1. Evaluate using the trapezoidal rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:
1 2
∫ 0 1 + x2
dx (use 8 intervals)
1 2 1− 0
Since ∫ 0 1 + x2
d x , width of interval =
8
= 0.125
1 2
∫ 0 1 + x2
dx
1
≈ (0.125) ( 2.0000 + 1.0000 ) + 1.9692 + 1.8824 + 1.7534 + 1.6000 + 1.4382 + 1.2800 + 1.1327
2
= 0.125[12.5559]
= 1.569
2. Evaluate using the trapezoidal rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:
3
∫1
2 ln 3 x d x (use 8 intervals)
3 3 −1
Since ∫1
2 ln 3 x d x , width of interval =
8
= 0.25
3
∫1
2 ln 3 x d x
1
≈ (0.25) ( 2.1972 + 4.3944 ) + 2.6435 + 3.0082 + 3.3165 + 3.5835 + 3.8191 + 4.0298 + 4.2204
2
= 0.25[27.9168] = 6.979
1120 © 2014, John Bird
3. Evaluate using the trapezoidal rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:
π /3
∫ 0
(sin θ ) d θ (use 6 intervals)
π
−0
π /3 π
∫
Since (sin θ ) d θ , width of interval =
= 3 or 10°
0 6 18
π /3
∫ 0
(sin θ ) d θ
π 1
≈ ( 0 + 0.9306 ) + 0.4167 + 0.5848 + 0.7071 + 0.8017 + 0.8752
18 2
π
= ≈ [3.8508]
18
= 0.672
4. Evaluate using the trapezoidal rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:
1.4
∫ 0
e − x2 d x (use 7 intervals)
1.4 1.4 − 0
Since ∫ e − x2 d x , width of interval = = 0.2
0 7
1
e − x2 d x ≈ (0.2) (1.0 + 0.1409 ) + 0.9608 + 0.8521 + 0.6977 + 0.5273 + 0.3679 + 0.2369
1.4
∫ 0
2
= (0.2)[4.21315]
= 0.843
1. Evaluate using the mid-ordinate rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:
2 3
∫ 0 1+ t2
dt (use 8 intervals)
2 3 2−0
Since ∫ d t , width of interval = = 0.25
0 1+ t 2 8
Hence, ordinates occur at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.0,
and mid-ordinates occur at 0.125, 0.375, 0.625, 0.875, 1.125, 1.375, 1.625 and 1.875
3
d t ≈ ( 0.25 ) [ 2.9538 + 2.6301 + 2.1573 + 1.6991 + 1.3241 + 1.0378 + 0.8240 + 0.6644]
2
∫ 0 1+ t2
= ( 0.25 ) [13.2906]
= 3.323
2. Evaluate using the mid-ordinate rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:
π /2 1
∫ 0 1 + sin θ
(use 6 intervals)
π
−0
π /2 1 π
Since ∫ 0 1 + sin θ
d θ , width of interval
= = 2
6 12
rad or 15°
Hence, ordinates occur at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°,
and mid-ordinates occur at 7.5°, 22.5°, 37.5°, 52.5°, 67.5° and 82.5°.
π
= [3.8088]
12
= 0.997
3. Evaluate using the mid-ordinate rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:
3 ln x
∫ 1 x
dx (use 10 intervals)
3 ln x 3 −1
Since ∫ d x , width of interval = = 0.2
1 x 10
Hence, ordinates occur at 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0,
and mid-ordinates occur at 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7 and 2.9.
x 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9
ln x
x 0.0866 0.2018 0.2703 0.3121 0.3378 0.3533 0.3621 0.3665 0.3679 0.3671
3 ln x
∫ 1 x
d x ≈ (0.2)[ 0.0866 + 0.2018 + 0.2703 + 0.3121 + 0.3378 + 0.3533 + 0.3621 + 0.3665
+ 0.3679 + 0.3671]
= (0.2)[3.0255]
= 0.605
4. Evaluate using the mid-ordinate rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:
π /3
∫ 0
(cos3 x) d x (use 6 intervals)
π
−0
π /3 π
∫
Since (cos x) d x
3 , width of =
interval = 3 rad or 10°
0 6 18
Hence, ordinates occur at 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50° and 60°,
and mid-ordinates occur at 5°, 15°, 25°, 35°, 45° and 55°
1123 © 2014, John Bird
θ 5° 15° 25° 35° 45° 55°
( cos 2 x )
0.9943 0.9493 0.8628 0.7414 0.5946 0.4344
π /3 π
∫ (cos3 x) d x ≈ [ 0.9943 + 0.9493 + 0.8628 + 0.7414 + 0.5946 + 0.4344]
0
18
π
= [ 4.5768]
18
= 0.799
1. Evaluate using Simpson’s rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:
π /2
∫ 0
(sin x) d x (use 6 intervals)
π
−0
π /2 π
Since ∫ 0
=
(sin x) d x , width of interval = 2
6 12
rad or 15°
x π 2π 3π 4π 5π 6π
0
12 12 12 12 12 12
π /2 1 π
∫ (sin x) d x ≈ ( 0 + 1.000 ) + 4 ( 0.5087 + 0.8409 + 0.9828 ) + 2 ( 0.7071 + 0.9306 )
0 3 12
π
= [1.0000 + 9.3296 + 3.2754]
36
π
= [13.605] = 1.187
36
2. Evaluate using Simpson’s rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:
1.6 1
∫ 0 1+θ 4
dθ (use 8 intervals)
1.6 1 1.6 − 0
Since ∫ 0 1+θ 4
d θ , width of interval =
8
= 0.2
1.6 1
∫ 0 1+θ 4
dθ
1
= (0.2) [1.1324 + 10.3608 + 4.0196]
3
1
= (0.2) [15.5128] = 1.034
3
3. Evaluate using Simpson’s rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:
1.0 sin θ
∫ 0.2 θ
dθ (use 8 intervals)
1
= (0.1) [1.8348 + 14.9388 + 5.6226]
3
1
= (0.1) [ 22.3962] = 0.747
3
4. Evaluate using Simpson’s rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:
π /2
∫ 0
x cos x d x (use 6 intervals)
π
−0
π /2 π
Since ∫ =
x cos x d x , width of interval = 2 rad or 15°
0 6 12
x π 2π 3π 4π 5π 6π
0
12 12 12 12 12 12
x cos x 0 0.2529 0.4534 0.5554 0.5236 0.3388 0
π /2 1 π
∫ x cos x d x ≈ ( 0 + 0 ) + 4 ( 0.2529 + 0.5554 + 0.3388 ) + 2 ( 0.4534 + 0.5236 )
0 3 12
π
= [ 0 + 4.5884 + 1.9540]
36
π
= [ 6.5424] = 0.571
36
5. Evaluate using Simpson’s rule, giving the answers correct to 3 decimal places:
π /3
∫ 0
e x2 sin 2 x d x (use 10 intervals)
π
−0
π /3 π
∫
Since e sin 2 x d x , width of interval =
x2 3 = rad
0 10 30
x π 2π 3π 4π 5π 6π 7π 8π 9π 10π
0
30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
e sin 2 x
x2
0 0.2102 0.4250 0.6488 0.8857 1.1392 1.4114 1.7021 2.0064 2.3119 2.5929
π
= [ 2.5929 + 24.0488 + 9.4570]
90
π
= [36.0987 ] = 1.260
90
6. Evaluate using (a) integration, (b) the trapezoidal rule, (c) the mid-ordinate rule, (d) Simpson’s rule.
4 4
∫1 x3
dx (use 6 intervals)
4 −1
(b) Width of interval = = 0.5
6
4 1
d x ≈ (0.5) ( 4.0000 + 0.0625 ) + 1.1852 + 0.5000 + 0.2560 + 0.1481 + 0.0933
4
∫1 x 3
2
= (0.5)[4.21385] = 2.107
(c) Mid-ordinates occur at 1.25, 1.75, 2.25, 2.75, 3.25 and 3.75
= (0.5)[3.5303] = 1.765
(d) Using the table of values from part (b), using Simpson’s rule,
1
= (0.5) [ 4.0625 + 6.1380 + 1.2962]
3
1
= (0.5) [11.4967 ] = 1.916
3
7. Evaluate using (a) integration, (b) the trapezoidal rule, (c) the mid-ordinate rule, (d) Simpson’s rule.
6−2
(b) Width of interval = = 0.5
8
6 1
∫ 2
(2 x − 1)
dx
1
≈ (0.5) ( 0.5774 + 0.3015 ) + 0.5000 + 0.4472 + 0.4082 + 0.3780 + 0.3536 + 0.3333 + 0.3162
2
= (0.5)[3.17595] = 1.588
(c) Mid-ordinates occur at 2.25, 2.75, 3.25, 3.75, 4.25, 4.75, 5.25 and 5.75
+ 0.3244 + 0.3086]
= (0.5)[3.1656] = 1.583
(d) Using the table of values from part (b), using Simpson’s rule,
1
= (0.5) [ 0.8789 + 6.312 + 2.317 ]
3
3
8. Evaluate ∫ 0
(1 + x 4 ) d x using (a) the trapezoidal rule, (b) the mid-ordinate rule, (c) Simpson’s rule.
Use 6 intervals in each case and give answers correct to 3 decimal places.
3−0
(a) Width of interval = = 0.5
6
3
∫ 0
(1 + x 4 ) d x
1
≈ (0.5) (1.0000 + 9.0554 ) + 1.0308 + 1.4142 + 2.4622 + 4.1231 + 6.3295
2
= (0.5)[20.3875] = 10.194
(b) Mid-ordinates occur at 2.25, 2.75, 3.25, 3.75, 4.25, 4.75, 5.25 and 5.75
= (0.5)[20.0146] = 10.007
(c) Using the table of values from part (b), using Simpson’s rule,
1
= (0.5) [10.0554 + 39.2900 + 11.0746]
3
1
= (0.5) [ 60.42] = 10.070
3
rule. Use 6 intervals in each case and give answers correct to 3 decimal places.
1 1
d y ≈ (0.1) (1.0050 + 1.4003) + 1.0206 + 1.0483 + 1.0911 + 1.1547 + 1.2500
0.7
∫ 0.1
(1 − y 2 ) 2
= (0.1)[6.76735] = 0.677
(b) Mid-ordinates occur at 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, 0.55 and 0.65
1
(1 − y 2 ) 1.0114 1.0328 1.0675 1.1198 1.1974 1.3159
= (0.1)[6.7448] = 0.674
(c) Using the table of values from part (a), using Simpson’s rule,
1 1
d y ≈ (0.1) (1.0050 + 1.4003) + 4 (1.0206 + 1.0911 + 1.2500 ) + 2 (1.0483 + 1.1547 )
0.7
∫ 0.1
(1 − y 2 ) 3
1
= (0.1) [ 2.4053 + 13.4468 + 4.406]
3
1
= (0.1) [ 20.258] = 0.675
3
follows:
time t (s) 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
velocity v (ms–1) 0 0.4 1.0 1.7 2.9 4.1 6.2 8.0 9.4
8.0
The distance travelled in 8.0 seconds is given by ∫ 0
vdt
Estimate this distance using Simpson’s rule, giving the answer correct to 3 significant figures.
1
(1.0 ) [(0 + 9.4) + 4(0.4 + 1.7 + 4.1 + 8.0) + 2(1.0 + 2.9 + 6.2)]
8.0
∫ 0
vdt ≈
3
1 1
= [9.4 + 56.8 + 20.2] = (86.4) = 28.8 m
3 3
11. A pin moves along a straight guide so that its velocity v (m/s) when it is a distance x (m) from the
Use Simpson’s rule with 8 intervals to determine the approximate total distance travelled by the pin
= 0.485 m