company has also got
the support of electronic data processing.
The company’s major strength is considered to be transportation vehicles; a unique cash

outflow justifies itself by providing good reputation of the company through improved customer
service.
FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT

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Through initially the company approached the external sources for financial aid, now the
financial status of the company is the very sound and is being run only with self-finance excepting
for loans taken for hypothecation of machinery and stock from SBI Nandyal.
The Company follows cash and carry policy for Nandhi brand. The product is not delivered until
the cash is paid and financial department with the help of marketing department looks after these
transactions.
MARKETING DEPARTMENT
Marketing manager who reports to executive director, an assistant marketing manager who
reports and 20 salesmen headed by 30 sales representatives who are headed by assistant marketing
manager heads the marketing department. Marketing mix and advertising particulars of Sujala
PVC pipes pvt Ltd. shows the department’s effective management of the marketing department in
the Organization.
PERSONAL DEPARTMENT
The personal department consists the details of the executives and workers of the
organization. The organization is formed with Sri S.P.Y Reddy as the Managing director and
executive director who reports managing director. Two marketing managers, financial manager,
public relations officer and quality control officer who all reports to executive director. Other than
executives there are thousand works in the organization.
Panel consisting of managing director, executive director and managers of concerned
departments makes the recruitment and selections of persons. Apart from the attractive salaries
company provides health care facilities.
PURCHASING DEPARTMENT

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The perplexing situation i.e. conformed by the manufacturers of the PVC pipes is scarcity
of resin. Though the Govt. of India has taken various steps to improve supply conditions of PVC
resin; the Indian manufacturers could meet only 50 percent of demand and remaining 50 percent
is met from imports.
The major petrochemical companies are

 Sri ram vinyl ltd.,
 Chem.-plats ltd.,
 Reliance petrochemical ltd.
 National organic chemical industries ltd.
 Indian petrochemical industries ltd.
Process
The main raw materials are HDPE granules, pp. granules. The manufacturing for pipes
consists of mixing various resins along with coloring materials in a mixture and the prepared
material is fed to the extruder. In the extruder, the materials is heated to the required politicizing
temperature [1900 Centigrade to 2300 Centigrade] the extruded through the die hard to from the
pipe. The hot pipe coming out of the extruder is cooled in a water bath to retain the final shape.
The pipe coming out of the extruder is guided through the water bath suitable traction system. The
temperature of the water is maintained by circulating through the cooling toward and with the help
of a chilling plant. The required length of the pipe is cut with a planetary saw. The cut lengths are
titled by titling units and get corrected in the pipe rack attached to the tilting frames. Later they are
stocked separately. The company has entered into a technical has it is own processing technology.
APPLICATIONS OF UPVC PIPES

 Agriculture and irrigation schemes.

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 Rural & urban water supplies scheme.

 Tube well casing.
 Gas and oil supply lines.
 Industrial effluent disposal.
 Sewerage and drainage scheme.
 Air-condition ducting.
 Building installations.
 Industrial ducting.
GROWTH
Sujala PVC pipes pvt. Ltd. is commission with the objectives of catering to the agriculture
needs of the region. In earlier days tool used for water flow were every ineffective with high
percentage of seepage losses. To counter this has been of Sujala PVC pipes Pvt. Ltd. the manor
irritants in agriculture practices like lack of rain fall, ground water licking.
Water transport with in the fields has provided magnificent thrust to PVC pipes market.
These factors helped Sujala PVC pipes Pvt.Ltd. to record an excellent growth of sales. Well-
equipped laboratory and quality office looks after the quality. The department people are always
striving to the quality.
The companies not only improving the brand name but also it are undertaking the
competitor brands. In 1977 the company takeover the sager brand. The manufacturing plant of
sager brand was at medak district. The Sujala PVC Pipes Company not stopped with that victory;
the company takes over another main competitor’s brand Sujala in 1999, the manufacturing plant
of Sujala plant lies at Kurnool district. The threats of the old companies are turned to the
opportunities to the company by its excellent management. After the change of management the
brand image of these brands are improved. At present Sujala PVC pipes Pvt. Ltd. stands at market
leader position.

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The 7s McKinney Model
The 7s Models provide an effective framework for analyzing the organization and its
activities. In a marketing-led company they can be used to explore the extent to which the company
is working coherently towards a distinctive and motivating place in the mind of consumer.
STRATEGY
Strategy defines key actions and capability along the major dimensions of marketing
product and service development, sales and channel distribution, business systems and processes,
and management of alliances and partnership.
Sujala follows a clear strategy. The core mission and individual cornerstones of this
strategy are closely matched to an exciting growth market. Sujala is a local company with a
multiple brand and a clear mission-to create new values in quality for the customers, employees
and shareholders. Sujala strategy and business model make it ideally positioned to develop with in
the PVC pipes market, meeting the customers’ needs with improved quality that bring together the
best of Sujala people, processes and core capabilities.
SYSTEM
System refers to all processes and information flow that link the organization together. It
is the formal and informal procedures that support the strategy structure.
It includes management information systems, and capital allocation systems that govern day-to-
day activities
The company’s head office is in Hyderabad spans three floors of high-tech network and is
the operating center for network.
All of Sujala offices and warehouses across the state have been internally connected
through a LAN, WAN connectivity infrastructure is a combination of lease lines ISDN’s and
wireless. The Sujala is being used to drive critical business application such as local; day to day
freight related application as well as for E-mail Communications. Sujala network hardware

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equipment is standardized on Dell servers and laptops. Across state, the company has about 10
servers and about 200 Compaq’s brand P3 and p4 PC’s. Windows NT is the standard OS for all
the above but the company also has windows 2000 and windows XP based servers and clients
now.
Sujala has invested in a 256 Leased line to its head office, which houses the servers with
all their global applications. This link allows these applications to be offered to Sujala local
customers effectively and efficiently. At present Sujala’s Network has a star topology.
Sujala has adopted wireless platform because it supports a range of activities including
Sujala’s stock forwarding, financial accounting, and billing, MIS.
STYLE
Style refers to management style: more matter of what managers do than what they say,
how do a company’s managers spend their time? What are they focusing attention on? Symbolism
– the creation and maintenance (or sometimes deconstruction).
Of meaning is a fundamental responsibility of managers. It refers to the leadership approach of top
management and the organization overall operating approach; also the way in which the
organizations employees present themselves to the outside world, to suppliers and customers.
Sujala follows a participative management system. Sujala management conducts a general

meeting every month in which the representatives of all levels of management are participating.
Sujala insists on a policy of equal opportunity, by selecting, developing and retaining employees
on the basis of ability and qualifications for the work to be performed. This is done without
discrimination or prejudice under any circumstances. Sujala encourages the involvement of
employees in the planning and direction of their work.
SKILLS

STRESS MANAGEMENT
Skills refers to what company does best; the distinctive capabilities and competencies that
reside in the organization or the dominant attributes or capabilities that exist in the organization.
The lower level management of the organization has skills those, which are needed for
communication, computer knowledge, and industrial knowledge.
The staffs in the middle level management possess technical skills relating to machinery
control, pipe technology and production regulation. Those in the warehouse possess inventory
management skills. Apart from this non-technical skill like human resource management is also
present.
The top-level management possesses skills that uphold and develop brand image. Possess
the skills to achieve the company’s overall commitment of customers and the company budget.
SHARED VALUES
Shared value is also known as super-ordinate goals. They are the guiding concepts,
fundamental ideas around which a business is built simple, usually at abstract level, have great
meaning inside the organization even though outsiders may not see or understand them.
Mission statement
The mission statement of Sujala is as follows.

 To be the preferred supply chin partner to our customers.
 To be the recognized as the best in the world at what we do.
 To create new values in the quality for our customers, employees and
shareholders.
Vision statement
The vision Anantha statement is as follows

“Creating new values in quality by working together for you”
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STAFF
The people / human Resource management – processes used to develop managers,

socialization process, ways of shaping basic values of management cadre, ways of introducing
young recruits to the company, ways of helping to manage the careers of the employees.
Sujala staff consists of skilled employees the human resources dept. provides training to
all the employees.
The recruitment process is needed based and activity based recruitment. The company
selects only those candidates who have a formal degree with respect to engineering or quality
management or persons who have experience in those fields. The employee’s presently in the
organization have promotion based on their performance.
Selection process
Once the assessment of the application is done the applicant will be advised whether he /
she have been selected for a round interview. This will take the form of a telephone interview.
If his /her interview is a success he /she will be invited to attend one of Sujala assessment
centers where there will be further interviews together which individual and group exercises there
will be also be an opportunity to find out more about the company and to meet managers and recent
graduates.
EMERGENCE OF PVC CONCEPTS AND ITS SOCIALIZATION
Growing domestic agricultural and industrial requirements of the modern world ware in
quest for the new substance, which could serve the need and wants of the today’s man. Although

STRESS MANAGEMENT
metals wore meeting major chunk of the fabrication demands of the modern world, formability
and weight constant were real impediments. In light of this situation, the substance called plastics,
which has got all desired characteristics the modern man, was discovered. This carbonaceous with
excellent physical stability could replace most of the earlier used metals, wood etc.
Although acceptance and socialization of this new innovation was slow it had shown
encroachment into the life’s of the today’s man. Now plastics are omnipresent and serving
numerous fields. Heavily modernized communication sector, fiber equipment are only few
applications in multi various uses of the plastics.
PVC PIPES AND ITS ECONOMIC ROLE
Cheap occupation in India is agriculture. For the developing countries like, India
modernization of the agriculture practices assumes pivotal places in improving the economic status
and the process of modernization. Includes usage of high productive. Plastics supplement to greater
extent manufacturing of tools required for new agricultural practices.
The usage of polyvinyl chloride pipes in agricultural fields; lessen water seepage, which
was predominant in earlier practices, with services of P.V.C pipes, water can be transported
efficiently with lesser, from the place of higher water potential to the place of lower water potential.
Presently the revolutionary tried in water management speaks much about drip irrigation,
which is developed in Israel and is practiced by all agricultural based nations in the world. Drip
irrigation greatly used P.V.C pipes as core tools of implementation with the services of this sort,
P.V.C pipes one way or the other strengthening the hands of country’s economy.
A part with the refereed P.V.C pipes supplemented with fitting is used in houses for
electrical connection and other domestic purposes. A part from these two applications it has got
wide applications even in industrial sectors, P.V.C pipes with much unique heart, chemical and
physical characteristics serve many industrial purposes.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
Even the characteristics of weight and low price attract many more applications. Rigid PVC
PIPES have been manufactured in India from the sixties on imported extrusion lines and there after
indigenous plan were few pipes manufactures up to 1978-79 and large production capacity was
created during 1979-83.
When many extrusion lines were imported from batten Field, Cincinnati, kraaus-maffi etc.
the government allowed the imports of sophisticated and high output plants, which were not
available indigenously.
It is essential for the company to carryout continuous research and development to update
technology, for higher output, loss energy cost per kg of output, quality of products etc.
TECHNICAL DETAILS ABOUT PVC PIPES:
Ingredients
 PVC region
 D.B.L.S
 T.B.L.S
 L.S
 C.S
 STEARIC ACID
 HYDROCARBON
 CALCIUM CARBONAT
 TITANICDIOXIDE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Hot forward extrusion is employed for the manufacturing of PVC pipes resin with weighted.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
Amount of other ingredients, which are carried to the hot chambers. The high temperature
of hot chamber melts ingredients and content of the given forward transit to get allow pipes of
required dimension. As the pipes come out the heat chamber, cool the pipe immediately. Pipes of
desired length are cut with the aid of stop and power hacksaw. Production is made in various sizes
ranging from ½ to 10’’ according to usage.
REINFORCED PLASTICS
Although plastics have high strength to weight ratio, they are not as strong as metals and
deform permanently under load. It cannot be placed under extremely high or low temperature like
metals and other materials. Modern invention of glass or carbon black as reinforcing fillers have a
way for making high strength bearing plastics and they are at a times replace steel.
ALLOYS
Physical mixture of two or more polymer is termed as alloys. Physical blending of two
polymers is needed because every polymer has certain set of good properties.
Design of special products that should have specific set of properties may not be obtained
if it is made only from one polymer by blending two polymers we can get the required combination
of properties. For example polystyrene is highly amorphous and rigid but has low impact strength.
If it is blended with rubbery material, product will be of high strength, rigid.
Thus by alloying a wide range of products can be made. Although alloys are physical
mixtures of polymers, hydrogen bonds are formed between some special ionic groups with
hydrogen atom of the carbon chain. Such abound is very useful in alloy formation because it
impacts processing flexibility with and use of cross-linked products.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
Chapter-4
Research Methodology&
Design

STRESS MANAGEMENT
NEED FOR THE STUDY
Significant changes over the past years in our social behavior due to technological advances,
economic liberalization a decreased the demands and role expectations of an individual.
 Today every individual are experiencing pressure of competition in giving their best out of
his or her work.
 Usually it is the major sources of stress that lead to burn out, causing people to become
unhappy and less productive in their work. Job stress can affect health and home life as
well.
 The organization is effected by job stress in many ways like Low productivity, poor
Quality, increased absenteeism, Low Job satisfaction, poor Interpersonal communication.
Objectives of study
 To identify the nature of stress and its repercussions at Sujala PVC Pipes PVT Ltd.
 To identify the causes for stress at Sujala PVC Pipes PVT Ltd.
 To study the stress management techniques adapted by Sujala PVC Pipes PVT Ltd.
 To study the individuals coping techniques at Sujala PVC Pipes PVT Ltd.
 To suggest techniques for minimizing the organizational stress
Research Methodology
The Methodology which I used for this research according to:-
Sources of data:
The data for the study would be collected from both primary and secondary sources.
Primary data would be collected from sample of employees through schedules constructed for the
purpose. Secondary sources include reports and documents of Sujala PVC Pipes PVT Ltd. Books
and articles of the related area of the study.
The sample size will be of 120 respondents which different, strategies from the levels like
Strategic, tactical and operational. The respondents will be administered with questionnaire and
direct observation method also will be adopted for eliciting the information from the respondents.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
The dissertation is undertaken with the help of primary and secondary data. This is
conducted in my research work.
Primary Data
Primary data will be collected from the officials of the Sujala PVC Pipes PVT Ltd, which
can be incorporated in various chapters of the project undertaken.
Secondary Data
Secondary data will be collected from annual reports published by Sujala PVC Pipes PVT
Ltd, letters and documents available in the office, website and information available in various
sources. In analyzing the collected data various statistical techniques such as simple averages,
percentages have been used. The data is shown in circles, tables and curves.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design : Descriptive in nature
Research instrument : Well-structured questionnaire
Sampling frame of study : Sujala PVC PVT.LTD.
Sampling unit of study : EMPLOYEES
Population size : 500
Sample size of the study : 120
Sampling procedure : Simple random sampling
Statistical tools used to analyze study : Simple percentage method
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The study is not free from limitations since it is based on secondary data and interactions
held with officials of sujala PVC Pipes PVT Ltd.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
The study is confined to 80 samples on questionnaire of 18 questions. There are certain

limitations of the concept of empowerment. It may be cost consuming in selecting personnel,
training costs and labor costs may be high, it may result in slower or inconsistent services and poor
use of the technique of empowerment.
At the outset, Managers must also accept the fact that not all employees want to be
empowered. Many workers just work better in jobs that are clearly defined and closely supervised.
Once both employees and managers have received proper training, the next step is to give
employee’s control of the resources needed to make the improvements in their job and work
processes.
By giving employees information, resources and training and by following with

measurements and reinforcement, Human Resources can create an empowered environment. But
Empowerment should be continuous process like quality improvement and it is like a race without
a finish line. Those companies that take the first step by creating an environment conductive to
empowerment will be at the head of the pack.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
Chapter-5
Data analysis
&Interpretation
Table 1.0 Gives Stress Effect for the study period of Sujala Pvc Pipes Pvt Ltd.,
A) Stress will have an adverse effect on physical and
Psychological conditions of a person.
B) It is hurdle for effective performance.
STRESS MANAGEMENT
C) Moderate level of stress is required for effective functioning and peak performance.
Table 1.0
STRESS EFFECT OF SUJALA PIPES PVT LTD.,
ANSWER RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE
A 22 18%
B 26 22%
C 72 60%
Total 120 100
Graph 1.0.
STRESS EFFECT OF SUJALA PVC PIPES PVT LTD.,
RESPONDENT
A
B
C
INTERPRETATION
The survey revealed that 60% of the employees expressed that moderate stress is required
for effective functioning and performance about while 22% of the employees ‘opinion B’ about
stress 18% of the employees expressed ‘opinion A’ about stress effect. It is also represented in Graph
1.0.
Table 2.0 Gives Stress Frequency for the study period of Sujala Pvc Pipes Pvt Ltd.,
Table 2.0
Stress Frequency of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd.,

STRESS MANAGEMENT

Occasionally 34 28%
Sometimes 60 50%
Frequently 16 14%
Most frequently 10 8%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 2.0
Stress Frequency of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd.,
RESPONDENT
Occasionally
Sometimes
Frequently
Most frequently
INTERPRETATION:
According to data 50% of the employees sometimes feel stress, while 28% of the
employees occasionally feel stress, 14% of the employees frequently feel stress and 8% of the
employees most frequently feel stress
TABLE 3.0 Gives Stress Causes for the study period of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd

STRESS MANAGEMENT
Table 3.0
Stress Causes of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
FACTORS RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE
Job Responsibilities 55 46%
Unpleasant Working condition24 20%
Interpersonal Relationships 25 22%
Personal Matters 14 12%
TOTAL 120 100
Graph 3.0
Stress causes of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
RESPONDENT
Job Responsibilities
Unpleasant Working
condition
Interpersonal
Relationships
Personal Matters
INTERPRETATION:
Through this 46% of the employees feel Job Responsibilities were the cause for the stress,
while 22% of the employees interpersonal Relationship as cause, 20% of the employees feel
unpleasant working conditions as cause stress and 12% of the employees for Personal matter as
cause for stress.
TABLE 4.0 Gives Consequences of Stress for the study period of Sujala Pvc Pipes Pvt Ltd
Table 4.0

STRESS MANAGEMENT
Stress Consequences of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd

FACTORS RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE
DECREASECONSENTRATION COMMOITMENT 43 36%
INABILITY TO RELAX 38 32%
UNABLE TO MEET GOALS 25 20%
OTHER 14 12%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 4.0
Stress Consequences of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
RESPONDENT
DECREASECONSENTRATIO
N COMMOITMENT
INABILITY TO RELAX
UNABLE TO MEET GOALS
OTHER
INTERRPRETATION:
From the above figure 36% of the employees feel Decrease concentration,
commitment. Were the consequences for the stress, While 32% of the employees feel the
inability to Relax, 20% of the employees feel unable to meet goals and the remaining 12%
if the employees are feeling that stress may be related to other consequence.
.TABLE 5.0 Gives stress affect more for the study period of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
TABLE 5.0
Stress effect of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd

STRESS MANAGEMENT
FACTORS RESPONSDENT PERCENTAGE

Mentally 56 47%
Emotionally 45 37%
Behaviorally 19 16%
All 0 0%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 5.0
Stress effect of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
RESPONSDENT
Mentally
Emotionally
Behaviorally
All
INTERPRETATION:
The survey revealed that 47% of the employees feel that stress affects them mentally in all
ways. 37% of the employees feel that stress effects term emotionally, 16% of the Employees feel
that stress affects them behaviorally.
TABLE 6.0 Gives Job Stress Sources for the study period of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
STRESS MANAGEMENT
TABLE 6.0
Job Stress Sources of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
SOURCES RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE
Overload of work 67 56%
Working hours 43 36%
Targets 3 2%
Supervisions 7 6%
TOTAL 120 100
Graph 6.0
Job Stress Sources of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
RESPONDENT
Overload of work
Working hours
Targets
Supervisions
INTREPETATION:
Based on the data, 56% &36% of the employee’s opinion is that stress is mainly due to
overload of work and the working hours respectively. The remaining8% respondents feel that
‘stress is duet targets and moresupervision.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
TABLE 7.0 Gives level of communication for the study period of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
TABLE 7.0
Level of communication of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
ANSWER NO.OF RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
Excellent 26 22%
Good 76 63%
Average 18 15%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 7.0
Level of communication of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
NO.OF RESPONSE
Excellent
Good
Average
INTERPRETATION
According to this table 63% feel that there of Encouragement given by their peers and
superiors is good. 22% of the employee’s feel it is excellent level of encouragement 15% feel that
Encouragement given by their personal supervisors is poor.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
TABLE 8.0 Gives level of encouragement for the study period of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
TABLE 8.0
Level of encouragement of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
ANSWER RESPODENT PERENCENTAGE
Excellent 12 10%
Good 43 36%
Average 48 40%
Poor 17 14%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 8.0
Level of encouragement of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
RESPODENT
Excellent
Good
Average
Poor
INTERPRETATION
According to my survey 40% of employees are having average encouragement from peers
and superiors, 36% of employees are having good relations, 14% of employees are having good
relations and only the 10% of employees are having excellent encourage from having peers and
superiors.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
TABLE 9.0 Gives level of superior’s behavior for the study period of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
TABLE 9.0
Level of superior’s behavior of SUJALA Pipes Pvt Ltd
High 20 17%
Medium 23 19%
Low 77 64%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 9.0
Level of superior’s behavior of SUJALA Pipes Pvt Ltd
RESPONDENT
High
Medium
Low
INERPRETATION
Through this table 64% of the employees feel that superior’s behavior is not that much
effecting 19% of employees feel medium level and 17% of the employees feel low level effecting
stress .

STRESS MANAGEMENT
TABLE 10.0 Gives Intervention Techniques to Reduce the Stress for the study period of Sujala
Pipes Pvt Ltd
TABLE 10.0
Intervention Techniques of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
INTERVENTION RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE
Companywide interventions 18 15%
Redesigning Of your Jobs 28 23%
Stress management training 38 38%
None 36 30%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 10.0
Intervention Techniques of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
RESPONDENT
Companywide
interventions
Redesigning Of your Jobs
Stress management
training
None
INTERPRETATION
The survey reveals that 32% of employees are suggested improved, communication is the
best intervention technique to reduce the stress, 23% of employees are redesigning of the job and
30% of employees respond as none, 32% of employee’s stress management training.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
TABLE 11.0 Gives Serious Problems Because Of Work Stress for the study period of Sujala Pipes
Pvt Ltd
TABLE 11.0
Serious Problems Because Of Work Stress of SUJALA Pipes Pvt Ltd
RESPONSE NO.OF RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
YES 7 6%
NO 113 94%
No responds 0 0%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 11.0
Serious Problem Because of Work Stress of SUJALA Pipes Pvt Ltd
NO.OF RESPONSE
YES
NO
No responds
INTERPRETATION:
According to this data 94% of the employees never faced accidents due to stress. While
6% of the employees faced accidents due to stress.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
TABLE 12.0 Gives Attended Any Seminars/Training Programs/Workshops for Reducing Stress
for the study period of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
TABLE 12.0
Attended Any Seminars/Training Programs/Workshops for Reducing Stress of Sujala
Pipes Pvt Ltd
YES 14 12%
NO 106 88%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 12.0
Attended Any Seminars/Training Programs/Workshops for Reducing Stress of Sujala Pipes
Pvt Ltd
YES
RESPONDENT
PERCENTAGE
INTERPRETATION:
According to this data 88% of the employees never attended any seminars/training 12% of
the employees attended any seminars/ training, programs, working shops for reducing stress.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
TABLE 13.0 Gives helping of peers to reducing Stress for the study period of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
Table 13.0
Helping of peers to reducing Stress of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
YES 120 100%
NO 0 0
No responds 0 0%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 13.0
Helping of peers to reducing Stress of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
RESPONDENT
YES
NO
No responds
INTERPRETATION:
According to my survey 100% of the employees feel that after attending seminars/training
programs /workshops their job stress reduced and 0% of the employees job stress didn’t reduced/
TABLE 14.0 Gives Need of Seminars/Training Programs/Workshops for Reducing Stress for the
study period of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
TABLE 14.0

STRESS MANAGEMENT
Need of Seminars/Training Programs/Workshops for reducing Stress of Sujala Pipes Pvt

Ltd
OPTIONS RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE
YES 98 82%
NO 12 10%
NO RESPONSE 10 8%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 14.0
Need of Seminars/Training Programs/Workshops for reducing Stress Pipes Pvt Ltd
RESPONDENT
YES
NO
NO RESPONSE
INTERPRETATION:
Through this table 82% of employees feel that there is a need for seminars/training
programs / workshops for reducing stress be organized by the management. While 10% of the
employees feel no need and 8% of employees feel no responses feedback.
TABLE 15.0 Gives Conducting recreation/refreshment programs for Reducing Stress for the study
period of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
TABLE 15.0
Conducting recreation/refreshment programs for Reducing Stress of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd

STRESS MANAGEMENT
OPIONS RESPONDENT PERCENTAGES

YES 38 32%
NO 74 62%
NO RESPONSE 8 06%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 15.0
Conducing recreation/refreshment Programs for Reducing Stress of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
OPIONS
YES
NO
NO RESPONSE
INTERPRETATION:
The survey reveals that 62% of the employees feel that they do not have any recreation
/replacement programs so that 32% of employees feel they have recreation/ refreshment programs
while 06% of the employees did not responded.
TABLE 16.0 gives need for stress management assistance programs from the organization for the
study period of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd

STRESS MANAGEMENT
TABLE 16.0
Need for stress management assistance programs of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
OPTIONS RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE
YES 94 78%
NO 16 14%
NO RESPONSE 10 08%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 16.0
Need for stress management assistance programs of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
RESPONDENT
YES
NO
NO RESPONSE
INTERPRETATION:
From the data 78% of the employees feel that there is a need for organization and 14% of
employees feel that there is no need for tit, while 8% of the employees feel did not responded
TABLE 17.0 gives when company given un expedetly large projects after tense of employee for
the study period of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
TABLE 17.0
When company given unexpedetly large projects after tense of employee of Sujala Pipes
Pvt Ltd

STRESS MANAGEMENT
OPTIONS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Feel Tense 50 42%
No Tense 20 17%
Lot of Tense 40 33%
No such type of situation 10 8%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 17.0
When company given unexpedetly large projects after tense of employee of Sujala Pipes
Pvt Ltd
RESPONDENTS
Feel Tense
No Tense
Lot of Tense
No such type of situation
INTERPRETATION:
Through this table 42% of the employees feel tense, 17% of the employees feel no tense,
33% of the employees have the lot of tense, 8% of the employees not have the type of tense.
TABLE 18.0 gives them spending time with their family or not for the study period of Sujala Pipes
Pvt Ltd
TABLE 18.0

STRESS MANAGEMENT
They have any time to spend with their family of Sujala Pipes Pvt Ltd
OPTIONS RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
YES 100 83%
NO 20 17%
TOTAL 120 100%
Graph 18.0
They have any time to spend with their family of Sujal Pipes Pvt Ltd
YES
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
INTERPRETATION:
According to my survey 83% of the employees spend with family at weekends, 17% of the
employees not spend with family at weekends.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
Chapter-6
Findings, Suggestions&
Conclusion

STRESS MANAGEMENT
FINDINGS
1. 58% said that the stress management is relevant to jobs, 15% respondents said that the
stress management is not relevant to jobs and 27% respondents said that the stress
management partially relevant to jobs.
2. The causes of stress are 12% of the respondents feel the stress because of health problems,
8% feel about surroundings, 17% of the employee’s feel of family problems, 13% is
unhappy with job, 32% says because of life cycle and 18% of employees feel about over
time duty.
3. The employees deal with stress by giving flexibility (32%), self-confidence (26%), and
creativity (22%), ability to learn (20%).
4. To overcome the stress by copying the strategies of ‘physical fitness exercises’ and ‘yoga’.
5. The analysis indicated that ‘Decreased Concentration, commitment’, ‘ liability to Relax’
& ‘ Unable to meet goals’ were the consequences of stress on them and Health Problems,
‘Frustration & angry were the moderate consequences of stress on them.
6. The major stress causing dimensions are ‘Job responsibilities’, ‘Unpleasant-working

conditions’ & ‘Interpersonal relationships.
7. The analysis indicated that ‘Decreased Concentration, commitment’, ‘ liability to Relax’
& ‘ Unable to meet goals’ were the consequences of stress on them and Health Problems,
‘Frustration & angry were the moderate consequences of stress on them.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
8. On average stress is affecting employees personally in all aspects Mentally, Emotionally

& Behaviorally.
9. The study reveals that the major sources for their job stress were Work Overload, Role
Ambiguity, Feeling stagnant in role & Resource inadequacy...
10. The majority of employees coping strategies are ‘spending time with dear one’, ’Listening
Music’, ’Physical fitness Exercises’ & ‘yoga’.
11. The majority of employees expressed that they do not have Recreation & refreshment
programs to relax in between working hours.
12. Majority of employees feel that there is a need for stress management assistance programs
from organization.
13. Through this 46% of the employees feel Job Responsibilities were the cause for the stress,
while 22% of the employees interpersonal Relationship as cause, 20% of the employees
feel unpleasant working conditions as cause stress and 12% of the employees for Personal
matter as cause for stress.
14. Through this table 82% of employees feel that there is a need for seminars/training
programs / workshops for reducing stress be organized by the management. While 10% of
the employees feel no need and 8% of employees feel no responses feedback.
15. The survey reveals that 62% of the employees feel that they do not have any recreation
/replacement programs so that 32% of employees feel they have recreation/ refreshment
programs while 06% of the employees did not responded.
16. From the data 78% of the employees feel that there is a need for organization and 14% of
employees feel that there is no need for tit, while 8% of the employees feel did not
responded.
17. Through this table 42% of the employees feel tense, 17% of the employees feel no tense,
33% of the employees have the lot of tense, 8% of the employees not have the type of tense.
18. According to my survey 83% of the employees spend with family at weekends, 17% of the
employees not spend with family at weekends.

STRESS MANAGEMENT
SUGESSTIONS:
1. Developing a healthy work environment by providing comfortable, well-structured,
attractive conditions.
2. Provision of means to socialize through rest periods & recreational programs, social clubs
etc.
3. It may be worthwhile to arrange preventive counseling sessions for individuals
experiencing high stress.
4. By improving channels of communications, sharing information& getting greater feedback
on performance.
5. The management can arrange workshops/ seminars /training programs to make employees
aware of the nature of stress, develop approaches for coping with stress like stress
management training, Time /Work management, Personality development etc.
6. The organization can follow permanent stress management assistance programs like Stress
Audit, Holistic Health perspective, Regular Interventions.
CONCLUSION
In the above perspective, the present chapter makes an attempt to draw some conclusions. It
should be confessed here that the investigator is conscious of the limitations of the study and the
conclusion drawn on the basis of the sample from a single unit cannot be generalized about the
entire manufacturing sector. With regard to value of people, the analysis leads to the conclusion
that the Executives give a reasonable value to the Human Resources in the Organization. The

STRESS MANAGEMENT
overall strategies which was imposed by the PCS SECURITIES ltd towards the eradication of
stress on the employees in the organization is good, but there was a need to focus on some other
few areas to achieve the optimal mark in eradicating of the stress in the organization.
ANNEXURES

STRESS MANAGEMENT
ANNEXURE – 1.0
QUESTIONNAIRE
Note: Put a ‘tick marks’ for the options you feel reasonable.
1. What is your opinion about stress?
 Stress will have an adverse effect on physical and psychological conditions of
person.
 It is hurdle for effective performance
 Moderate level of stress is required for effective functioning and peak performances
2. What is your stress frequency?
 Occasionally
 Sometimes
 Frequently
 Most frequently
3. What may be the causes for your stress?
 Job responsibilities
 Unpleasant Physical working conditions
 Interpersonal relationships
 Personal matters
4. The consequences of stress on you?
 Decreased concentration, commitment
 Inability to relax
 Unable to meet goals

STRESS MANAGEMENT
 Other
5. How does job stress affect you personally?
 Mentally
 Emotionally
 Behaviorally
 All
6. Identify the sources for your job stress?
 Work overload
 Working hours
 Target
 Supervision
7. Define your level of communication with your peers and supervisors?
 Excellent
 Good
 Average
8. Define your level of encouragement given by your peers and superiors?
 Excellent
 Good
 Average
 Poor
9. At what level you’re superior’s behavior effecting you that is leading to stress?
o High
o Medium
o Low
10. Do you have any intervention techniques to reduce the stress?
o Companywide interventions
o Redesigning of your jobs
o Stress management training
o none
11. Did you come across serious problems because of work stress?
 Yes

STRESS MANAGEMENT
 No
 No responds
12. Did you attended any seminars/training programs/workshops /games for
Reducing job stress?
 Yes
 No
13. If ‘yes’ are they helpful to reduce the stress?
 Yes
 No
 No responds
14. Do you feel there is a need for seminars/training programs/workshops/Games/for
Reducing stress to be organized by the management?
 Yes
 No
 No response
15. Do you have any recreation/ refreshment programs so that you can relax in
Between the working hours?
 Yes
 No
 No response
16. Do you feel there is a need for stress management assistance programs the
organization?
 Yes
 No
 No response
17. When you are given an expectedly large project, do you get tense?
o Felt tense
o Lot of tense
o No such type of situation
18. Do you find any time to spend with your family at weekends?

STRESS MANAGEMENT
o Yes
o Noses
ANNEXURE – 1.1
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
1. Steven. L. Mc Shane, Mary Ann VONGLINOW, “Organization Behavior”, Tata McGraw
Edition 2010.
2. T.AnithaDevi, “Occupational Stress-study of women in different occupations “-A Thesis
submitted to Osmania University, Hyderabad, 2011.
3. Organization Behavior, by K.Aswanthappa, Himalaya publishing house, 2012.
4. ‘People in Organization-An Introduction to Organization Behavior’, by Terence R.
Mitchell & James R. Larson, McGraw Hill Edition 2013.
5. HRM, by David Decenzo /Stephen P.Robins, Whiley student Edition 2013.
6. HRM review on corporate stress.
WEBSITES
7. www.humanlink.com
8. www.mindtools.com
9. www.stress.about.com
10. www.PCSSECURITIES LTD.COM

STRESS MANAGEMENT

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STRESS MANAGEMENT

A STUDY ON STRESS MANAGEMENT

Under the Guidance of

DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

YOGI VEMANA UNIVERSITY 1

I hereby declare that the project report titled “A STUDY ON STRESS

MANAGEMENT” is own work to the best my knowledge and my belief. It

contains no material previously published or written by another person or

diploma of any other institute or university.

YOGI VEMANA UNIVERSITY 2

YOGI VEMANA UNIVERSITY, KADAPA

This is to certify that the project entitled “A STUDY ON STRESS

MANAGEMENT” is a bonafide work done and submitted by U. MADHU

LAXMANNA (Reg.No-0011514015) who carried out the work under my supervision

in partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of master of Business Administration

Mr. ANIL DEVA KUMAR DR.B. GANGAIAH

YOGI VEMANA UNIVERSITY 3

(U. MADHU LAXMANNA)

YOGI VEMANA UNIVERSITY 4

S.NO Chapter Name Page No.

Chapter-2 INDUSTRY 26-39

Chapter-6 Findings 79-81

Appendix-1 QUESTIONNIRE 83-85

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CONCEPTS AND MODELS OF STRESS MANAGEMENT

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ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF STRESS

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IT’S EFFECT ON THE BODY

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psychological effects are involuntary: meaning it is a natural uncontrollable physical and

EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL STRESSORS:

People can experience either or internal stressors.

Human resource management is the most important resource of an organization in which

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Human Resource Management forms a crucial function in organizations of all sizes.

MEANING OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Human Resource Management means employing people, developing their resources,

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HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROCESS

 Human resource planning: - It is the process of determining future human resource

SCOPE OF HUMAN RESOURCES AT THE ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL

STRESS RELATED TO HRM

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The most commonly accepted definition of stress mainly attributed

A non-specific psychological and physiological response to event which are perceived

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COPYING STRATEGIES FORSTRESS

Forecasting and preparing

Organize work & time

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Developing positive attitude

Intra Personal process

1.Take a hard look at yourself

The 10 types of role stress include

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5. Role Expectation Conflict

10. Role Isolation

Cost of Corporate Stress

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