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How do you find atomic radius given the density?

Chemistry Measurement Density

1 Answer

Ernest Z.
Jun 1, 2016 Related questions
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3
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4 3 See all questions in Density

Vatom = πr .
3

The atom occupies the whole cube, so its effective volume is

Impact of this question
3
Veff = a3 = (2r) = 8r3
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world

The packing efficiency is

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4 4
Vatom 3
π r3 3
π π
= = = = 0.5236
Veff 8 r3 8 6

That is, the atom fills only 52.36 % of the unit cell.

Experimentally, the effective volume of an atom is

1 cm3 lPo 209 g Po 1 mol Po

Veff = × ×
9.32 g Po 1 mol Po 6.022 × 1023 latoms Po

= 3.723 × 10-23 lcm3 /atom Po

Vatom
But = 0.5236
Veff
∴ Vatom = 0.5236Veff = 0.5236 × 3.723 × 10-23 lcm3 = 1.950 × 10-23 lcm3

4 3
πr = 1.950 × 10-23 lcm3
3

3
r3 = × 1.950 × 10-23 lcm3 = 4.655 × 10-24 lcm3
4π

r = 1.67 × 10-8 lcm = 1.67 × 10-10 lm = 167 × 10-12 lm = 167 pm

The radius of a polonium atom is 167 pm.

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