UNIT N°01 : ILL GOTTEN

GAINS NEVER PROSPER

‫ملخص اللغة االنجليزية‬ Expressing condition using « providing (that) / provided / as long as / so long as » :

3AS
providing (that)/provided + present simple => future
English Summary
{ }
Providing (that)
Provided (that)
Future + => Present simple
As long as
So long as
E.g : you’ll succed in your exams , providing that you work hard
== : providing that you work hard , you’ll succed in your exams

Expressing regret and desire :

1) Expressing regret about the past :
I wish + subject + (past perfect)
e.g : I wish i had studied better last year
2) Expressing regret about the present :
I wish + subject + (past simple)
e.g : we say : I wish i were home
Prepared By we don’t say : I wish i was home
‫انفوغرافيا‬
Mrs : Sid .A : ‫تحت رعاية‬ Note : to be => were not was
3) Expressing desire for change in the future :
I wish you would stop smoking soon
But when we talk about ourselves we say : i wish i could stop smoking soon
‫جمعية االصالح الثقايف و االجتامعي‬
‫شاللة العذاورة‬
 Passive/active voice :
Active: The teacher explains the lesson.

UNIT N°02 : (subject) (active verb) (object)

SAFETY FIRST Passive: The lesson is

(verb to be)
explained
(past participle)
by the teacher
(the agent)
Active tenses and their passive equivalents:

Simple present
Expressing possibilty : Is / are + past participle
If/ suppose + present simple => future Active: Karim cleans the room every morning.
e.g : if you eat too much food , you’ll put on weight Passive: The room is cleaned by Karim every morning.
Simple past
Was / were + past participle
Expressing cause/ effect : Active: Karim cleaned the room yesterday.

}
Passive: The room was cleaned by Karim yesterday.
Because Present perfect
Since Has / have + been + past participle
+ subject + verb => result
As Active: Karim has cleaned the room.
For Passive: The room has been cleaned by Karim.

}
Past perfect
Because of Had + been + past participle
Owing to Active: Karim had cleaned the room.
+ noun phrase => result Passive: The room had been cleaned by Karim.
Due to
Thanks to Present continuous
Is / are + being + past participle
Active: Karim is cleaning the room.
Quantifiers : Passive: The room is being cleaned by Karim.
Past continuous
Many / few => countable nouns
Was / were + being + past participle
Much/little => uncountable nouns
Active: Karim was cleaning the room.
( Enough / some / no / any / a lot of ) + countable / uncountable Passive: The room was being cleaned by Karim.
Future simple
Vocabulary : Will/shall be + past participle
We can form adjectives by adding « y » to some words Active: Karim will clean the room tomorrow.
e.g : salt => salty Passive: The room will be cleaned by Karim tomorrow.
sugar => sugery
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 Expressing advice using « had better » :
Had better = ought to = should
Had better + Verb UNIT N°03 : IT’S A GIANT

}
E.g : students had better start revision now , or they might fail
I
It /he /she
‘d better + verb
LEAP FOR MAN KIND
We/you
They
e.g : you’d better work harder
the negative form : had better not + verb
e.g : You are ill , you’d better not go to work today Expressing function :
Used for + Verb + ing
Used to + Verb
Expressing result using « so…that » / « such…that » :
e.g : mobiles are used to communicate with others
so …that = such…that = so = as a result = as a consequence = consequently …etc mobiles are used for communicating with others
so + adj/quantifier + that BUT in question we use only used for
e.g : the lesson was so easy that all student’s have understood it e.g : what are mobiles used for ?
there were so many people that we couldn’t see anything
such + noun or noun phrase (adj+noun) + that
e.g : It was such a lesson that we could all understand it
Asking about measurement :
Weight => how much + do/does + subject + weight ?
Expressing abligation /necessity/prohibition /absence of obligation Length => how long in + subject ?
Period => how long do/does + subject + take … ?
we express obligation using « must » Distance => how far is A from B ?
e.g :you must do your homework Tall => how tall is … ?
we express necessity using « have to » Width => how wide is … ?
e.g : student have to revise their lessons Depth => how deep is … ?
she has to revise her lessons Speed => how fast is … ?
we express prohibition using « mustn’t »
e.g : Students mustn’t use mobiles in the classroom
we express absence of obligation using « don’t have to » or « don’t need to » Vocabulary
e.g : students don’t have to switch off their mobiles in the street but they must switch it off in We can form nouns by adding suffixes like « tion-er-ing-ment to some verbs »
the classroom e.g : to produce => production or producer
to advertise => advertisement

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Pronunciation and spelling : Reported Speech/Indirect Speech:
Words which end in ic/ics/tion/sion generally carry stress on the penultimate syllable (second from
the end)
e.g : eco/’no/mic
VERBS
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Words which end in y/ical generally carry stress on the anti-penultimateo syllable (third from the Simple Present (he goes)……………………….. Simple Past (he went)
end) Present Continuous (he is going)…………… Past Continuous (he was going)
e.g : ‘lo/gi/cal ge/’o/lo/gy pub/’li/ci/ty Simple Past (he went) ………………………….. Past Perfect (he had gone)
The pronunciation of the final s Present Perfect (he has gone) ……………… Past Perfect (he had gone)
Past Perfect (he had gone) ………………….. Past Perfect (he had gone)
/s/ /z/ /iz/
Future (shall/will…) ……………………………….. Conditional (should/would)
/p/ /t/ /k/ other sounds /s/ /z/ /sh/
/th/ /f/ /ch/ /z/
/dz / MODAL VERBS
Direct Speech Reported Speech
can ………………………............................................. could
may................................................................................... might
might …………………………................................... might
Expressing similarities /differnces : could ………………...................................................... could
would …………………................................................ would
Similarities Differnces
should ……………………………….......................... should
A and B are the same / alike / similar A and B are differnet / unlike / disimilar ought to .......................................................................... ought to
Both A and B are .... /neither A nor B is ... A differs / is different from B must ................................................................................ must (regulations/prohibitions/probability)
A is the same as /similar to / like / resembles B .......................................................................................... had to (present necessity or obligation)
A is as ... as B

Expressing supposition hypothesis :

OTHER WORDS
If + past simple => would + verb here – there tonight – that night
this – that tomorrow – the next day/the following day
e.g : if you were an astronomer , what would you do ?
these – those yesterday – the day before
now – then last week/month/year – the week/
Expressing supposition hypothesis : today – that day month/year before
Stress in two syllabic verbs generally falls on the second syllable ago - before
e.g : pro/’ject (verb)
stress in two syllabic noun generally falls on the first syllable
e.g : ‘project (noun)

6 ‫بالتوفيق‬
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