DWDM1

WDM Principle
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Foreword
 With the development of telecommunication, the
requirements of the transmission capacity and service
categories are becoming bigger and bigger, under this
background, WDM technology emerged.
Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1
Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe the concepts, transmission modes and structure of
WDM;
 Classify the different types and characteristics of the fiber;
 Outline the key technologies of WDM system;
 List the technical specifications for WDM system.
Contents
1. WDM Overview
2. Transmission Media
3. Key Technologies
4. Technical Specifications
How to increase network capacity？
 WDM
 Economical &
 TDM Mature & Quick
 SDM  STM-16→ STM-

64
 Add fiber &
equipment  Cost &
Complication
 Time & cost
Solution of capacity expansion
What's WDM？
Gas Station
Free Way
Patrol Car
WDM Concept
 Different signals with specific wavelength are multiplexed
into a fiber for transmission.
1 1 2 n
SDH signal
IP package 
2 ┉
ATM cells
n
┋
System Structure
 The overall structure of the WDM system of N-path
wavelength:
 Optical Transponder Unit (OTU)
 Optical Multiplexer Unit / Optical De-multiplexer Unit
(OMU/ODU)
 Optical Amplifier (OA)
 Supervisory Channel (OSC/ESC)
OTU OTU
O O
M A
OTU / / OTU
O OLA O
A D
OTU OTU
OSC OSC OSC
Advantages of WDM
 Ultra high capacity
 Data transparency transmission
 Long haul transmission
 Compatible with existing optical fibers
 High performance-to-cost ratio
 High networking flexibility, economy and reliability
 Smooth expansion
CWDM Vs DWDM
 CWDM:
 Coarse Wavelength Division
Multiplex
 DWDM:
 Dense Wavelength Division
Multiplex
ITU-T G.694.1
Extended C band 192chs, 25GHz spacing
C band 160chs Extended
32chs
196.075THz 192.100THz 192.075THz 191.300THz
Contents
1. WDM Overview
3. Key Technologies
Structure of Optical Fiber
 Consists of a cylindrical glass core, a glass cladding and a
plastic wear-resisting coating.
Refraction
n2 Cladding
θ
Reflection n1 Core
Coating
Attenuation
dB/km
5
Multi-mode
O E S C L U
4 band
3 -
OH
2
（
850~900nm
1
nm
900 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700
）
Dispersion
 Chromatic dispersion:
Power
Optical pulses
Transmitting Transmitting
L1 (km) L2 (km)
Time
Chromatic Dispersion
G.652:widely used, need G.653: Zero dispersion
dispersion compensation at 1550nm window.
for high rate transmission
Dispersion
coefficient
17ps/nm.km G.655
¦ Ë
1310nm
1550nm
G.655: Little dispersion

to avoid FWM.
Chromatic Dispersion Compensation
 The pulse will be broadened because of
 Positive dispersion coefficient at 1550nm window
 DCF has negative dispersion coefficient and can counteract

positive dispersion in transmission.
Dispersion
Coefficient G.652
wavelength
Normal DCF
DSCF: Dispersion Slope
Compensation Fiber
Polarization Mode Dispersion
 Polarization mode dispersion:
Fast
ellipse
core
The Profile
of fiber
Slow
Time Delay
Contents
1. WDM Overview
3. Key Technologies
WDM System Key Technologies

Optical Source

Optical Multiplexer
and Demultiplexer
Key Tech. in WDM

Optical Amplifier

Supervisory
Technologies
Requirements of Optical Source
1 Larger dispersion tolerance value
2 Standard and stable wavelength
Comparison of Modulators
Coherent
Types Direct Modulator EA Modulator M-Z Modulator
Modulator
Max. dispersion
1200~4000 7200~12800 >12800 40000
toleration (ps/nm)
Cost moderate expensive very expensive very expensive
Wavelength
good better best best
Stability
Optical Amplifiers
EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier
RFA Raman Fiber Amplifier
OA
Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier
E3 excited state
Deca
y
1550nm E2 meta-stable state
signal light
Stimulated radiation
1550nm
signal light
980nm
pump light
E1 ground state
 Er energy level diagram

3+
Structure of EDFA
Signal input ISO Coupler ISO Signal Output

TAP TAP
EDF
Pumping laser
PD PD
ISO: Isolator
PD: Photon Detector
Features of EDFA
… Advantages … Disadvantages
 Consistent with the low  Fixed gain range
attenuation window  Gain un-flatness
 High energy conversion  Optical surge problem

efficiency
 High gain with little cross-talk
 Good gain stability
Raman Fiber Amplifier
 Stimulated Raman Scattering
Gain
Pump
30nm
13THz
Gain
Pump1Pump2 Pump3
30nm
70~100nm
Features of Raman
… Advantages … Disadvantages
 Flexible gain wavelength  High pump power, low

efficiency and high cost;
 Simple structure
Components & fiber
Nonlinear effect can be reduced;


undertake the high power;
 Low noise
Application of OA
OTU OTU
M M M MD
4U OA OA
4 OA4 4M
U
0X 0 0 0X
OTU OTU
Booster amplifier Line Amplifier Pre-amplifier
Optical Multiplexer and Demultiplexer
TFF Thin Film Filter
AWG Arrayed Waveguide Grating
λ1 λ1 λ2 λn λ 1 λ2 λn λ1
λ2
λ2 λn
λn
Multiplexer Demultiplexer
Thin Film Filter
λ1- λ4 λ1 filter
Self-focusing lens
λ1
λ3 filter
λ2
λ3
λ4 Glass
Arrayed Waveguide Grating
Arrayed of waveguides 1…n
λ1
Arrayed of fibers
λ1,λ2… λn λn
Supervisory Technologies
OSC Optical Supervisory Channel Technology
ESC Electrical Supervisory Channel

Technology
Optical Supervisory Channel
 Requirements:
 Operating wavelength should be different from the pumping
wavelength of OA.
 Operating wavelength should not take 1310nm window.
 Available when OA fails;
 Suitable for long distance transmission.
OSC OSC
F F
OTU1 I I OTU1 S
S
M
0
C OTU2 U U OTU2 C
4
4
C OTU3 OTU3 C
0
M
OTU4 OTU4
Electrical Supervisory Channel
 Features:
 Simple structure & cost saving
 Redundancy supported
 Improve power budget
 Reduce system complexity
OTU1 OTU1
S
M S
0
C OTU2 OTU2 C
4
4
C OTU3 OTU3 C
0
M
OTU4 OTU4
Contents
1. WDM Overview
3. Key Technologies
Related ITU-T recommendations
 G.652 Characteristics of a single-mode optical fiber cable
 G.655 Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted SMF
 G.661/G.662/G.663 Relevant recommendations of OA
 G.671 Characteristics of passive optical components
 G.957 Optical interfaces relating to SDH system
 G.691 Optical interfaces for single channel STM-64, STM-256 systems
and other SDH systems with OA
 G.692 Optical interfaces for multi-channel systems with OA
 G.709 Interfaces for the optical transport network (OTN)
 G.975 Forward error correction for submarine systems (FEC)
OptiX NG WDM
Hardware Description
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe the position and networking ability of NG WDM
product
 List the main functions and features of NG WDM product
 Outline the layout of OptiX OSN 8800 subrack
 Generalize the categories of boards
 List the main functions and features of the boards
Contents
1. Network Application & Product Features
2. Cabinet, Subrack & Frame
3. Boards Description
Network Hierarchy
iManager
U2000
Position in Networks
OSN 1800 OSN 3800 OSN 6800 OSN 8800 OSN 9800
Edge switched Small XC switched Minor XC switched T-bit XC switched

WDM equipment WDM equipment WDM equipment WDM equipment
20/80G ODUk/GE 80G ODUk/GE 360G ODUk/GE 640G/1.28T/ T-bit XC switched
2.56T/3.2T/ 6.4T ODUk WDM equipment 6.4T/
12.8T ODUk
End to end seamless connection from metro access to

backbone
Networking and Applications
 OptiX OSN 8800 supports Point to Point, Chain, Ring and
Mesh network.
 Point to Point
OTM OTM
 Chain
OTM OADM OTM
 Ring
 Because of its excellent survivability, ring network is a dominant
networking mode in MAN DWDM network planning.
OADM
OADM OADM
OADM
 Mesh Network
 No node bottleneck, flexible and good expandability
 Ready for ASON
OADM OADM
OADM OADM OADM
OADM OADM
WDM System Compositions
 The overall structure of the WDM system of N-path wavelength:
 Optical Transponder Unit (OTU)/Tributary Unit（TU）/Line Unit
（LU）
 Cross-connection Unit (XCS)
 Optical Multiplexer Unit / Optical De-multiplexer Unit (OM/OD)
 Optical Amplifier (OA)
 Optical /Electrical Supervisory Channel (OSC/ESC)
OTU OTU
O O
M A
/ /
O O
TU LU A OA D LU TU
TU LU LU TU
XCS OSC OSC OSC XCS
System Architecture
 Optical and Electrical Grooming Architecture
 Optical Grooming Control plane based on GMPLS
L0 Optical layer
FOADM/ROADM

 FOADM/ROADM
 Electrical Grooming Line-side processing
Colored interface
O
 L1 electrical layer Electrical Layer
T grooming
 L2 electrical layer U
Packet
Client service processing
Main Features
1 2 3 4

ASON 
Optical Layer 
Electrical 
OAM & P
Layer
- ASON over WDM - ROADM - OAM based on
- E2E - DWDM 80λs - ODU0, ODU1, OTN
Configuration - 40G/100G OTU ODU2, ODU3, - Line Protection
- SLA , SRLG, etc - 2.5G/5G/10G ODU4, - Channel Protection
OTU
OTN Processing
 The operable and manageable ability of SDH/SONET is
added in the WDM system, endowing the OTN with both the
flexibility of SDH/SONET and high capacity of WDM.
 Mapping, multiplexing
 Cross-connection
 Embedded overhead
 Protection OTU
Alignm k OH
Client signal
OPUk OH
OTUK
FEC mapped
OPU in
k payload
ODUk FEC

OPUk payload
 OAM OH
OTN Signal
Client signal
Client signal
OPUk OH OPUk payload

TU … TU
ODU OH OPUk
k XCS XCS
OTUk[V] OH ODUk FEC LU … LU
OCh OChOH OCh payload …

OCG-n.m OCCp OCCp OCCp
OCCo
OCCo
OCCo
Non-associated OH
OMU-n.m OSC MUX

OMSn OH
comms OH
OTM-n.m OTSn OH FIU

OOS
Contents
Cabinet
 OSN 6800/8800/9800 can be installed
in:
 N63B cabinet(OSN 6800, OSN 8800
T32 & T16, OSN 9800 U32)
 N66B cabinet(OSN 8800 T64 & T32 &

T16)
 OSN 9800 U64 is integrated into a

cabinet.
 Technical Specifications
 Nominal working voltage: －48V/－60V
DC OSN OSN
9800 8800
 Working Voltage Range: －40V~－72V
DC
Sub-rack OSN 8800 T64
 Structure
Mounting ear
Fiber spool
Board Area
Fiber cabling
area
Fan Tray
Fiber cabling Assembly
area
Air Filter
A subrack identified by "Enhanced" is an enhanced OptiX OSN 8800 T64 subrack.
A subrack is not identified by "Enhanced" is an general OptiX OSN 8800 T64
subrack.
 Slot description
Front Panel Back Panel
 Structure
Subrack Silk-Screen
Mounting ear
Fiber spool
Board Area
Fiber cabling
area
Fan Tray
Fiber cabling Assembly
area
Air Filter
A subrack identified by "Enhanced" is an enhanced OptiX OSN 8800 T32 subrack.
A subrack is not identified by "Enhanced" is an general OptiX OSN 8800 T32
subrack.
Service boards
SCC
(1+1)
XCH/XCM (1+1)
 Structure
Mounting ear
Board Area
Fiber spool
Fiber cabling area

Fan Tray
Assembly
Air Filter
Fiber Cabling Fiber Cabling

area area
OSN 8800 Switching Structure
 Backplane bus (T32)
IU1 IU11 IU20

IU28
IU2 Control and IU21
… …
IU7 communication unit
IU26
IU8 IU27
IU12 IU29
IU9
IU13 IU10 IU30
… …
IU18 3.2T/1.28T Cross- IU35
connect Unit
IU19 IU36
 More reliable equipment under dual bus, dual plane, dual Control and
communication, dual fan units.
Sub-rack OSN 6800
 Structure
Interface Area
Board Area
VOA Area
Mounting ear
Fan Tray Assembly Air Filter
Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 60
Sub-rack OSN 6800
 Slot Description
P
I
U
A
9U
U
X
VOA area
Service boards XCS (1+1) SCC (1+1)
Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 61
OSN 6800 Switching Structure
 Backplane bus
IU1 IU11 Distributed paired-slots

cross-connection
SCC
IU2 IU12
Centralized cross-
IU3
IU13 connection (active)
IU4 IU10
IU14 Centralized Cross-
IU5
IU9 IU15 connection (standby)
IU6
Cross-connect Unit
IU7 IU16
Without
IU17
IU8 cross-connection
Contents
Contents
3.1 Optical Transponder Unit
3.2 Tributary Unit and Line Unit
3.3 Cross-connect Unit
3.4 Optical Multiplexer and Demultiplexer Unit
3.5 Optical Add and Drop Multiplexing Unit
3.6 Optical Amplifier Unit
3.7 System Control and Communication Unit
3.8 Optical Supervisory Channel Unit
3.9 Other Units
OTU Name Rule
L: Transponder unit
L Q X D
S : 1 client port G: GE R: regenerator

D: 2 client ports X: 10G 4: 4 client ports
Q: 4 client ports XL: 40G 24: 24 client ports
O: 8 client ports Q:
T: 10 client ports 40G(Coherent)
E: Ethernet Switch C: 100G
A: Any service
Optical Transponder Unit STAT 21
LEM24
13 5
5 ~ 6: 10 GE
7 ~ 28: GE
ACT 22 6
14
PROG 23 15 7 TX
RX TX
SRV
LEM24 :
24 16 8
25 17 9
26 18 10 RX TX RX
27 19 11 OUT OUT

28 20 12
3 4
2×OTU2
IN IN
13
λ1
2 x 10GE + L2 LEM24
5
21
22 x GE λ2
22
6
23
7
24
8
25
9
10
26
11
27
28
12
20
3
4
LEM24
Line Unit and Tributary Unit Name
Rule
N: OTN 2: OTU2 T: Tributary G: GE
Processing 3: OTU3 access unit X: 10G service
Unit 4: OTU4 XL: 40G service
M: Multi-rate
A: Any rate
N Q 2 T Q X
S: 1 Client output
D: 2 Client outputs
S: 1 WDM output
Q: 4 Client outputs
D: 2 WDM outputs
O: 8 Client outputs
Q: 4 WDM outputs
H: 16 Client outputs
O: 8 WDM outputs
Line Unit
 ND2 : 2 x 10G line service processing board
16xODU0/ 8xODU1/ 2xODU2
2xOTU2
TN53ND2 λ1
λ2
Tributary Unit
 TOA :  TDX
16xODU0/ 8xODU1
8x Any TN54TOA
Optical Multiplexer and Demultiplexer Unit
 M40/M40V
M40V
STAT
ACT M01 196.00 M11 195.00 M21 194.00 M31193.00
M02 195.90 M12 194.90 M22 193.90 M32192.90
PROG M03 195.80 M13 194.80 M23 193.80 M33192.80
40-channel multiplexing unit without/with VOA

SRV M04 195.70 M14 194.70 M24 193.70 M34192.70
M05 195.60 M15 194.60 M25 193.60 M35192.60
M06 195.50 M16 194.50 M26 193.50 M36192.50
M07 195.40 M17 194.40 M27 193.40 M37192.40
M08 195.30 M18 194.30 M28 193.30 M38192.30

M09 195.20 M19 194.20 M29 193.20 M39192.20
M10 195.10 M20 194.10 M30 193.10 M40192.10
MON OUT
M13
M27 M28
Adjusts the optical power of each signal before
M14

M01
M15
M29
multiplexing (M40V).
M02
M16
M30
M03
M17
M31
M04
M18
M32
C-EVEN and C-ODD Band
M05
M19
M33

M06
M20
M34
M07 M08
M21 M22
M35 M36
M09 M10
M23 M24
M37 M38
OUT splitter M40V
M11 M12
M25 M26
M39 M40
MON
AWG
M40V
M01 ……… M40
 D40/D40V STAT
ACT
D40V
D01 196.00 D11 195.00 D21 194.00 D31 193.00
40-channel demultiplexing unit without/with VOA

D02 195.90 D12 194.90 D22 193.90 D32 192.90
PROG D03 195.80 D13 194.80 D23 193.80 D33 192.80
SRV D04 195.70 D14 194.70 D24 193.70 D34 192.70
D05 195.60 D15 194.60 D25 193.60 D35 192.60
D06 195.50 D16 194.50 D26 193.50 D36 192.50
D07 195.40 D17 194.40 D27 193.40 D37 192.40

D08 195.30 D18 194.30 D28 193.30 D38 192.30
D09 195.20 D19 194.20 D29 193.20 D39 192.20
D10 195.10 D20 194.10 D30 193.10 D40 192.10
Adjusts the optical power of each signal after
MON
D13
D27
D14
D28
IN

demultiplexing (D40V).
D01
D15
D29
D02
D16
D30
D03
D17
D31
C-EVEN and C-ODD Band
D04
D18
D32

D05
D19
D33
D06
D20
D34
D07
D21
D35
D08
D22
D36
D09
D23
D37
IN splitter D40V
D10
D24
D38
D11
D25
D39
MON
D12
D26
D40
AWG
D40V
D01 ……… D40
 FIU
 Realizes the multiplexing and demultiplexing of signals
transmitted by the main path and the optical supervisory
channel.
1510nm
TM
TC IN
WDM C-band
LINE
RC C-band Splitter OUT
WDM
MON
RM
1510nm
Optical MUX & DEMUX Unit
 ITL
 Multiplexes and demultiplexes C_ODD and C_EVEN signals
TO
C- odd IN
C-even Interleaver
TE
RO Splitter OUT
C- odd Coupler /
C-even Interleaver
RE
MON
ROADM Unit
WSMD9
WSMD9
 STAT
ACT
PROG
SRV
The wavelength is separated at 50 GHz channel spacing

CAUTION

HAZARDLEVEL 1MINVISIBLE
LASERRADIATION
DONOTVIEWDIRECTLYWITH
NON-ATTENUATINGOPTICALINSTRUMENTS
 Adjust the optical power of any add wavelengths
DM1
AM1
 Online optical performance monitoring
DM2 AM2
DM3
AM3
DM4 AM4
DM5
AM5
MONO MONI
DM6 AM6
DM7
OUT
AM7
IN
EXPO EXPI
DM8 AM8
WSMD9
Optical Amplifier Unit
OAU1
OAU1
STAT

ACT
PROG
SRV
Amplifies 80 channels of C-band optical signals

CAUTION
HAZARDLEVEL1MINVISIBLE
LASERRADIATION
DONOTVIEWDIRECTLYWITH
NON-ATTENUATINGOPTICALINSTRUMENTS
 Continuously adjusts the gain
MON
Online performance monitoring
OUT

IN
TDC
RDC
VO
VI
Type Gain Range Type Gain Range
OAU100 16~25.5dB OAU101 20~31dB
OAU102 20~31dB OAU103 24~36dB

OAU1
OAU105 23~34dB OAU106 16~23dB
 OAU1
 Functional modules and signal flow
TN12/TN13OAU1
VI
VO
Splitter
1 2 5 3 4
PA BA OUT
IN VOA
MON
TDC RDC
DCM
 OBU1
 Amplifies 80 channels of C-band optical signals
 Online performance monitoring
TN12OBU1
VI
VO
Splitter
BA OUT
IN
MON
 RAU2
 Amplifies 80 channels of C-band optical signals
 Generates multi-channel pump light of high power
 Supports the system to transmit services over
different fiber spans without electrical regeneration
 Gain range:
 G.652 fibers: 30dB to 41dB
 LEAF fibers: 32dB to 43dB
 G.653 fibers: 32dB to 43dB
 TWRS fibers: 32dB to 43dB
 TW-C fibers: 32dB to 43dB
 Online performance monitoring
 RAU2
 Functional modules and signal flow
System Control and Communication Unit
 SCC
 Accomplishes the service grooming, configuration
management and alarm output of a subrack
 Supports the backup of the NE data
 1+1 hot backup
 Supports subrack cascading
System Control and Communication Unit
 SCC
 Buttons and LED
Button Function
RESET Used to reset the SCC
ALM CUT Used to cut off the audible alarm
LAMP TEST Used to test all the indicators in the subrack
ID Function
0 Master subrack SCC
EE Subrack ID is incorrect or fails to be read
other values Slave subracks
Optical Supervisory Channel Unit
 SC2
 Receives, processes, and transmits two optical
supervisory signals
 Supports a maximum of 48 dB transmission
 Operating Wavelength: 1510nm
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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WDM Principle

Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Classify the different types and characteristics of the fiber;

 Outline the key technologies of WDM system;

 List the technical specifications for WDM system.

 SDM  STM-16→ STM-

Solution of capacity expansion

OSC OSC OSC

 Data transparency transmission

 Long haul transmission

 Compatible with existing optical fibers

 High performance-to-cost ratio

 High networking flexibility, economy and reliability

196.075THz 192.100THz 192.075THz 191.300THz

G.655: Little dispersion

 DCF has negative dispersion coefficient and can counteract

Key Tech. in WDM

1 Larger dispersion tolerance value

2 Standard and stable wavelength

Cost moderate expensive very expensive very expensive

EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier

RFA Raman Fiber Amplifier

 Er energy level diagram

Signal input ISO Coupler ISO Signal Output

 Consistent with the low  Fixed gain range

attenuation window  Gain un-flatness

 High energy conversion  Optical surge problem

 High gain with little cross-talk

 Good gain stability

 Flexible gain wavelength  High pump power, low

Booster amplifier Line Amplifier Pre-amplifier

TFF Thin Film Filter

AWG Arrayed Waveguide Grating

Arrayed of waveguides 1…n

OSC Optical Supervisory Channel Technology

ESC Electrical Supervisory Channel

 G.655 Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted SMF

 G.661/G.662/G.663 Relevant recommendations of OA

 G.671 Characteristics of passive optical components

 G.957 Optical interfaces relating to SDH system

 G.691 Optical interfaces for single channel STM-64, STM-256 systems

and other SDH systems with OA

 G.692 Optical interfaces for multi-channel systems with OA

 G.709 Interfaces for the optical transport network (OTN)

 G.975 Forward error correction for submarine systems (FEC)

Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 List the main functions and features of NG WDM product

 Outline the layout of OptiX OSN 8800 subrack

 Generalize the categories of boards

 List the main functions and features of the boards

2. Cabinet, Subrack & Frame

Edge switched Small XC switched Minor XC switched T-bit XC switched

End to end seamless connection from metro access to

OTM OADM OTM

 Ready for ASON

OADM OADM OADM

XCS OSC OSC OSC XCS

 Electrical Grooming Line-side processing

Client service processing

OPUk OH OPUk payload

OCh OChOH OCh payload …

OMU-n.m OSC MUX

OTM-n.m OTSn OH FIU

2. Cabinet, Subrack & Frame