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Krista Scott

Cassel

English 101

30 October 2018

Annotated Bibliography

Acute congestive heart failure is a life threatening disease that isn't just our nation's

problem but a worldwide issue. The average rate that people are hospitalized for heart failure is

great than a million cases per year. After The first time being hospitalized with a form a heart

failure the likelihood that you will be readmitted after discharge is 30% and as well a 30% of a 1

year mortality rate. Though there has being major changes in the treatment of heart failure,

clinical trials and and the treatments still remain the same. Some treatments such as diuretics and

vasodilators have remained the same since 1970. The same goes for clinical trials though many

different approaches have been developed the results all still have the same outcome. They fail to

show any actual benefits for those with heart failure. Despite the outcome of standard treatment

it is still proven to relieve symptoms by 70%. Though many factors play into the role of this

failure such as patient heterogeneity, numerous background therapies, and most importantly

timing and duration. Time plays the most crucial factor.

The Registry Focused on Very Early Presentation and Treatment in Emergency

Department of Acute Heart Failure (REALITY-AHF) was the first study to focus on and show

the time course of treatment in those patients with AHF. Data from the study shows that early
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treatment with furosemide highly decreases the mortality rate of heart failures in hospitals. Time

course continues to play the most important factor within this study.

Most clinical trials have failed even with the introduction of new drugs, some treatments

have remained the same for years and years and continue to have neutral rate of mortality and the

cases are not decreasing or continuing to get better. The REALITY-AHF study shows how time

and the furosemide administration are crucial to future clinical trials and decreasing mortality

rates. However time remains to be the most crucial factor in AHS detection and treatment and as

well play a important factor in future studies.

The others purpose of writing this is to shed light on heart failure, as well influence future

trials and research. The audience is other researchers and just common people,. It’s meant for

educational purposes.

The author is, Nobuyuki Kagiyama, and Yuya Matsue. They’re credible because they are

doctors and researchers that are highly qualified in the area. The information has educational and

tested. There was nothing being gain from the article but to inform people and make health

related advances.

Using the information in this article i can use it as a portion within my paper. I can use it

to answer my question, as well to add more detail. I can use it in order to show how we can

improve congestive heart failure, as well as what needs to be done about it.

Article 2:

Thi Thu Huong Pham, et al. “Self-Care Behaviors in Vietnamese Adults with Heart

Failure.” Songklanakarin Journal of Science & Technology, vol. 40, no. 4, July 2018, pp. 860–
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866. EBSCOhost,

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=131769100&site=ehost-live.

Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death. The number of those having to be

hospitalized has skyrocketed from 50-80%. Mostly adults have been diagnosed with this

condition. Among these statistics it is also proven that 10-50% of those who have been admitted

in the hospital will be admitted again at some point after discharge. After finding out one has

been diagnosed with heart failure, there are steps to be take to help improve ones condition. This

is called self- care. People perceive this “self-care” as dealing with with fact that the have heart

failure and coming to terms with the fact as well as deciding there was nothing more they could

do for themselves. When in reality self-care means they should be modifying certain things in

their life physically to improve their health. Self care is the cornerstone that will help manage

and improve those living with the condition of heart failure. Research has identified a range of

factors affecting individuals’ engagement in self-care such as age, gender, socioeconomic status,

education, symptom severity, self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function. The

study designed in this experiment describes self-care behaviors and examines the relationship

between self-care and predictive factors in adults with heart failure.

The studies results show that one major factor was barriers to sodium restrictions. It also

showed that those who knew about heart failure and the self-care requirements recieved more

social support, and this helped them carry out the self-care requirements more frequently. Those

with more knowledge about heart failure and heart failure self care, have a greater chance of

survival, and a decreased hospital admission rate.

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The author's purpose of this article is to inform researchers and those with heart failure

how important self care really is. It establishes that it is one of the most important factors. It

informs the readers that it is one of the most important ways of staying out of the hospital and a

healthy way of dealing with heart failure and living with it effectively and the best way possible.

The authors are, Thi Thu Hương Pham, Jintana Yunibhand, and Chanokporn Jitpanya.

The authors are credible because they are all part of medical professions. They perform this

research in order to fulfill class requirements for their professions. They're not gain anything

from this article or experiment. They're also credible because they have plenty of references that

are reliable and acknowledgments.

I can use this information to help answer my research question. I can use it to add in more

information on living with heart failure. As well as how to handle it, mentally and physically and

how it can benefit those with heart failure. I can also use it to express how learning about heart

failure and having better knowledge about it a lot us to prevent being hospitalized and maybe

even avoiding a shorter death.

Article 3:

“Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention.” Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 16 June 2016,

www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_heart_failure.htm. Accessed 29 October

2018

Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to other

organs but it doesn't necessarily mean that the heart has stopped beating. Approximately 5.7

million adults have heart failure in the United States alone. About half of those diagnosed die

with 5 years of it. Coronary heart disease and high blood pressure as well as diabetes increase
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your risk of heart failure. Unhealthy behaviors as well increase your risk of heart disease, like

high cholesterol, sodium, not enough exercise, or even smoking. Some signs and symptoms of

heart failure or shortness of breath, having troubles breathing during daily activities or laying

down. Weight guan in the legs, or constantly feeling tired or weak. Having an early diagnosis

and treatment can improve those with heart failure tremendously. When treating heart failure

those involved need to be taking their medication, reducing sodium, participle frequently in self

care and getting daily exercise.

The writer's purpose of writing this article is to inform those who have heart failure. As

well as give knowledge and aims to “improve cardiovascular health through public health

strategies and policies that promote healthy lifestyles and behaviors.” They want to help reduce

heart failure cases and to improve the lives of those who have it.

The author is the CDC. This is a good website because it is a government based site. The

information has been recently updated on June, 16th 2016, which is good for medical

information that has to be up to date. The information is mostly all facts and no opinions. The

website gives off all the references it used which are very reliable sources. There's not pop up ads

or ads at all. the CDC and the Division for heart disease and stroke prevention only are there to

provide public health information and leadership to improve cardiovascular health, prevent risk

factors and increase detection. The website gives data and statistics from the CDC.

I can use this for a major part of my research paper. This helps allow me to inform the

readers what the majority of my paper is going to be about. This information gives me a base to

work around. This is what a majority of my paper is going to be about.

Article 4:
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Johnson, Jon. “Congestive Heart Failure: Life Expectancy and Stages.” Medical News

Today, MediLexicon International, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321538.php.

Congestive heart failure is a progressive disease that worsens over time if left untreated.

Some conditions can cause this condition to progress faster, and weaken the heart such as,

coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, inflammation or damage to the heart muscle. The

life expectancy is around 5 years after being diagnosed. Congestive heart failure is not curable,

but early detection and personal lifestyle choices may increases a person's life expectancy.

There's 4 stages of congestive heart failure. There are several symptoms of CHF such as,

swelling in the legs and feet. Bloating, shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea, chest pain. Medical

treatment of CHF mean reducing the amount of fluid in the body to ease the strain on the heart

and improving the heart's ability to pump. Some doctor prescribe angiotensin-converting enzyme

(ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers to help the heart pump blood more efficiently.

Some doctors prescribe beta-blockers to control heart rate. When later stages of CHF some

doctors may recommend heart surgery or even a full heart transplant. Not everyone who has

CHF is the same everyone is different.

The author is Medical news today, they are a nonprofit organization who just wanna help.

THe information has been recently updated which is good for medical use and research.

This will work well for my paper because it adds to my main topic of heart failure, and

gives me more in depth details.

Article 5:
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“Understanding Heart Failure.” Cleveland Clinic,

my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17069-heart-failure-understanding-heart-failure.

There are four different stages of heart failure, all four stages change the way one

changes their lives and treatment. Stage one or also known as stage A, is when the doctors

consider you in pre-heart failure, the patient is at high risk of developing the disease, due to

family or medical conditions such as, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, alcohol abuse,

taking drugs that can damage to heart muscles. Stage two (B), this stage is also when doctors

consider the patient to be pre-heart failure. This is when the doctors have diagnosed the patient

with Systolic left ventricular dysfunction but the patient hasn't actually had any symptoms of

heart failure. Most people in this stage have an ejection fraction of 40% or less. Stage 3 (C) , this

stage is when doctors have been diagnosed with heart failure and have had or are having

symptoms of CHF. Stage 4 (D), This is the final stage of CHF, this is when you have been

diagnosed with advanced symptoms that will not get better with any treatments. This stage is

usually always fatal. As the disease progresses in stages you cannot go backwards, you can only

prevent yourselves from progressing in the stages.

The author is the cleveland clinic, their a nonprofit organization, they just want the

disease to be known. They're a good sources because the information has been recently updated

and they have all their resources posted.

This will completely help me write my paper because it has all the information people

need to know about the disease.

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