Analysis & Design of Inze Tank

for Wind and Earthquake Forces

Produced by : Eng. Alaa Metwally

R.C Structures
Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

1.1 Introduction.
This paper contains a complete design for Inze tank or accurately redesign the tank designed
at the textbook “Analysis and Design of R.C tanks” Dr. Mohamed Hilal 1988. Thanks to
him as he is one of the pioneers in design in Egypt after a complete control from the foreign
design institutions for all projects in this country. Inze tank is simple easy and considered as
an old-fashion tank, but from academic point of view and for theoretical approach it is
considered as an important one to enhance and build a deep understanding for tanks structural
elements, load flow and design methods. The last mentioned textbook adopted elastic design
method and lateral load analysis is only for wind load. Hence, we adopted ultimate limit states
design method which adopted by ECP-203 and lateral analysis contains wind and seismic
loads.

Capacities.
Cylinder = π x 62 x 6.5 = 735.13 m3
2
Cone (part of cone) = π 3 (62+42+6x4) = 159.17 m3

Shaft = π x 0.752 x 7.4 = 13.07 m3

1.1
Dome = π (3x42+42+1.12) = 28.34 m3
6

Capacity = 735.13 + 159.17 – (13.07+28.34) = 853 m3

Note that the volume of shaft and lower dome are subtracted because no water filled this
parts. The water fills only the cylinder at its height so that the upper dome not taken into
calculation of water capacity.

lantern Upper dome

1.5 m
1.2 m
6m

6.5 m Shaft
Lower Dome Cylindrical Walls
1.1 m

2m Ring Beam

Cylindrical Beam
Fig. (1) Tank Elements

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Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

It’s now the time to analyze the tank member one by one and with a short caption or hints to
keeps it as simple as we can for students and engineers.

1.2 Roof Dome.

12m
R2 +Y2 62 +1.42
a= = =13.6 m
2Y 2x1.4
1.4m
x=√13.62 -62 =12 H R=6m
ϕ
Sin ϕ = 6/13.6
Cos ϕ = 12/13.6 P1
x
A = 2πay = 2 π x13.6 x1.4 = 119.6
a a
Assume thickness of dome is 8 cm.
g=γC ts + Superimposed & live=2.5x0.08+0.15=0.35 ton/m2
W=g x A= 0.35x119.6=41.86 t
W 41.86
P1= = =1.11 t⁄m-
2πr 2 πx6
P1 1.11 Fig. (1) Forces in Roof Dome
H1 = tan ϕ = 6 = 2.22 t/m-
( )
12

T1 =H1 R=2.22x6=2.22 t⁄m-

Ring Beam will be designed to resist tension force only.
t.b = 60 T1
Assume t = 15 cm = thickness of dome @ footing
60x13.32
b= =50 cm
15

T 13.32x103
As = (fy/γ1 ) = (3600/1.15) =4.225 cm2
s

A 44.225
Asm = β s = = 4.97 cm2 use 6 ϕ 12
cr 0.85

Stresses of Roof Dome

All forces developed in dome are Meridian force (Compression) and Ring tension which
provide Compressive Stresses in the dome. Hence, a light reinforcing steel mesh used as
concrete are sufficient to resist that kind of stresses.
@ Crown. ϕ = 0 → cos ϕ = 0
Pa 0.35x13.6
Nϕ = Nθ = = =2.53 t⁄m-
2 2

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Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

@ Footing.
g 12
a
Nϕ = 1+cosϕ → ϕ=26° 33’ 54’’ → cos ϕ = 13.6

0.35x13.6
Nϕ = 12 =2.53 t⁄m’
1+( )
13.6

1 12 1
Nθ=ga (cosϕ- ) =.35x13.6( 13.6 - 12 =1.67 t/m’
1+cosϕ 1+( )
13.6

( 2.53x103 ) kg kg
𝜎c = = 1.69 < 60 ok safe
100x15 cm2 cm2

Use minimum area of steel → 5 ϕ 10/m’

Part of dome considered to resist moment at a distance X which calculated roughly as in the
following equation. This is attributed to considering the connection between the Ring beam
and dome as a partially fixed connection.

X=0.6√at = 0.6√13.06x.15 = 0.86 m

X2 .862
M=P = 0.35x = 0.129 t.m/m'
2 2

6 ϕ 12

5 ϕ 10/m’

Fig. (2) Moment resisted by dome

1.3 Cylindrical Wall

Ring tension, field moment and shear forces calculated for wall with hinged base. However,
bending moment calculated for fixed base from Portland cement association tables after
determining the preliminary thickness of wall and the tank shallowness (shallow, medium or
deep).
Tmax =0.75x1x6.5x6= 29.25 t
𝐷 6
= = 1.85 → medium tank
H 6.5

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Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

t=0.8 tmax = 23.4 cm → take t=25 cm

H2 6.52
= =14 → from P.C.A tables
D t 12x.25

Tmax = 0.761xWHR=.761x1x6x6.5=29.68 t @ 4.55 m

M =0.0033 W H3 =0.0033x1x6.53 = 0.91 t.m @ 5.85m
Qmax =0.075 W H3 =0.075x1x6.53 =3.1 t @ base

Mmax -ve =-0.009 WH3 =-0.009x1x6.53 =-2.47 t.m @ base

t
N1 =P1 =1.1 m’
t
N2 =P1 +γ c tw hw =1.11+2.5x.25x6.5=5.17 m’

Design of sections
1.11 t

1.55 m

3m

1 1
1.55 m
2 2

5.17 t 0.91 t 2.47 t 29.68 t

 Ring tension Tmax = 29.68 ton

Tu 1.4x29.68
As = = =13.27cm2
fy 3600
( γc ) ( 1.15 )

13.27
As one branch = =6.635 cm2 6 ϕ 12 For one side
2

29.68x103 kg kg
σt = 100x25+10x6.635 =11.57 cm2 <18 cm2 ok safe

- Sec 1-1 Mmax = 0.91 t.m N = 4.764 t

M
t=√3b -3 =14 cm

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Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

take 25 cm
N 6M -4.764x103 6x.91x105 kg
fct = - A + bt2 = + = -1.19+8.736=5.826 cm2
100x25 100x252

choose min 5 ϕ 12 /m’

- Sec 2-2 Mmax = 2.74 t.m N = 5.17 t

M 2.47x105
t=√3b -3 cm =√ -3 = 25 cm
3x100

-5.17x103 6x2.47x105 kg kg
fct = - 2 = -25.78 cm2 < fct = 95 cm2 ok safe
100x25 100x25
M 2.47
e= N = 5.17 =0.48 m
e 0.48
= 0.25 =1.92 big eccentricity
t
t .25
es= e+ 2 -cover = 0.48+ -0.03=0.575 m
2

Mus =Nu x es =1.4x5.17x0.575= 4.16 t.m N2

Mu
d=c1√f →22
cu x b
Φ=45
4.16x105 N2
=c1√ →C1=5.39→ J=0.826
250 x 100
Fig. (2) Moment resisted by dome
4.16x105 1.4x5.17x103
As = 0.826x3600x22 - 3600 = 4cm2
( )
1.15

A 4
Asm = β s = 0.85 = 4.76 cm2 Choose 5 ϕ 12 m’
cr

- Ring Beam 50x80 cm2

Ring Beam B2 resist an outward thrust force plus the shear force at the cylindrical wall.
t
H=N2 +Qmax = 5.17+3.1= 8.27 m’

Tmax =HR=8.27x6=49.62 t
1.4x49.62x103
As = 3600 = 2.22 cm2 Choose 14 ϕ 16
( )
1.15

1.4x49.62x103 kg
ft = 50x80+10x27.75 =16.24< ft =18 cm2

Ok safe

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Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

1.4 Conical floor.

Conical floor subjected to Meridian force Ns and Ring tension Nθ. If we find the vertical
component of total loads at section we can find the meridian force at that section with
triangular functions (Sin, Cos...).

@ Section 1

Ns =5.17√2=7.3 t/m’
Nϕ =R2 Pr = R2 [water pressure + g cos(ϕ)] 6 √2

g = Dead load of cone= γc x tc 5 √2

2
=2.5x.4=1 t/m
1 4 √2
1 ’
Nθ =6√2 (1x6.5+1x ) =61.15 t/m 1
2
√2 3
Φ=45
@ Section 2
3
wt of wall + wt of cone + water
Ns = [ ] √2
πD
Fig. (4) Sections in Cone
π(12+10) 2 2 6.5+7.5
5.17xπx12+ { } x1 √ 2x1+π(6 -5 )( 2 )
2
=[ ] √2
πx10

= 15.46√2= 21.86 t/m

1
Nθ = R2 Pr =5√2(1x7.5+1x ( ) =58.03t/m’
√2

@ Section 3
12+8 6.5+8.5
5.17xπx12+πx ( 2 ) x2√2x1+π(62 -42 ) ( 2 ) x1
NS = [ ] √2
πx8

t
= 30.04√2 ≅ 42.5
m’
1
Nθ =R2 Pr =4√2 [1x8.5+1x ( )] =40.77 t/m’
√2
30.04
Hcone = tan(45) =30.04 t/m’ → Reaction of Dome at Circular Beams

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Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

How to Design the Tank?

Moment distribution method used to calculate moments at rigidly connected members
(Cone, Dome and Circular Beam B3). First we calculate the Fixed End Moment (F.E.M) by
the equations mentioned in Prof. Dr. Mohamed Hilal Handbook and calculate the
stiffness of each member. Then get the final moment at each member. We should note that
stiffness of circular beam taken into account in order to calculate relative stiffness but its
moment is zero. Hence we get the balanced moment at point b in order to have equilibrium
at that point.
D=12 m

h=12.5

S = 6√2x2√2=5.66
6.5 m
l =6√2=8.5
ϕ = 45
1 h = 12.5 m
sin ϕ = cos ϕ = ϕ = 45
√2

t=40 cm
6m
p=5.17 t/m' concentrated load
g = γc tc =25x.4=1 t/m2

K3 =1.3068 √(tan(45) )/0.4 = 2.07

1x5.662 0.167 8.52 5.17x8.5

E ∆r° = [1- (1- 2 )] x0.5x1+ x1
0.4 2x0.5 5.66 0.4
1x5.66 12.5 0.167 12.5
+ x[ 5.66 (0.71 -5.66) + 2x5.66 +( 0.71 {8.52 -5.662 }
0.4

2 8.562
- 3 {(8.52 -5.662 )}] x 0.5= 48.4 + (1x5.662 )/0.4) (0.5 (1- (5.662 ) ) x 0.5

= 48.4+109.9+3446.25= 3604.5

1x5.662 8.52 1
Eθ° = [ 0.5 {1- ( 2 ) +0.167-(2+0.167)x0.5}] x
0.4 5.66 0.71
5.17x8.5 0.71 1
-[ x( )] + [ (3x5.662 x0.71-2x12.5)] x 1
0.4x5.66 0.5 0.4
1 12.5 0.71
-[ { (8.52 -5.662 )+ (8.53 -5.663 )}] x1 = -174.2-27.6+42.3= -159.4
0.4 2x5.66 3x5.66

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Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

0.4x0.71 .71
M= 3 x (3604- x1-159.41) = 20.7 m.t
2x5.66x2.07 x0.5 2.07
S=2x0.43 x2.07= 0.265

1.5 Floor Dome

Ignoring shaft and consider a dome R=4.
2 12m
R2 +Y2 4+1.1
a= = 2x1.1 =7.8 m
2Y
1.1 m
A=2πaY=2xπx7.8x1.1 ≅ 54 m2
H R=4 m
X=√7.8 -4 =6.7 m2 2 ϕ

Assume that the thickness of dome at footing 30 cm and at

crown 15 cm. The Dome resisting its own weight and water P
pressure x

t a
o.w @ crown = γc tD =2.5x.15=0.375
m2
o.w @ footing = γc xtD =2.5x0.3= 0.75 t/m2
(0.375+0.75)
average weight= [ ] x 54 =30.4 t
2

Total water pressure = volume of water x γw

Fig. (6) Forces in Floor Dome
=(πx42 x8.5-28)x1= 398.6 t

Total weight=30.4+398.6= 429 t

However loads and different from that at roof dome. But, stress in roof dome are
compressive stresses due to meridian & Ring tension.
@ Crown.
Pa
Nϕ = Nθ = 2
[(8.5−1.1)+0.375] x 7.8 t H Dome
.Nϕ =Nθ = = 30.3 ϕ
2 m’

@ Footing
429 429
[
𝜋𝐷
] 429 ’
= 17 t/m’
𝜋𝐷
Nϕ = = 4 =33.3 t/m
cos(ϕ) πx8x
7.8 Fig. (7) Reactions of Dome
6.7 t
Nϕ =a Pr - Nϕ = 7.8 (8.5x1x0.75x 7.8) -33.3= 38.025 m’

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Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank
h = 15.2 m
a=7.8 m h=15.2 m
v = 0.167= 1/6 (Poisson’s ratio)
t0 =0.15 m 8.5 m
t=0.3 m
t
g° =0.375 m2

g=0.75 t/m2 h = 15.2 m

w=1t/m2

ϕ=30° 50’ 16’’ = 0.538 →radians

6.7 m
sin ϕ= 0.513
cos ϕ = 0.859

sin2 ϕ =0.263 ϕ
cos2 ϕ =0.737

7.8
K2 =1.3068√ =6.66
0.3 Fig. (8) Reactions of Dome

0.375x7.8 1+0.167 0.3-0.15

E∆r0 = [ (0.15-0.3x0.859- ) -0.3x0.859] 𝑥 0.513 +
0.15x0.3 0.263 0.583
1x7.83 (1-0.167)x15.2 -0.859+ 1+0.167 (0.859+ 1 )
[ 2x7.8 3 1.859 ] x 0.513
0.4

= -694.7+301.9= -392.

0.375x7.8 0.3-0.15 1.167x0.15

Eθ° = [{ x0.859-2.167x0.3x0.513 + }
0.15x0.3 0.583 (0.3x0.583x0.263)
0.3
+ {0.15x0.3x0.513- x0.859x0.263}
1.167
1𝑥7.83 0.15 15.2 1 1 0.15 15.2
{0.513+ 0.3x0.538 (1.167) (7.8x2 - 3 x0.859+ 1+0.859 - 0.3x0.538 ( 7.8 -0.859))} ]
0.15𝑥0.3

=260.5+10.5=271
0.3 392.8 7.8
M=- 2 (- 0.513 - 6.66 x271) =3.66mt
2x6.66
6.66
S=2x0.33 x =0.046
7.8

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 Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

1.6 Circular Beam

b =50cm t = 120cm R=4m

bt3 0.5x1.23
S=0.972 x 2 =0.972x =0.05
R 42

1
Positive Direction
1 4

2 3 4

2 3

Fig. (9) Straining Action

Member Cone Dome

Stiffness 0.265 0.046
D.F 0.73 .127
F.E.M. -20.7 +3.66
-17.04
D.M +12.44 +2.16
Final Moment -8.26 +5.82

Torsional moment of circular beam due to unbalanced moment

0.052
= -17.04 x ( ) = -2.46 m.t
0.265+0.043+0.052
Notes:

 From the fig the positive moment is always with the tension side at top.
 When using moment distribution method Assume a positive sign (clockwise or
counter clock wise ) and determine whether moment In the diagram +or –
 Stiffness of circular beam taken into account for calculating D.F. because the
moment Beam (Mtorsion) needed.
 No F.E.M for circular beam.

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 Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

1.7 Design of Sections

1.7.1 Sec 1-1
t
Nϕ =61.15
m’
t=40 cm
Tu 1.4x61.15x103
As= fy = 3600 =227.34 cm2
( ) =
γs 1.15

27.34
Asoneside = =13.67 cm2
2
13.67
Asm = = 18.23cm2 choose 8 ϕ 18/m’
0.75

1.4x61.15x103
σt = 100x40+10x18.23 =20.5 kg/cm3 Not safe

Increase Dimensions
t=45 σt =18.2 safe

1.7.2 Sec 2-2

Mϕ = -8.25 t.m/m’

Water section Nϕ = -42.5 t/m’

-42.5x103 6x8.25x105
ft = - = -33.9 kg/cm2
100x45 100x452

Mϕ 8.25
e= (N ) = 24.5 =0.194 m
ϕ

e 0.194
= =0.43<0.5 small eccentricity.
t 0.45

from table 5-1a page 260 from Elbehairy R.C Handbook → ftm =95> ft =33.9 safe

1.7.3 Sec 3-3

m t t
Mϕ =+5.82 t. m’ Nϕ =-3.33 m’ Nθ =39.025 m’

t=30 cm
-3.33x103 6x5.82x105
ft = + =27.7 kg/cm2
100x30 100x302
Mϕ 5.82
e= M = 33.3 =0.175
θ

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 Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

e 0.175
= =0.583>0.5 big eccentricity.
t 0.3

From table
kg
ftcu =95 cm2 >ft ok safe

N 38.025x103
σc = A θ = =12.675 <Fct
c 100x30

0.4
As=As’ =0.4 % Ac= 100 x(100x30)=12 cm2

use 6 ϕ 16 / m'
5 ϕ 12/m’ longitudinal

1.7.4 Sec 4-4

Nϕ =Nθ =30.3 Safe
Use the same as at the foot ring
30x103
σc =σt = 100x15 =20.2 kg/cm2 Safe

σc all=95 kg/cm2

1.7.5 Design of circular Beam

Beam supported on columns

V=VDome +Vcone =17+30.04=47.04 t/m’

H=Hdome + Hcone = -30.04 +28.6= - 1.44 t/m’ (Compression)
C =-1.44 x 4 = - 5.76t
From Prof. Dr. Shaker Elbehairy R.C Design Handbook page 132
P=2πr.g

g=o.w +V= γc b t + V=2.5x.5x1.2x47.04 = 48.54 t/m’

P=2πx4x48.54= 1220 t total vertical columns

From tables
P 1220
Qmax = 16 = = 76.25 t
16

Mmax +ve =0.0042 pv = 0.0042x1220x4=20.5 t.m

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 Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

Mmax -ve = -0.0083 p.r = -0.0083x1220x4= -40.5 t.m

due to un balanced moment = -2.46 m. t
Mt { 0.0006 pv =2.928 m.t

1.7.5.1 Sec 1-1

M=-40.5 ton
C=-5.76 ton
B=150cm
A=50x120+2x30x50=9000 cm3
50x120+2x30x50x15
Y’ = 50x120x2x30x15 =45 cm

50x1203 50x303
Ix = +50x120x(60-45)2 +(2x +2x30x50 x(45-15)2 =11.475x106 cm4
12 12
N M -5.76x103 40.5x105
fct = A ± I x y = - 11.475x106 x45= -16.53 < 17.6 safe
x 9000

M 40.5
e= N = 5.76 =7.03
e 7.03
= =5.86>0.5 big ecc
t 1.2
es =e+d-z=7.03+1.15-0.45=7.73m
z=y’ =45 cm
d=115 cm
Mu =Nu .es =1.4x5.76x7.73= 62.33
M 62.33x105
d=c1 √f Bu → 115= c1 √ 250x150
c

C1=8.92 →J=.826 2
62.33x105 1.4x5.76x103 1
As = .826x3600x115 - 3600 = 15.65
1.15
15.65 2
ASm = =20.87 cm2 choose 9 ϕ 18 1
0.75

1.7.5.2 Sec 2-2

M=+20.5
N=+5.76
5.76x103 20.5x105 8.68kg 18kg
ft = + 11.475x106 x45= < cm2 safe section
9000 cm2
M 20.5
e= M = 5.76 =3.55-1.15+0.45=2.85
Mus =Nues =1.4x5.76x2.85=22.98 mt

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 Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

M 22.98x105
d=c1 √f Bu →115√ 250x150
c

C1 =14.69 → J=0.826
2290x105 1.4x5.76x103
As= 0.826x3600x115 + 3600 =9.3 cm2
1.15

9.3
Asm= 0.8 = 11.82
choose 6 ϕ 16
1.7.5.3 Shear Design
Qu
qu =
bd
Qu =1.4x76.25=106.75 t
106.75x103 kg
qu = =18.57 2
50x115 cm
kg
qall =19 2 ok
cm
use 4 braches at the breadth of the beam more than 40 cm
use 5ϕ10’m 4 branches
Torsion Design
3m 3x2.982x105
qt = b2 t = =2.982<16kg /cm2 ok
502 x120

No web resistance due torsion needed

500 mm

6 ϕ 16

900 mm

9 ϕ 18

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 Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

1.8 Lateral Load Analysis and Design

1.8.1 Wind loads
Calculating the applied vertical loads
Wt of full container = 1220 ton
Wt of fall container per column = 1220/8 = 152.5 t
Wt of water = volume x γw =853x1= 853 ton
853
Wt of water per column = = 106.625 ton
8
Length of column or start has weight of 0.75 t/m
ℓ = 0.383 D
Level Column Strut Weight total Cum total
Weight
0-I 4.5 2.298 6.798 6.798
I-II 4.5 2.585 7.085 13.883
II-III 4.5 2.873 7.373 21.256
III-IV 4.5 3.159 7.659 28.915
IV-V 6 3.447 9.447 38.362
∑ - - - 38.362

O.w of water tank per column @ 0-0

=container – water = 152.5-106.625=45.875t
Total weight per column @ V-V =106.625+45.875+38.362=190.862 t

Assume pressure =𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐠/𝐦𝟐

Element Area Y from 0-0 A.y

Lantern 1x1.5 11.5 17.25
Upper dome 12.5x1.5 10 187.5
Cylinder 12.5x6.5 8.5 690.625
Cone (12.8+8.6)/2 x2 2 42.8
Ring Beam 8.6x1 .5 4.3
∑ 131.5 - 942.475

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 Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

Total wind force = ∑Area x pressure = 131.5x100= 13150 kg = 13.15 ton

942.475
y= =7.17 m
131.5
Y → center of gravity of container (the point at which wind force concentrated )

1.8.1.1 Wind force on staging

wind force per meter=widthxpressure0.6x0.15=0.06 t
Horizontal
Level Hz force of wind Result
0-0 8x3x0.06 1.44
I-I (8x6+9x2)x0.06 3.96
II-II (8x6+10x2)x0.06 4.08
III-III (8x6+11x2)x0.06 4.2
IV-IV (8x6+12x2)x0.06 4.32
V-V No Hz force at foundation -

Vertical
Level Ht Mw (m.t) Resist Cum r Vmax
Mw Mw
0-0 1.44 13.15
I-I 3.96 14.59 13.15(7.17+3)+1.44x3 138.06 138.06 8.5 4.06
II-II 4.01 18.55 14.59x6+3.96x3 99.42 237.48 9.5 6.25
III-III 4.2 22.63 18.55x6+4.08x3 123.54 361.02 10.5 8.6
IV-IV 4.32 26.83 22.63x6+4.2x3 148.38 509.4 11.5 11.1
V-V - 31.13 26.83x6+4.32x4 173.94 683.34 12.65 13.5

Total vertical at columns

Level Vertical force Result Wind vertical Total vertical
0-I 152.5+6.798 159.298 ±4.06 163.36
I-II 159.298+7.085 166.383 ±6.25 172.63
II-III 166.383+7.373 173.756 ±8.60 182.37
III-IV 173.756+7.659 181.415 ±11.1 192.52
IV-V 181.425+9.477 190.862 ±13.5 204.36

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 Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

Horizontal and max B.M at columns

Level Hz per column Max Bending moment
0-I 14.59/8 1.824 1. 824x3 5.472
I-II 18.55/8 2.319 2.319x3 6.957
II-III 22.63/8 2.829 2.829x3 8.487
III-IV 26.83/8 3.354 3.354x3 10.062
IV-V 31.13/8 3.891 3.891x4 154.564

Straining action at struts

For plan the plane frame of octagonal staging all forces are multiplied by 0.146. For more
information review Dr. Mohamed Hilal Handbook

13.15 t
10 m

1.44 t

V1 t 6m

3.96 t

40 m
V2 t 6m
4.08 t

V3 t 6m
4.2 t

V4 t
6m
4.32 t

V5 t 6m

Fig. (10) Wind Analysis of Inze tank

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 Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

Level Wind in struts Result

0-0 - -
I-I 0.146x3.96 0.578
II-II 0.146x4.08 0.596
III-III 0.146x4.2 0.613
IV-IV 0.146x4.3 0.628

Note that at level 0-0 there is a ring beam not struts.

13.15+1.44
V1 = x0.146=1.065
2
14.59+3.96
V2 = x0.146=1.354
2
18.55+4.08
V3 = x0.146=1.652
2
22.63+4.2
V4 = x0.146 =1.959
2
26.83+4.32
V5 = x0.146=2.274
2
Moment in struts
Level Moment Result
I-I 1.065x3+1.354x3 7.257
II-II 1.354x3+1.652x3 9.018
III-III 1.652x3+1.959x3 10.018
IV-IV 1.959x3+2.274x3 14.976

1.8.2 Seismic Loads.

1.8.2.1 Calculating weights of tank elements.
W1 = A t γc = 119.6x0.15x2.5 = 44.85 t
W2 = π D b t γc = πx12x0.5x0.15x2.5 = 7.07 t
W3 = π D bw tw γc = πx12x0.25x6.5x2.5 = 153.15 t
𝐷1+𝐷2 12+8
W4 = π ℓcone t γc = π x2√2 x0.45x2.5 = 99.96 t
2 2

W5 = 54x0.3x2.5 = 40.5 t
W6 = πx8x1.2x0.5x2.5 = 37.70 t
W7 = πx12x0.5x0.8x2.5 = 37.7 t
W8 = 4.5+4.5+4.5+4.5+6 = 24 t

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 Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

W9 = 8x0.383x[8 + 9 + 10 + 11] = 116.432 t

Weight of empty container = W1+W2+W3+W4+W5+W6+w7
= 420.93 t
Weight of Staging = W8+W9 = 140.432 t
1 1
ms = Weight of Structure (Mass Source) = Wc+3 Ws = 420.93+3 x 140.432 = 467.74 t

1.8.2.2 Center of Gravity of tank & parameters.

Y = [44.85x11.05+7.07x9.625+153.15x6.45+99.96x2.2+37.7(2.25x0.6)+40.5x2.12]/420.93= 4.46 m
Weight of Water = 853 t
D = 12 m
From ECP-203 clause 10-6-1-3 tank with irregular shape converted to an equivalent circular
tank with the same Diameter.
𝜋 𝐷2 𝜋 122
853 = h= x h → h = 7.542 m
4 4

h/D = 7.542/12 = 0.63

From shape in page 189 spring parameters can be determined as follows.
𝑚𝑖
= 0.65 → 𝑚𝑖 = 0.65x853 = 554.45 t
𝑚
𝑚𝑐
= 0.38 → 𝑚𝑐 = 0.38x853 = 554.45 t
𝑚
ℎ𝑖
= 0.4 → ℎ𝑖 = 0.4x7.542 = 3.02 m
ℎ
ℎ𝑐 ℎ∗𝑖
= = 0.68 → ℎ𝑐 = ℎ ∗𝑐 = 0.68x7.542 = 5.13 m
ℎ ℎ
Assume that Lateral Stiffness for the tank equals 8-10 ms
8+10
Ks = x467.74 = 4206.99 t/m2/m
2

𝑚𝑖 +𝑚𝑠 554.45+467.74
T𝑖 = 2π√ = 2π√ = 3.1 sec.
𝑘𝑠 4209.66

𝐷
T𝑐 = Cc√𝑔 → for h/D=0.63 → Cc = 3.25 sec.

1.8.2.3 Response Spectrum Design.

Subsoil Class = C @ Second Region.
R = 2.5 γ=1 ag = 1.227 S = 1.5

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 Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

TB = 0.1 Tc = 0.25 TD = 1.2

2.5 0.25𝑥1.2
Sd(Ti) = 1.227x1x1.5x2.5x[ ]= 0.0575
3.12

2.5 0.25𝑥1.2
Sd(Tc) = 1.227x1x1.5x2.5x[ ]= 0.0426
3.62
2.5
Sv(Tc) = 1.227x1x1.5x2.5 = 1.841

Where T = 0.3 for all Types of tanks.

Basic Shear.
Vi = Sd(Ti) (mi+ms) = 0.0575(554.45+467.74) = 58.78 t
Vc = Sd(Tc) mc = 0.0426x324.14 = 13.8 t

V = √Vi2 +Vc2 = √58.782 +13.82 =60.38 t

Basic Moment.

M*i = Sd(Ti) {mi (h*i +hs )+ms xhc.g } = 0.0575 {554.45(5.13+32)+467.74x4.46} = 1303.67
m.t
M*c = Sd(Tc) mc (h*c + hs) = 0.0426x324.14(5.66+32) = 520.02 m.t

M* = √M*i2 +M*c2 = √520.022 +1307.72 = 1403.6 m.t

For Staging the stiffness’s of columns are the same. Therefore Earthquake forces distributed
by the same value or equally.
1403.6
M*/each Column = = 175.45 m.t
8
6038
V*/each Column = = 7.5475 t
8

Hydrodynamic Pressure.
Maximum pressure occurs at the base of the tank wall.
@ y=0 → ϕ=0
Piw = Qiw(y) Sd(Ti) ρ h Cosϕ
𝑦 0 ℎ
@ Base ℎ = 7.542 = 0 & 𝐷 = 0.63 → Qiw = 0.45

Piw = 0.45x0.0575x1x7.542x1 = 0.195 t

1
Pcw = Qcw(y) Sd(Tc) ρ D (1-3 Cos2 ϕ )Cosϕ

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 Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

@ Base y=0 → Qcw=0.11

1
Pcw = 0.11x0.0426x1x12 [1 − 3 𝑥1]x1 = 0.0375 t

Pww = Sd(Ti) t ρ m = 0.0575x0.25x2.5 = 0.0359 t

𝑦
Pv = Sv(T) ρ h (1-ℎ) / R

@ Base y=0 → Sv(T) = 1.841

1.841𝑥1𝑥7.542(1−0)
Pv = = 5.554 t
2.5

Pmax = √(Piw+Pcw)2 +Pww2 +Pv2 = √(0.195+0.0375)2 +0.03592 +5.5542 = 5.559 t

Max Hydrodynamic pressure at the wall of the tank is approximately equal to the maximum
pressure due to gravity loads and. Hence, considered safe.

1.9 Design of Staging Elements.

The Staging may be designed as a Shaft with a concrete slab at level from 0-V or as columns
as a preliminary design. However, tank is mainly supported by columns but shaft considered
as a logical solution for the seismic loads at the base are very large.

1.9.1 Design of staging for Wind.

M=15.564 m.t N=204.36 t
Mu=21.79 m.t Nu=286.1 t
M 15.564
e= M = 204.36 =0.0762 500 mm

use I.D
Pu
→→ use b x t =500x500 mm2
f bt
cu
Pu 286.1x104
= =0.46 500 mm
fu b t 25x500x500
Mu 21.79x107
= =0.07
fcu b t2 25x500x5002
t-2d’ 500-2x25
ζ= = =0.9
t 500
16 ϕ 20
∝=1
uniform steel
∴ρ=8
μ=8x25x10-4 =0.02
Astotal =μ x b x t=0.02x500x500=5000
use 16 ϕ 20 (5026m2 )

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 Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

0.8
Asmin =0.8% Ac= 100 x500x500=2000mm2 OK Safe

1.9.2 Design of Staging for Earthquake.

Shaft Designed as a Hollow Core Circular Column with I.D or With SAP2000 as follows.
M=1403.6 m.t N=204.361634.88 t
Dinner = 8 m
Using the thickness of wall as 50 cm → Douter = 7.5 m
Pu 1634.88𝑥103
= = 0.011
fcu 𝐴𝑐 25x6083750

Mu 1403.6𝑥106
= 25x6083750x4250 = 0.03
fcu 𝐴𝑐 𝑟
𝑟𝑖
ζ = 0.95 & = 0.94 → ρ = 1
𝑟

Then use minimum area of steel.

@ Outer diameter use 126 ϕ 12
@ Inner diameter use 118 ϕ 12

r'
As total =244 ϕ 12

8m

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 Reinforced Concrete Structures Analysis and Design of Inze Tank

References

ECCS 203-2007, “The Egyptian Code the Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Structures”,
Housing and Building Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
ECCS 201-2013, “The Egyptian for Calculating loads and forces for Building and Structures”, Housing
and Building Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Mohamed Hilal, “Design of Reinforced Concrete Tanks” Marcou & Co, 1988, Cairo University ,
Giza, Egypt.
Mashhour Ghoneim & Mahmoud El-Mihilmy, “Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures”,
Volume 1, Cairo University, 2014, Giza, Egypt.
Mashhour Ghoneim & Mahmoud El-Mihilmy, “Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures”,
Volume 2, Cairo University, 2014, Giza, Egypt.
Awad Elmansy, “Design of Reinforced Concrete Tanks”, Nile Academy for Sciences &
Technology, 2016, Mansoura, Egypt.

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