MECH 227 (01)

MIDTERM I

Prof. Dr. Bilgehan Ögel 70 Min 14th.November.2014

24% Q.1) Answer the following as True or False:

a) Gas porosity is only seen in weldings ........................................................................ T F

b) Allotrophy means that the crystal structure of a metal is not fixed but changes with an increase in
temperature. .............................................................................................................. T F
c) Ceramics are ionic compounds, so dislocations in their structure cannot move
under shear stresses. ................................................................................... T F
d) Dislocations are line defects. ................................................................................. T F
e) Single crystalline metals are more expensive than their Polycrystalline
equivalents. ........................................................................................................... T F
f) Inclusions in steels decrease their toughness ……..................................... T F
g) The 25 kuruş coins are metal alloys .…………………….....………….....…… T F
h) Polyester is a ceramic. ....................................................................................... T F
i) Magnesium (Mg) is a metal. ............................................................................ T F
j) Boron (B) is a metal. ....................................................................................... T F
k) The car tyres are a type of composite. ............................................................ T F
l) 600 BC, the ancient man used only metals as a material. They did not know
polymers and ceramics ................................................................................................ T F

10% Q.2.) A steel I profile will be bend to an angle of 90°. The ductility of the alloy is of prime
importance for this application, otherwise cracks are seen at the bend surface. In order to select the most
ductile metal among many alloys present in the stock, I would apply a ___________________________
testing method to measure ductility. Because __________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

10% Q.3.) Why Cu and Al is generally more ductile than iron? Because ___________________
_________________________________________________________________________ .

10% Q.4) What is the most important design criteria for the steel which will be used in
manufacturing of the helical spring of a car? It is _________________________________________ .

11% Q.6) Below, polymers with different structures are given:

Polyethylene Z1: 600.000 gm/mole

Polyethylene Z2: 450.000 gm/mole

Polyethylene P1: 600.000 gm/mole, 65% of available sites are cross-linked.

Polyethylene P2: 600.000 gm/mole, 80% of available sites are cross-linked.

Polypropylene R1: 600.000 gm/mole, 25% crystallinity

Polypropylene R2: 600.000 gm/mole, 40% crystallinity

(a) From the given polymers Z1 and Z2, the ______ will have a higher UTS
(b) From the given polymers P1 and P2, the ______ will have a higher UTS
(c) From the given polymers R1 and R2, the ______ will have a higher melting point
20% Q.7.) A bar of an aluminum alloy exhibiting the stress-strain behaviour given below is
subjected to a tensile load. The specimen is 800mm long and of square cross-section 6.4mm on a side.
(a) What is the yield strength of this alloy ? (Answer: ________ MPa). (Hint: Apply 0,2% off-set
method and use high resolution part of the graph!)
(b) How much loading (in Kgs) could produce an elongation of 16mm ? (Answer: _______ Kgs)
(Important: For all answers, draw on the graph first. Then fill in the blanks above)

15% Q.8) You are given a brass alloy with the following tensile data:
E = 9.85x104 MPa. UTS = 500 MPa.
Y = 258 MPa. ν= 0.35
(a) What is the maximum diameter of the cylindrical bar made of this alloy that can carry
2 tons of load without any permanent deformation ? The diameter must be _________ mm.
(b) What is the total elongation under the loading conditions in (a), if the wire length is 6
meters ? The total elongation is _____________ mm.
(c) A cylindrical specimen of this material with 14 mm diameter and 150mm long is
carrying 2035 Kgs. The final diameter of the specimen under this load is ________ mm

18% Q.9) Platinum (Pt) has an FCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.139nm and an
atomic weight of 195.08 gm/mole. The theoretical density of Pt is ______ gm/cc. (Use back of
the paper for calculations)
21% Q.10) A stainless steel bolt works as a part of a sterilizer. The bolt is 0,7 cm in diameter.
The y and UTS of the steel is 340 MPa and 530 MPa respectively. The Elastic Modulus is
195x103 MPa.
(a) What is the maximum load that can be carried by this bolt without plastic
deformation Answer: ..... (Kg.).
(b) During sterilization, the load on the bolt reaches 1100 Kgs, due to the pressure
in the tank.If the initial length of the bolt was 50.6cm, find the final length (in cm) under
pressure.
Answer: ........................... (cm)
(c) Due to a faulty operation, the sterilization pressure increased suddenly, so the
load on the bolt reached to 1900 Kgs. Could you find the final length of the bolt under this
condition ?
Answer: ........................................................ (cm)

15% Q.11) Three alloys: A, B and C are candidates for an application. The requirement is as
follows: The deformation in the bolt must be very low when a load of 200MPa is applied. Using
the properties given in the Table below, select the most suitable alloy for this application. I
would select alloy ____________ for this application. Because
___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

TABLE.1
Yield Str. UTS Elastic M. Hardness Charpy Imp.
% Elong.
(MPa) (MPa) (GPa) (HB) Toughness (J)
A 12% 700 980 195 400 40
B 40% 280 340 170 210 80
C 22% 520 654 210 325 55

18% Q.12) You are given the tensile data of four different steel alloys. Using this diagram,
please answer the following questions, if the given data is enough. If not, please fill as NA .

(a) Which one has the highest ductility ? _______

(b) Which one has the highest hardness ? _________
(c) Whic one has the highest yield strength? ________
(d) Which one has the highest charpy impact toughness? ________


Alloy A

Alloy B

Alloy C

Alloy D


10% Q.13) Which of the following are made of composite? (Write Y or N)
Helical spring of a car _____
UHT milk boxes ____
Bread cutting knife ____
Car Tyres ____
Al can for soft drinks ____

9% Q.14.) Put the following materials in the order of increasing tensile strength (UTS):
(m) Pure Al
(n) Steel having 0,2%C is 20%CW
(o) Al-1%Mg alloy
(p) Al-1%Mg alloy 20%CW (cold worked)
(r) 30%CW polyetylene string
(a) m<n<o<p<r (b) r<m<o<p<n (c) r<o<m<p<n
(d) m<o<p<n<r (e) m<n<o<r<p

10% Q15) What are the most important design criteria for the steel which will be used in
manufacturing of the helical spring of a car? Comment on two criteria
___________________________________________________________________________ .
______________________________________________________________ .

11% Q.16) Below, polymers with different structures are given:

Polyethylene Z1: 600.000 gm/mole

Polyethylene Z2: 450.000 gm/mole

Polyethylene P1: 600.000 gm/mole, 65% of available sites are cross-linked.

Polyethylene P2: 600.000 gm/mole, 80% of available sites are cross-linked.

Polypropylene R1: 600.000 gm/mole, 25% crystallinity

Polypropylene R2: 600.000 gm/mole, 40% crystallinity

(d) From the given polymers Z1 and Z2, the ______ will have a higher UTS
(e) From the given polymers P1 and P2, the ______ will have a higher UTS
(f) From the given polymers R1 and R2, the ______ will have a higher melting point

5% Q.17.) A square cross-section bar will be bend to an angle of 90°. The ductility of the alloy is of
prime importance for this application. In order to select the most ductile metal among many alloys present
in the stock, I would apply a .......................................................... testing method to measure ductility.
Because ___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

8% Q.18) (a) The carbonated soft drinks (like Cola) can be stored in PET bottles. Are these bottles
made of ceramic, metal or polymer? They are made of _____________________ .
(b) Why these soft drinks cannot be stored more than 1 (one) year, when compared to
glass bottles? Because ________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
28% Q.19) Answer the following as True or False:
(a) The materials with large organic molecules where the number of mers is higher than
5000 units are called polymers ............................................................................. T F
(b) Gas porosity can be seen in castings but not in weldings, because the amount
of liquid is less in weld deposits. ........................................................................... T F
(c) Allotrophy means that the crystal structure of a metal is not fixed but changes with an increase in
temperature. .............................................................................................................. T F
(d) Ceramics are ionic compounds, so dislocations in their structure cannot move
under shear stresses. ................................................................................... T F
(e) Dislocations are line defects found in metals and ceramics. ............................. T F
(f) Amorphous materials are crystalline materials which contain high amount of dislocations in
their structure. ........................................................................................................... T F
(g) The slip systems of BCC and FCC crystal structures are identical, because they both belong to cubic
system. .................................................................................................................. T F
(h) Single crystalline metals are more expensive than their Polycrystalline
equivalents. ........................................................................................................... T F
(i) MnS inclusions in steels decrease their toughness …….....................................T F
(j) The 25 kuruş coins are metal alloys .…………………….....………….....…… T F
(k) Cobalt (Co) is a metal. ..................................................................................... T F
(l) Rubber is a type of polymer. ............................................................................ T F
(m) Boron (B) is a metal. ....................................................................................... T F
(n) The car tyres are a type of composite. ............................................................ T F

5% Q.20.) Several alloys show a well-defined yield point, i.e. the slope of - changes suddenly.
However, several others dont. For these alloys, we use _________________________________
method, in order to find the yield stress.

5% Q.21) You are given two steel specimens, namely A and B. Although both have identical
chemical analysis, steel B is stronger from metal A. Is it possible? _________ (No or Yes). Because
____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
DATA
 = F/A0  = - x/z = - y/z Avogadro's number = 6.02x1023
1 Kg.f = 9.8 N  = l/l0 = d/d0 Mass = VolumexDensity
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2  = E.  1 mt = 100 cm 1nm = 10-7cm