SRI VENKATESWARA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING: TIRUPATI

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Postgraduate Programme

Scheme of Instruction&Syllabus for choice Based Credit System

(With effect from 2016 - 2017)

M.Tech (Power systems) – II Semester

 EE PSC 201A ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
UNIT-I
General philosophy of protection - Classification and Characteristic function of various
protective relays-basic relay elements and relay terminology - Development of relaying
scheme
Static relays-Advantages of static relays - Basic construction of static relays – Level
detectors – Replica impedance-mixing circuits-general equation for two input phase
and amplitude comparators –Duality between amplitude and phase comparator.

UNIT-II
Static Over Current, Differential and Distance Relays-Introduction-Instantaneous
over current relay – Time over current relays - Basic principles-Definite time and
Inverse definite time over current relays. Analysis of static differential relays – static
relay schemes – Dual bias transformer differential protection – Harmonic restraint
relay. Static Relays: Static impedance – reactance - MHO and angle impedance relay
sampling comparator – realization of reactance and MHO relay using a sampling
comparator
UNIT-III
Digital Protection of power system apparatus – protection of generators –
Transformer protection – magnetizing inrush current – Application and connection of
transformer differential relays – transformer over current protection
UNIT-IV
Bus bar protection - line protection - distance protection–long EHV line protection -
Power line carrier protection
Reactor protection – Protection of boosters - capacitors in an interconnected power
system
UNIT-V
Applications of Digital signal processing – digital filtering in protection relays -
numeric protection – testingDigital filtering in protection relays – digital data
transmission – relay hardware – relayalgorithms - Concepts of modern coordinated
control system
Text Books:
1. B.Ravindranath and M.Chander, Power System Protection and Switchgear, Wiley Eastern,
New Delhi, 1977.
2. Badrinath and D.N.Viswakarma, Power System Protection and Switchgear, Tata McGraw-
Hill, 1995.
3. T.S.M.Rao, Power System Protection: Static relays with microprocessor applications, 2nded,
Tata McGrah-Hill, New delhi,1989.
4. Lewis Blackburn, J., ‘Protective Relaying – Principles and Applications’, Marcel Dekkar, INC,
New York, 2006.
5. The Electricity Training Association, ‘Power System Protection Vol1-4’, The IEE, U.K., 2005.
6. C. Russeil Mason, ‘The art and Science of Protective Relaying’, GE Publishers, 1962.
7. A. T. Johns and S. K. Salman, ‘Digital Protection for Power Systems’, Peter Peregrinus Ltd.,
1997.
8. Arun G Padkye and James S Thorp, ‘Computer Relaying for Power Systems’, John Wiley
publications, 2nd Edition, 2009.
 EE PSC 202A MODERN CONTROL THEORY

UNIT–I
Mathematical Preliminaries: Fields, Vectors and Vector Spaces – Linear combinations and
Bases – Linear Transformationsand Matrices – Scalar Product and Norms – Eigen-values,
Eigen Vectors and a Canonical formrepresentation of Linear operators – The concept of state –
State Equations for Dynamic systems– Time invariance and Linearity – Non-uniqueness of
state model – State diagrams forContinuous-Time State models.
UNIT-II
State Variable Analysis: Linear Continuous time models for Physical systems– Existence and
Uniqueness of Solutions toContinuous-Time State Equations – Solutions of Linear Time
Invariant Continuous-Time StateEquations – State transition matrix and its properties. General
concept of controllability – Generalconcept of Observability – Controllability tests for
Continuous-Time Invariant Systems –Observability tests for Continuous-Time Invariant
Systems – Controllability and Observability ofState Model in Jordan Canonical form –
Controllability and Observability Canonical forms of Statemodel.
UNIT-III
Non Linear Systems: Introduction – Non Linear Systems - Types of Non-Linearities –
Saturation – Dead-Zone -Backlash – Jump Phenomenon etc;– Singular Points – Introduction to
Linearization of nonlinearsystems, Properties of Non-Linear systems – Describing function–
describing function analysis ofnonlinear systems – Stability analysis of Non-Linear systems
through describing functions.
Introduction to phase-plane analysis, Method of Isoclines for Constructing Trajectories,
singular points, phase-plane analysis of nonlinear control systems.
UNIT-IV

Stability Analysis: Stability in the sense of Lyapunov, Lyapunov’s stability and Lypanov’s
instability theorems -Stability Analysis of the Linear continuous time invariant systems by
Lyapunov second method –Generation of Lyapunov functions – Variable gradient method –
Krasooviski’s method. Statefeedback controller design through Pole Assignment – State
observers: Full order and Reduced
order.
UNIT-V

Optimal Control: Introduction to optimal control - Formulation of optimal control problems –

calculus of variations –fundamental concepts, functional, variation of functional – fundamental
theorem of theorem ofCalculus of variations – boundary conditions – constrained minimization
– formulation usingHamiltonian method – Linear Quadratic regulator.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Modern Control System Theory by M.Gopal – New Age International -1984

2. Modern Control Engineering by Ogata.K – Prentice Hall – 1997
3. “Automatic Control System” by Benjamin C. Kuo, Printice Hall of India, 1999
 EE PSC 203 OPERATION & CONTROL OF INTERCONNECTED POWER
SYSTEMS

UNIT-I

Unit Commitment: Introduction, constraints in unit commitment, thermal unit

constraints, unit commitment solution methods, priority-list methods, Dynamic-
Programming solution, forward DP Approach, Lagrange relaxation solution. State
Estimation-Power System State Estimation, Weighted Least Square Estimation, State
Estimation of an AC Network.
UNIT-II

Load Frequency Control: Necessity of keeping frequency constant, definition of

control area, single area control, block diagram representation of an isolated power
system, steady state analysis, dynamic response, uncontrolled case, load frequency
control of 2-area system, uncontrolled case and controlled case, tie-line bias control.

UNIT-III

Generation with Limited Energy Supply: Introduction, take-or-pay fuel supply

contract, composite generation production cost function, solution by gradient search
techniques, hard limits and slack variables, fuel scheduling by linear programming.

UNIT-IV

Hydro thermal Coordination: Introduction, long range hydro scheduling, short-range

hydro-scheduling, hydroelectric plant models, scheduling problems, types of
scheduling problems, scheduling energy, the short term hydro-thermal scheduling
problem, short term hydro scheduling, gradient approach, pumped storage hydro plants,
dynamic programming solution to the hydrothermal scheduling problem.

UNIT-V

Interchange of Power and Energy: Introduction, economy interchange between

interconnected utilities, inter-utility economy energy evaluation, interchange evaluation
with unit commitment, multiple-utility interchange transactions, types of interchange,
capacity interchange, diversity interchange, emergency power interchange, inadvertent
power exchange, power pools, transmission effects and issues, problems.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Power Generation Operation and Control, Allen J. Wood, Bruce F.Wollenberg, 2nd
ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2006.
2. Electrical Energy Systems Theory ,O.I.Elgerd, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Ltd, 2nd edition.

REFERENCES BOOKS
1. Modern Power System Analysis, I.J. Nagrath& D.P. Kothari, TMH,3rd edition, 9th
reprint, 2007.
 EE PSC 204 POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
UNIT-I
Power system stability considerations – definitions-classification of stability - rotor
angle and voltage stability - synchronous machine representation – classical model –
load modeling concepts - modeling of excitation systems - modeling of prime movers

UNIT-II
Transient stability - swing equation-equal area criterion - solution of swing equation-
Numerical methods - Euler method-Runge - Kutta method - critical clearing time and
angle -effect of excitation system and governors-Multimachine stability – extended
equal area criterion - transient energy function approach

UNIT-III
Small signal stability – state space representation – eigen values - modal matrices –
small signal stability of single machine infinite bus system – synchronous machine
classical model representation - effect of field circuit dynamics - effect of excitation
system-small signal stability of multi machine system

UNIT-IV
Voltage stability – generation aspects - transmission system aspects – load aspects – PV
curve – QV curve – PQ curve – analysis with static loads – loadability limit - sensitivity
analysis - continuation power flow analysis - instability mechanisms – examples

UNIT-V
Methods of improving stability – transient stability enhancement – high speed fault
clearing– steam turbine fast valving - high speed excitation systems- small signal
stability enhancement-power system stabilizers – voltage stability enhancement –
reactive powercontrol

TEXT BOOKS
1. Kundur, P., ‘Power System Stability and Control’, McGraw-Hill International
Editions, 1994.
2. Van Cutsem, T. and Vournas, C., ‘Voltage Stability of Electric Power Systems’,
Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 1998.
3. AbhijitChakrabarti, D.P. Kothari, A.K. Mukhopadhyay and Abhinandan De, ‘An
Introductionto Reactive Power Control and Voltage Stability in Power Transmission
Systems’, PHILearning Private Ltd., 2010.
 EE PSE 201 DEREGULATION OF POWER SYSTEMS

UNIT I

INTRODUCTION TO RESTRUCTURING OF POWER INDUSTRY

Introduction: Deregulation of power industry, Restructuring process, Issues involved in
deregulation, Deregulation of various power systems – Fundamentals of Economics:
Consumer behavior, Supplier behavior, Market equilibrium, Short and long run costs,
Various costs of production – Market models: Market models based on Contractual
arrangements, Comparison of various market models, Electricity vis – a – vis other
commodities, Market architecture, Case study.

UNIT II

TRANSMISSION CONGESTION MANAGEMENT

Introduction: Definition of Congestion, reasons for transfer capability limitation,
Importance of congestion management, Features of congestion management –
Classification of congestion management methods – Calculation of ATC - Non –
market methods – Market methods – Nodal pricing – Inter zonal and Intra zonal
congestion management – Price area congestion management – Capacity alleviation
method.

UNIT III

LOCATIONAL MARGINAL PRICES AND FINANCIAL TRANSMISSION

RIGHTS
Mathematical preliminaries: -Locational marginal pricing– Lossless DCOPF model for
LMP calculation – Loss compensated DCOPF model for LMP calculation – ACOPF
model for LMP calculation – Financial Transmission rights – Risk hedging
functionality - Simultaneous feasibility test and revenue adequency – FTR issuance
process: FTR auction, FTR allocation – Treatment of revenue shortfall – Secondary
trading of FTRs – Flow gate rights – FTR and market power - FTR and merchant
transmission investment.

UNIT IV

ANCILLARY SERVICE MANAGEMENT AND PRICING OF TRANSMISSION

NETWORK
Introduction of ancillary services – Types of Ancillary services – Classification of
Ancillary services – Load generation balancing related services – Voltage control and
reactive power support devices – Black start capability service - ancillary service –Co-
optimization of energy and reserve services - International comparison - Transmission
pricing – Principles – Classification – Role in transmission pricing methods – Marginal
transmission pricing paradigm – Composite pricing paradigm – Merits and demerits of
different paradigm.
 UNIT V

REFORMS IN INDIAN POWER SECTOR

Introduction – Framework of Indian power sector – Reform initiatives - Availability
based tariff – Electricity act 2003 – Open access issues – Power exchange – Reforms in
the near future.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mohammad Shahidehpour, MuwaffaqAlomoush, Marcel Dekker, “Restructured
electrical power systems: operation, trading and volatility” Pub., 2001.
2. Kankar Bhattacharya, Jaap E. Daadler, Math H.J. Boolen, “Operation of
restructured power systems”, Kluwer Academic Pub., 2001.
3. Sally Hunt, “Making competition work in electricity”, John Willey and Sons
Inc. 2002.
4. Steven Stoft, “Power system economics: designing markets for electricity”,
John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
 EE PSE 202 : EXPERT SYSTEMS

UNIT-I

Knowledge Representation and Issues:Notational systems : Trees, graphs, hierarchies,

propositional and predicate logics, frames, semantics networks, constraints, conceptual
dependencies, database,knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).

UNIT-II
Search: State-space representations, Depth-first, breadth-first, heuristic search,
Planning and game playing, Genetic algorithms.

UNIT-III
Logical Reasoning and Probabilistic Reasoning : Predicate, Calculus
resolution,completeness, and strategies, Unification, Prolog, monotonic and non-
monotonic reasoning, Probabilistic inference networks, Fuzzy inference rules,
Bayesianrules.Dempster-Shafer Calculus.

UNIT-IV
Learning and Common Sensane Reasoning : Robot actions, strips, triangle tables,
casebased reasoning, spatial and temporal formalisms. Knowledge
acquisition,classification rules, self directed systems.

UNIT-V
Neural Networks and Expert systems : Principles, biological analogies, Training
(techniques and errors), Recognition, Expert Systems, Organization, tools, limits,
examples.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Bratko.I. Prolog, 2nd Ed., Addision-Wesley, 1990.
2. Charniak .E,And McDermott .D.,”Intoduction to Artificial ntelligence”,Adiison-
Wesley, 1987
3. Giarratano.J.,And Riley G.,”Expert Systems principles an Programming” PWS-
KENT,1989.
 EE PSE 203 FACTSAND CUSTOM DEVICES

UNIT-I
FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM: Transmission inter connections, flow
of power in ac systems, loading capability, dynamic stability considerations, basic types
of FACTS controllers.

UNIT-II
STATIC SHUNT COMPENSATORS: Objectives of shunt compensation, static var
compensators, STATCOM configuration, characteristics and control, comparison
between STATCOM and SVC.

UNIT-III
STATIC SERIES COMPENSATION: Objectives of series compensation, Variable
Impedance type series compensators, switching converter type series compensators,
external control for series reactive compensators.

UNIT-IV
UPFC: Principle of operation and characteristics, independent active and reactive
power flow control, comparison of UPFC with the series compensators and phase angle
regulators.
IPFC: Principle of operation and characteristics and control aspects.

UNIT-V
CUSTOM POWER DEVICES: Introduction to custom power devices, DSTATCOM
and DVR operating principles, their applications In Distribution Systems

Text Books:
1. Hingorani ,L.Gyugyi, ‘ Concepts and Technology of flexible actransmission
system’, IEEE Press New York, 2000.
2. K.R.Padiyar, “FACTS controllers in power transmission and distribution”, New age
International Publishers, Delhi, 2007.
 EE PSE 204 INDUSTRIAL DRIVES & CONTROL
UNIT-I
Introduction -Review of switching regulators and switch mode power supplies-
Uninterrupted power supplies- solid state circuit breakers – programmable logic
controllers. Analog Controllers - Proportional controllers, Proportional – Integral
controllers, PID controllers, Feed forward control - Stability of drive.

UNIT-II
Modeling of d.c.motor drives- Transfer function and state-space models.
Experimental determination of drive parameters. Speed control using ac to dc
converters, Input performance parameters, Speed reversal schemes.

UNIT-III
Chopper fed d.c.motor drives- Four quadrant operation. Input filter design. Dynamic
braking with dc chopper. Type-c chopper fed regenerative braking. Operation with non-
receptive lines.

UNIT-IV
Power converters for induction motor speed control- Harmonic behavior of
induction motors-harmonic currents and harmonic torques using per phase equivalent
circuit. Stator voltage control schemes. Speed control of wound type motors.

UNIT-V

State-space modeling of induction motors - Voltage source-Inverter fed operation.

Field oriented control schemes. Current source –inverter drives. Principle of vector
control.

Text Books :
1. Michael Jacob, ‘Industrial Control Electronics – Applications and Design’,
Prentice Hall, 1988.
2. Thyristor DC drives” P.C.Sen, John wilely& sons, New York, 2008.

Reference books:
1. “Electric motor drives-modeling, analysis, and control” R.Krishnan, Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi, 2001.

2. “Modern Power Electronics and AC drives” B.K.Bose, Pearson

Education(Singapore), Fifth Indian reprint,2005.
 EE PSE 205 NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC SYSTEMS
UNIT-I
Biological Neurons and their artificial models, Models of artificial neural networks,
Neural Processing, Learning and adaptation, Neural networks learning rules. Single-
layer Perception networks, Multi layer feed forward networks, Single layer feedback
networks: Back propagation, Learning and training, Hopfield network.

UNIT-II
Neural networks for non-linear systems, Schemes of neuro control, system
identification, Forward model and inverse model, Indirect learning neural network
control applications, Case studies.

UNIT-III
Fuzzy sets, Fuzzy operation, Fuzzy relations, Fuzzy relational equations, Fuzzy
measure, Fuzzy functions, Approximate reasoning, Fuzzy propositions, Fuzzy
quantifiers, If-then rules.

UNIT-IV
Structure of Fuzzy Logic Controller, Fuzzification models, Database, Rulebase,
Inference Engine, Defuzzication modules, Fuzzy Control Applications, Case studies.

UNIT-V
Adaptive Fuzzy Controllers: Design and Performance Evolution, Membership
functiontuning, Self organizing Controllers, Modelbased Controller, Stability of Fuzzy
Control systems.

Text Books:
1. Jacker.M.Zurada, “Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems”. Jaico Publishing
House,1999.
2. Kosko.B, “Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems”, PHI,1994.
3. Drainkov,Hellendroon,Reinfran, “Introduction to Fuzzy Control”, Narosa
Publishers.
4. John Yen and RejaLangari, “Fuzzy Logic Intelligence, Control and
Information”, Pearson Education,2003.
 EE PSE 206 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
UNIT-I
Introduction: Processor embedded into system, Embedded Hardware Units,
Embedded Software in a system, Embedded system-on-Chip(SOC), Design process,
Classification of embedded systems.

UNIT-II
8051 and Advanced Processor architecture, Memory Organization and Real- World
Interfacing: 8051 architecture, Real world interfacing, Introduction to advanced
architecture, Processor and memory organization, Instruction-level-parallelism,
Performance matrices, Processor selection, Memory selection.

UNIT-III
Devices and Communication buses for Devices and network: I/O types and examples,
serial communication devices, Parallel device ports, Wireless devices, Timer and
Counting devices, Watch dog timer, real time clock.

UNIT-IV
Device Drivers and Interrupts service Mechanism. Programmed I/O Busy- Approach
with interrupt service mechanism, ISR concept, Interrupt sources, Interrupt handling
mechanism, multiple interrupts, DMA, Device driver programming.

UNIT-V
Real-Time- Operating systems: OS Services, Process management, Timer functions,
Event functions , Memory management, Real- time Operating systems, Basic design
using an RTOS. Introduction to Real time Operating Systems: Windows CE, OSEK,
Linux 2.6.X and RT Linux.

Text Books:
1. Raj Kamal, “Embedded Systems” (T M H), 2008.
2. Peter Marwedel, “ Embedded System Design” – Springer Verlog, 2006.
3. Jane W. S. Liu, “Real time Systems”, -Pearson Education, 2000.
 EE PSE 207 HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING

UNIT –I

Generation of high D.C. and A.C. voltages – Introduction, Half wave rectifier circuit,
Cockroft-Walton voltage multiplier circuit, Electrostatic generator, Generation of high
a.c. voltages by cascaded transformers, Series resonant circuit.
Generation of impulse voltages and currents – Definitions, Impulse generator circuits,
Multistage impulse generator circuits, Triggering of impulse generator, Impulse current
generation.

UNIT –II
Measurement of high voltages and currents – Introduction, Sphere gap, uniform field
spark gap, Rod gap, Electrostatic voltmeter, Generating voltmeter, Chubb-Fortescue
method, Impulse voltage measurement using voltage dividers, Measurement of high
d.c., a.c. and impulse currents.

UNIT -III
High voltage testing of electrical equipment – Testing of overhead line insulators,
Testing of cables, Testing of bushings, Testing of power capacitors , Testing of power
transformers, Testing of circuit breakers.

UNIT -IV
Non-Destructive insulation techniques – Measurement of resistivity, Measurement of
dielectric constant and loss factor, High voltage schering bridge measurement of large
capacitances, Partial discharges.

UNIT –V
Break down mechanism of gases, Liquid and solid insulating materials – Introduction,
Mechanism of breakdown of gases, Townsend’s first ionization coefficient, Cathode
processes secondary effects, townsend’s second ionization coefficient, Townsend
breakdown mechanism, Paschen’s law, Principles of breakdown of solid and liquid
dielectrics.

Text Books
1. C.L.Wadhwa – High voltage Engineering
2. Dieter Kind – An introduction to high voltage experimental technique
3. Kuffel&Zaengle – High voltage engg.fundamentals
4. M. S.Naidu&Kamaraju – High voltage engg .fundamentals
 EE PSE 208 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

UNIT-I

Introduction: Introduction to Energy Conversion, Principle of Renewable Energy Systems,

Technical and Social Implications, Solar Radiation, Thermoelectric Conversion, Principles of
Solar Energy collection, Characteristics and principles of different types of collectors and their
efficiencies. Solar energy applications, water heaters, air heaters, solar cooling, solar cooking,
solar drying and power generation, solar tower concept, solar pump, Introduction to
Photovoltaic cells, PV array and PV module, Maximum power point tracking system.

UNIT-II

Wind energy: Wind energy, Characteristics, Aerodynamics, Power extraction, Types of wind
machines, Performance of Wind Machines, Wind Mills, Applications, Economics of wind
power.

UNIT-III

Ocean & Geothermal Energy: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Systems, Tidal and Wave
power-applications. Principle of working of Geothermal Power Plants, Advantages and
Disadvantages over other energy forms, Applications of Geothermal Energy.

UNIT-IV

BIO- Energy: Energy from Bio-mass, Bio conversion processes. Bio-gas generation and
utilization, Bio-gas plants various types, Industrial Wastes, Municipal waste, Burning, Plants,
Energy from the Agricultural wastes.
UNIT-V

MHD Power Generation, Fuel Cells & Hybrid- Energy System: MHD Generators,
Application of MHD generation, Fuel cells types, applications. Diesel Generator and Photo-
Voltaic System, Wind-Diesel System, Wind-Photovoltaic Systems.

TEXTBOOKS

1. Non-Conventional Energy Sources, G.D.Rai, Khanna publishers, Fourth Edition, 2009.

2. Wind electrical systems, S.N.Bhadra, D. Kastha, S. Banerjee Oxford University press.

REFERENCES

1. Solar Energy: Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, Sukhatme, S.P., Tata McGraw-
Hill, New Delhi.
2. Fuel Cell Systems, James Larminie , Andrew Dicks , John Weily& Sons Ltd.
3. Wind Energy Explained ,J.F.Manwell,J.G.McGowan,A.L.Rogers ,John Weily& Sons Ltd.
4. MHD Power Generation Engineering Aspects, E.J. Womack, Chapman and Hall Publication.
 EE PSAU205 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(Audit Course)

UNIT-I
Introduction
Research-meaning, objectives and motivation; types of research- research process-
research and scientific method- research process- criteria for good research
Meaning of research design-need for research design-features of good design- different
research designs-steps in developing a research plan

UNIT-II
Data collection and analysis
Primary and secondary data- data presentation – selection of appropriate method for
data collection
Review of basic statistical measures: mean, median and mode, geometric and harmonic
mean, range- quartile, average and standard deviations - coefficient of variation-
measures of skewness – analysis of variance (ANOVA)

UNIT-III
Regression and probability analysis
Simple regression-multiple regression – Time series analysis, Binomial, Poisson,
Exponential, Normal, Log-normal, Rayleigh and Gaussian distributions

UNIT-IV
Interpolation and report writing
Techniques of interpolation, precaution in interpolation – significance of report writing
– different steps in report writing- layout of research report - drafting a research report

UNIT-V
Introduction to MATLAB
Declaration of variables, building functions- 2D and 3D plotting
Introduction to tool boxes: Control systems, ANN, and Fuzzy logic. Basics of
SIMULINK design

References
1. C.R.Kothari, Research methodology, wishwa prakashan
2. R.Pannerselvan, Research methodology,PHI edition
3. Harnitter, introduction to MATLAB
4.Summathi and Sivanandam, “MATLAB and its applications”, PHI