DETEKSI MIKROFILARIA PADA NYAMUK CULEX BERDASARKAN TINGKAT

MICROFILARIA RATE

Wina Rimawati1, Sayono1, Mifbakhuddin1

1
Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Filariasis limfatik merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Mikrofilaria

diperkirakan telah menginfeksi 700 orang di dunia, sebanyak 60 juta orang di antaranya (64%)
terdapat di Asia Tenggara termasuk Indonesia. Penyakit ini ditularkan melalui nyamuk khususnya
genus Culex. Deteksi keberadaan mikrofilaria pada nyamuk vektor akan mendukung program
pengendalian vektor yang tepat sasaran. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui perbedaan proporsi infeksi
mikrofilaria pada nyamuk Culex di daerah Mf Rate tinggi dengan di daerah Mf Rate rendah.
Metode: Sampel nyamuk diperoleh dari lokasi survey rumah penderita filariasis dan sekitarnya.
Penangkapan nyamuk menggunakan metode Man Biting Hour. Spesies nyamuk yang ditangkap
diidentifikasi. Keberadaan mikrofilaria dideteksi dengan metode pembedahan. Hasil: Ada tiga
spesies nyamuk yang tertangkap, yaitu Cx. quinquefasciatus (90,0%), Cx. pseudovishnui (8,5%),
dan Ae. aegypti (1,5%). Nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus dalam rumah mempunyai kepadatan paling
tinggi dibanding dengan spesies yang lain, baik di Kelurahan Banyurip Ageng yaitu 13,56
ekor/orang/jam dan di kelurahan Jenggot yaitu 2,00 ekor/orang/jam. Sebaran nyamuk Cx.
quinquefasciatus 58,7% di Kelurahan Jenggot dan 99,4% di Kelurahan Banyurip Ageng.
Mikrofilaria tidak terdeteksi dari seluruh sampel. Kesimpulan: tiga spesies nyamuk yang
ditemukan adalah Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. pseudovishnui, dan Ae. aegypti, dengan kepadatan
lebih tinggi di dalam rumah. Penelitian ini belum berhasil mendeteksi mikrofilaria dari seluruh
sampel nyamuk.
Kata kunci: nyamuk Culex, keberadaan mikrofilaria, tingkat Mf Rate
Kepustakaan: 26, 2000-2012

ABSTRACT

Background: Lymphatic Filariasis is one of public health's problems. Microfilaria is estimated

has infected 700 million people in the world, 60 million (64%) are in South East Asia, including
Indonesia. This disease is transmitted by mosquito, especially by genus Culex. Presence detection
of microfilaria of vector mosquitoes will support vector controlling program which is going to be
more effective. Aims: For knowing the difference of microfilaria infection proportion of Culex
mosquitoes in between high Mf rate area and low Mf rate area. Methods: The mosquito samples
were collected from survey location of filariasis patient residence and its neighborhood. The
mosquito-capturing was using Man Biting Hour method. Then, the captured mosquitoes was
indentified. The presence of microfilaria was dicovered by dissection. Result: There were 3
mosquitoes species collected, they were Cx. quinquefasciatus (90,0%), Cx. pseudovishnui (8,5%),
and Ae. aegypti (1,5%). The Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes inside the residence building had the
highest density compare to the other species, whether in Banyurip Ageng sub-district which was
only 13,56 mosquitoes/person/hour and in Jenggot sub-district which was only 2,00
mosquitoes/person/hour. The spread rates of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were 58,7% in
Jenggot sub-district and 99,4% in Banyurip Ageng sub-district. Microfilaria was undetected from
the entire mosquitoes samples. Conclusion: 3 mosquiotes species found were Cx.
quinquefasciatus, Cx. pseudovishnui, and Ae. aegypti, with highest density was inside the
residence building. This research has not succeeded in detecting microfilaria from the entire
mosquitoes samples.