organelle organelle
“little organ”
cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
portion of the cell outside the nucleus
Nucleus
contains DNA and instructions for protein
construction
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2 membranes 2 membranes
Pores allow material to move
in and out
(RNA and proteins)
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Nucleus
small dense region in the nucleus small dense region in the nucleus
site of ribosome assembly
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Ribosomes small particles of RNA and protein found in
cytoplasm
Ribosomes Ribosomes
small particles of RNA and protein found in small particles of RNA and protein found in Ribosomes
cytoplasm cytoplasm
proteins are assembled on ribosomes proteins are assembled on ribosomes
ribosomes follow coded instructions from
the nucleus
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic
Ribosomes
Reticulum internal membrane system
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth E.R.
no ribosomes on the surface Smooth Smooth
Endoplasmic Endoplasmic
contains enzymes for:
Reticulum Reticulum
1. synthesis of lipid membranes
2. detoxification of drugs
*liver cells have lots of smooth ER
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Golgi
shipping and packaging Apparatus Apparatus
Stack of membranes
function = to modify, sort, and package
proteins and other materials from the ER
for either storage or secretion
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Lysosomes Lysosomes
Lysosomes Lysosomes
Function: to break down lipids, carbs, and Function: to break down lipids, carbs, and
protein for cell use protein for cell use
dispose of old organelles dispose of old organelles
clean up crew
Vacuole
Lysosomes
Vacuole storage – water, salt, protein, carbs
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Vacuole Vacuole
Vacuole
storage – water, salt, protein, carbs
in plants, pressure in vacuole provides
structure contractile vacuole in paramecium pumps
water out of cell to maintain homeostasis
Mitochondria and
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Power plants of the cell
Vacuole
and
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Found in both animal cells and plant cells Found in both animal cells and plant cells
converts energy stored in food into
compounds that are more useful to the cell
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Mitochondria Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Factoid: Factoid:
Mitochondria are inherited from the Mitochondria are inherited from the
cytoplasm of the ovum cytoplasm of the ovum
You have your mom’s mitochondria
Chloroplasts Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
Found in plant cells Found in plant cells
capture energy from sunlight and convert it capture energy from sunlight and convert it
into chemical energy by photosynthesis into chemical energy by photosynthesis
contain stacks of green pigment contain stacks of green pigment =
chlorophyll
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Have their own organelle DNA Developed by scientist Lynn Margulis Developed by scientist Lynn Margulis
mitochondria and chloroplasts are
descendents of ancient prokaryotes
Developed by scientist Lynn Margulis some evolved into mitochondria some evolved into mitochondria
mitochondria and chloroplasts are Some evolved into chloroplasts
descendents of ancient prokaryotes
formed symbiotic relationship with
eukaryotes
Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton
Two components:
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Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton
Two components: Two components:
Cell Membrane
Cytoskeleton:
Microfilaments &
Cell Membrane A thin flexible barrier
Microtubules
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Cell Membrane
3 types of molecules
1. lipid bilayer
2. proteins
Pumps or channels to move materials through
3. carbohydrates – cell ID cards
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Cell Wall Located outside the cell membrane Located outside the cell wall
Found in plants, algae, fungi and some
prokaryotes
Located outside the cell wall Function: to provide structure and support Function: to provide structure and support
Found in plants, algae, fungi and some Made up of carbohydrate fiber and protein
prokaryotes
Not in animal cells
Cell Wall
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