Cls Jeead-17-18 Xii Che Target-5 Set-2 Chapter-1

Chapter 1
The Solid State
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
1. Which of the following layering pattern will have a void fraction of 0.26?
(1) ABCCBAABC... (2) ABCABCABC... (3) ABBAABBBA... (4) ABCAABCA...
Sol. Answer (2)
ABCABCABC...........packing is similar to FCC packing

4
4  ⎛ a ⎞3
Packing fraction = 3 ⎜ ⎟ = 0.74
a3 ⎝ 2 2 ⎠
 Void fraction = 1 – 0.74 = 0.26
2. A binary solid has atoms B constitutes fcc lattice and atoms A occupies 25% of tetrahedral holes. The formula
of solid is
(1) AB (2) A2B (3) AB2 (4) AB4
Sol. Answer (3)
B– occupies the lattice :
1 1
 B– ions = 8   6 4
8 2
Number of tetrahedral voids = 8
25
 A+ becomes ×8=2
100
 Formula of solid = A2B4 or AB2
3. Which of the following contains only one Bravais lattice?
(1) Hexagonal (2) Cubic (3) Tetragonal (4) Monoclinic
Sol. Answer (1)
Only one Bravais lattice is present in ‘Hexagonal’ form.
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66 The Solid State Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
4. If a cation leaves a site in solid lattice, and is located at an interstitial position. The lattice defect is
(1) Interstitial defect (2) Schottky defect (3) Valency defect (4) Frenkel defect
Sol. Answer (4)
It is a Frenkel’s defect where a cation leaves the site and occupies an interstitial position.
5. The ratio of number of closed packed atoms to the number of tetrahedral holes in cubic closed packing is
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 1 : 2 (3) 1 : 3 (4) 2 : 1
Sol. Answer (2)
In CCP :
1 1
No. of atoms present = 8 × +6× =4
8 2
Number of tetrahedral voids = 8
4
 Ratio = =1:2
8
6. In Zinc blende structure, Zn+2 ions are present in alternate tetrahedral voids and S–2 in ccp. The coordination
number of Zn+2 and S–2 are respectively
(1) 8, 8 (2) 4, 4 (3) 4, 8 (4) 8, 4
Sol. Answer (2)
Since S2– occupies ccp.
1 1
 Number of S2– = 8 × +6× =4
8 2
Zn2+ occupies alternate tetrahedral voids
1
 Zn2+ = 8 × =4
2
Coordination number becomes 4 : 4.
7. Anti-ferromagnetism is in
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
Sol. Answer (4)
Anti Ferromagnetic has a compensatory wavy form

8. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

(1) Crystalline solids have sharp melting and boiling points
(2) FCC possesses closest packing of atoms in it
(3) Increase in pressure in ionic solids may decrease coordination number
(4) NaCl has 6 : 6 coordination number
Sol. Answer (3)
Increase in pressure in ionic solids may increase the coordination number. So, 3rd option is incorrect.
Solution of Assignment (Set-2) The Solid State 67
9. An element (At. mass = 50 g/mol) having fcc structure has unit cell edge length 400 pm. The density of
element is
(1) 5.188 g/cc (2) 10.376 g/cc (3) 2.56 g/cc (4) 1.2 g/cc
Sol. Answer (1)
Given : Mw = 50 g; Z = 4; a = 400 pm
 a = 400 × 10–12 × 102 cm = 4 × 10–8 cm
Z  Mw 4  50

  
a  NA (4  10 )  6.023  1023
3 –8 3
200  10 2000

   = 5.188 g/cm3.
64  6.023 64  6.023
10. An ionic solid crystallizes as rock salt structure (NaCl) and the edge length of fcc unit cell having rock salt
structure is 508 pm. If the radius of cation is 110 pm, then radius of the anion is
(1) 144 pm (2) 288 pm (3) 398 pm (4) 618 pm
Sol. Answer (1)
a (FCC) = 508 pm ; Rc = 110 pm
R(anion) = ?
We can say
2(Rc + Ra) = a
a 508
 Rc + Ra =  = 254 pm
2 2
 Ra = 254 – 110 = 144 pm
11. In a crystalline solid, anion B are arranged in cubic close packing and cation A are equally distributed between
octahedral and tetrahedral voids. If all the octahedral voids are occupied, the formula for the solid is
(1) AB (2) AB2 (3) A2B (4) A2B3
Sol. Answer (3)
Anions ‘B’ are in CCP
1 1
Therefore no. of anions = 8   6  4
8 2
Cation A are equally distributed between octahedral and tetrahedral voids
4 O-voids are occupied
4 T-voids are occupied
 Cations A are 4 + 4 = 8
 Formula becomes A8B4 = A2B
12. A tetrahedral void in fcc is formed by atoms at

(1) 3 corners + 1 face centre
(2) 3 face centres + 1 corner
(3) 2 face centres + 2 corners
(4) 2 face centres + 1 corner + 1 body centre
Sol. Answer (2)
A tetrahedral void is formed by one corner and three face centres.
13. Which of the following has highest number of formula units per unit cell?
(1) NaCl type structure (2) Na2O type structure
(3) CaF2 type structure (4) All have same number of formula unit
Sol. Answer (4)
All have the four formula units.
14. Density of crystal decreases in

(1) Schottky defect (2) Frenkel defect
(3) Interstitial defect (4) Metal excess defect
Sol. Answer (1)
In Schottky defect, equal no. of positive and negative ions are missing hence there is a decrease in density.
15. The number of atoms in 100 g of a bcc crystal lattice with density = 10 g/cc and edge length = 100 pm is
(1) 4 × 1025 (2) 2 × 1025 (3) 8 × 1025 (4) 1 × 1025
Sol. Answer (2)
For a BCC unit cell, Z = 2
 = 10 g/cc : a = 100 pm × 10–12 × 102
 a = 1 × 10–8 cm
Z  Mw

a3  NA
10  (108 )3  6.023  1023

Mw 
2
6.023
= 10 × 10–24 × 1023 × = 3.016
2
3.016 g  Avogadro number of atoms, NA
NA
1 g 
3.016
NA 6.023  1023  100
100 g  × 100 =
3.016 3.016
 Number of atoms = 2 × 1025
16. Element x, y and z crystallize in primitive, face centered and body centered unit cell respectively. What would
be the correct order of metallic radii if volume of each unit cell is same?
(1) rx > rz > ry (2) ry > rz > rx (3) rx > ry > rz (4) ry > rx > rz
Sol. Answer (1)
a
x (Primitive) ; rx =
2
a
y (FCC) ; ry =
2 2
3a
z (BCC) ; rz =
4
 rx > r z > r y
17. Zinc sulphide exists in two different structural forms as zinc blende (FCC) and Wurtzite (HCP). What will be
the coordination number of cation and anion in both the structures?
(1) 6 : 6 for both (2) 4 : 4 for both
(3) 4 : 4 and 6 : 6 respectively (4) 6 : 6 and 4 : 4 respectively
Sol. Answer (2)
In fcc and hcp for Zinc blende and Wurtzite, Zn2+ is surrounded by 4 S2– ions and vice versa. Therefore, the
coordination number is 4 : 4.
18. F-centers are related to

(1) fcc center (2) Metal deficiency defect
(3) Anion vacancy defect (4) Face center
Sol. Answer (3)
When Anions are deficient, vacancies are occupied by ‘electrons’ which are called as F centers.
19. Tetrahedral void is surrounded by four atoms. Which atoms in the given figure are around the tetrahedral void?
4
3
5
2
1
(1) 2, 3, 4 and 5 (2) 1, 3, 4, 5 (3) 1, 2, 3, 4 (4) 2, 4, 5

Sol. Answer (3)
Tetrahedral void is formed by one corner and atoms at the face centres.
 1, 2, 3 & 4 atoms are around the tetrahedral void.
20. Which of the following is a covalent solid?

(1) Dry ice (2) P4O10 (3) SiC (4) NaCl
Sol. Answer (3)
SiC forms a covalent solid.
21. What type of defects are represented by given figure?
= Cation
–
e
= Anion
(1) Frenkel defect (2) Metal excess defect

(3) Cation deficiency defect (4) Interstitial defect
Sol. Answer (2)
In metal excess defect metal cations becomes excess because of which electrons occupy anionic positions
to make it electrically neutral.
22. NH4Cl crystallizes in a body-centered cubic type lattice with a unit cell edge length of 387 pm. The distance
between the oppositely charged ions in the lattice is
(1) 335.1 pm (2) 83.77 pm (3) 274.46 pm (4) 137.23 pm
Sol. Answer (1)
3a
For BCC opp charged ions touch at
2
a = 387 pm
3a
 335.1 pm
2
23. Quartz on strong heating followed by rapid cooling gives glass which is an amorphous solid because
(1) Glass is a super cooled liquid
(2) Glass does not have a sharp melting point
(3) Silicate tetrahedral unit are shifted in randomly arranged pattern
(4) Glass is a silicate of sodium
Sol. Answer (3)
Glass is an amorphous solid as silicate tetrahedral unit are shifted in randomly arranged pattern.
24. In diamond, carbon atom occupy FCC lattice points as well as alternate tetrahedral voids. If edge length of
the unit cell is 3.56 pm, then radius of carbon atom is
(1) 77.07 pm (2) 154.14 pm (3) 251.7 pm (4) 89 pm
Sol. Answer (1)
3a
In FCC tetra void touch the lattice point at
4
3a
  2r r = Radius of carbon atom
4
3  356 pm
r  77.07 pm
8
25. CsBr has cubic structure with edge length 4.3 Å. The shortest interionic distance between Cs+ and Br– is
(1) 3.72 Å (2) 1.86 Å (3) 7.44 Å (4) 4.3 Å
Sol. Answer (1)
a = 4.3 Å
Body diagonal = 3a
3a 1
Interionic distance =  (body diagonal)
2 2
3a 3  4.3
  3.72 Å
2 2
26. Lithium crystallizes in a body centred cubic lattice, how many next nearest neighbours does each Li has?
(1) 8 (2) 6 (3) 12 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (2)
For BCC crystallization
No. of nearest neighbouring atoms = 8
No. of next nearest neighbouring atoms = 6.
27. The ionic radii of Rb+ and I– are 1.46 and 2.16 Å. The most probable type of structure exhibited by Rbl is
(1) CsCl type (2) NaCl type (3) ZnS type (4) CaF2 type
Sol. Answer (2)
The radius ratio for the given below values
R  1.46
Rb
  0.67
R– 2.16
I
The radius ratio lies within the range 0.414 to 0.732 hence it becomes NaCl type.
28. In a compound XY2O4 oxide ions are arranged in ccp structure. Cation X are present in octahedral voids and
cation Y are equally distributed between octahedral and tetrahedral voids. The fraction of the octahedral voids
occupied is
1 1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 2 8 6
Sol. Answer (2)
1 1
O2– occupies ccp  O2– is equal to 8   6 4
8 2
‘X’ is present in O Voids

‘Y’ is present in T Voids as well as O Voids
1
Therefore, 2 atoms are present in O voids. So, fraction of octahedral voids occupied is equal to =
2
29. Metallic gold crystallises in fcc lattice with edge length 4.070 Å. The closet distance between gold atoms is
(1) 2.878 Å (2) 8.140 Å (3) 2.035 Å (4) 1.357 Å
Sol. Answer (1)
For FCC lattice
Edge length a = 4.070 Å
a 4.070
d =  2.878 Å
2 1.414
30. If nickel oxide has the formula Ni0.98O, then what fraction of nickel exists as Ni3+?
(1) 96% (2) 4% (3) 98% (4) 2%
Sol. Answer (2)
Let nNi2  x
 
nNi3 (0.98  x)
Applying charge balance
3x + 2(0.98 – x) = 2
 x = 2(1 – 0.98) = 0.04
0.04
Percentage of Ni3+ =  100 
4.08
0.98
31. In a CCP structure of compound XY, atom X is present at octahedral voids. The ratio of 6th C. N. and 3rd C.N.
for an atom X located at body-centre is
1 1
(1) 3 (2) (3) 4 (4)
3 4
Sol. Answer (1)

6th co-ordination of atom X will be 24 ‘X’ atoms present at four adjacent edge-centres of each of six adjacent
units cells.
3rd co-ordination of atom X will be 8 Y atoms present at all corners of the unit cell.
Therefore,
6 th C.N. 24
  3
3rd C.N. 8
32. A metal crystallizes in two cubic lattices, fcc and bcc, whose edge lengths are 3.5 and 3.0 Å respectively.
The ratio of densities of fcc and bcc unit cells is
(1) 1.295 (2) 1.259 (3) 2.195 (4) 2.591
Sol. Answer (2)
dfcc 4M NA  (3)3

  = 1.259
dbcc NA  (3.5)3 2M
33. In diamond, the C.N. of carbon and number of carbon atoms per unit cell respectively are
(1) 4, 8 (2) 4, 6 (3) 6, 4 (4) 6, 6
Sol. Answer (1)

In diamond C forms ccp in which alternate tetrahedral voids are occupied.
1 1
4  6  8 8
Therefore, C.N. of carbon = 4 and number of C atoms/unit cell =  2
8

(THV )
ccp
34. If the total number of atoms per unit cell in an hcp structure and a bcc structure gets halved,
then ratio of percentage voids in hcp and bcc structures is
34 21 22 37
(1) (2) (3) (4)
27 22 21 34
Sol. Answer (2)
Normal occupancy of hcp = 74%

Normal occupancy of bcc = 68%
If number of atoms in both are halved percentage occupancies will be 37% and 34% respectively for hcp and
bcc, therefore
percentage void in hcp ⎛ 100  37 ⎞ 21

 
percentage void in bcc ⎜⎝ 100  34 ⎟⎠ 22
35. In ionic solids AB and CD, radius-ratios are x and y respectively. If x + y = 0.75 and x – y = 0.25, then cations
in AB and CD are respectively in
(1) T-voids, O-voids (2) O-voids, T-voids (3) T-voids, T-voids (4) O-voids, O-voids
Sol. Answer (2)
rA  rC
  x  y  0.75 … (i)
rB rD
rA  rC
  x  y  0.25 … (ii)
rB rD
 2x = 1  x = 0.5
That lies between 0.414 – 0.732 therefore A+ is in octahedral void and y = 0.25 that lies between 0.225 - 0.414
therefore C+ is in tetrahedral voids.
36. The packing efficiency of the two-dimensional square unit cell shown below is [IIT-JEE 2010]
(1) 39.27% (2) 68.02% (3) 74.05% (4) 78.54%
Sol. Answer (4)
Area covered by particle 2  r 2 2  r 2 

Packing efficiency = = = 
 
2 2 4
Total area a 2 2r
37. A compound MpXq has cubic close packing (ccp) arrangement of X. Its unit cell structure is shown below. The
empirical formula of the compound is [IIT-JEE 2012]
M=
X=
(1) MX (2) MX2 (3) M2X (4) M5X14

Sol. Answer (2)
1 1
Number of X atoms/ ions per unit cell = 8   6 4
8 2
1
Number of M atoms/ions per unit cell = 1  4  2
4
 Empirical formula of the compound is MX2
38. The arrangement of X– ions around A+ ion in solid AX is given in the figure (not drawn to scale). If the radius
of X– is 250 pm, then the radius of A+ is [JEE(Advanced)-2013]
X–
A+
(1) 104 pm (2) 125 pm (3) 183 pm (4) 57 pm

Sol. Answer (1)
Cation A+ occupies octahedral void formed by anions X–. The maximum radius ratio for a cation to
accommodate a octahedral void without distortion is 0.414. Radius of anion X– is 250 pm.
RA
 0.414
R X
R A   0.414  250  103.50 104 pm
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)
1. Which of the following is correctly matched?

(1) In HCP unit cell - No. of effective atoms = 6
(2) In ABC ABC type packing - No. of effective atoms = 12
(3) In FCC unit cell - No. of effective atoms = 12
(4) In primitive unit cell - No. of effective atoms = 1
Sol. Answer (1, 4)
For hcp packing the no. of effective atoms is 6 and in primitive unit cell
1
No. of effective atoms = 8  
1
8
2. Which of the following is/are pseudo solid?

(1) KCl (2) BaCl2.2H2O (3) Rubber (4) Coke
Sol. Answer (3, 4)
Pseudo solids means behaving like solids but atoms in the solid are having irregular arrangement. Rubber
and coke are pseudo solids.
3. Which of the following statements is/are correct for fluorite structure (CaF2)?
(1) Ca2+ ions are in ccp with fcc unit cell and F– ions occupy all the tetrahedral voids
(2) Ca2+ ion is surrounded by 4F– ions
(3) Mass of one unit cell = mass of 4Ca2+ + Mass of 4F–
(4) C.N. of F– = 4, C.No. Ca2+ = 8
Sol. Answer (1, 4)
In CaF2 : Ca2+ occupies FCC (or ccp) and FÈ are present in tetrahedral voids
1 1
 No. of Ca2+ = 8   6 4
8 2
FÈ = 1 × 8 = 8
 Formula becomes Ca4F8  CaF2
Coordination no. of FÈ = 4
Coordination no. of Ca2+ = 8
4. Which of the following represent octahedral void?
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Sol. Answer (1, 3)

Voids are surrounded by six atoms at edge centre & body. So, (1) & (3) are correct answers.
5. Which of the following is/are true statement(s)?

(1) On rising pressure coordination no. changes from 8 : 8 to 6 : 6
(2) On rising temperature coordination no. changes from 8 : 8 to 6 : 6
(3) Compounds with metal deficiency defect may behave as a p-type semiconductor
(4) Compounds with metal excess defect may behave as a p-type semiconductor
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
On raising temperature coordination no. changes from 8 : 8 to 6 : 6 and compounds with metal deficiency
behave as a p-type semiconductor.
6. CsCl has bcc structure. If atomic mass of Cs and Cl atom is 133 and 35.5 amu respectively, what would be
correct about its unit cell?
(1) Number of formula unit (z) = 1 (2) Number of formula unit (z) = 2
(3) Mass of unit cell = 370 g mol–1 (4) Mass of unit cell = 168.5 g mol–1
Sol. Answer (1, 4)
CsCl has BCC structure
Cs = 133, Cl = 35.5
Cs+ is present at the centre and 8 Cl– ions are present at the corners.
 No. of formula unit (z) = 1
Mass of unit cell = 133 + 35.5 = 168.5
 Mw = 133 + 35.5 = 168.5
7. In an oxide, oxide ions are packed with FCC unit cell in which B3+ ion occupy x% of octahedral void and A2+
ion occupy y% of tetrahedral void, then what is correct about the unit cell?
(1) Formula is A3B2O6 in which x = 50% and y = 12.5%
(2) Formula is A2B4O6 in which x = 50% and y = 50%
(3) Formula is AB2O4 in which x = 50% and y = 12.5%
(4) Formula is AB2O4 in which x = 12.5% and y = 50%
Sol. Answer (3)
In AB2O4
O2– present as ccp
1 1
 No. of O2– = 8   6 4
8 2
 4O2– are present
8 T-voids and 4 O-voids are present in FCC unit cell
B3+ occupy x% of O-voids are occupied, since 2B atoms are present,
we can conclude 50% O - voids are occupied
 X = 50%
A2+ ions occupy tetrahedral voids and y% are occupied. Since only one ion is present it means
1
× (T-voids) are present
8
 y = 12.5%
8. Fe3O4 has inverse spinel structure. What is not true about this solid?
(1) Fe3+ ions are equally distributed between octahedral and tetrahedral voids
(2) Tetrahedral voids are equally distributed between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions
(3) No. of O–2 > Fe+3 > Fe+2
(4) Coordination no. of Fe3+ = 8 through out the unit cell
Sol. Answer (2, 4)
Fe3O4 has inverse spinel structure
O2– ions forms FCC unit cell
1
Fe3+ occupies (TV) = one Fe3+
8
1
Fe2+ occupies (OV) = one Fe2+
4
1
Fe3+ occupies (OV) = one Fe3+
4
Formula ratio of Fe2+, Fe3+, O2– = 1 : 2 : 4
9. The density of KBr is 2.75 g/cm3 and edge length of unit cell is 654 pm (K = 39, Br = 80) then what are the
features of this unit cell?
(1) Unit cell is fcc type (2) Number of formula units = 4
(3) Solid has bcc type (4) Number of formula units = 2
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
 (KBr) = 2.75 g/cm3.
a (edge length) = 654 pm
We can apply the equation
Z  Mw 2.75  (6.54  108 )3  (6.023  1023 )
= 3  Z
a  NA 119
(6.54)3  6.023  101

 Z = (2.75) 4
119
 It is FCC lattice (unit cell) and no. of formula unit = 4
10. In fluorite structure of AB2

(1) On subjecting to strong heating it changes to antifluorite structure
(2) Interchanging the position of positive and negative ion changes to antifluorite structure
(3) Coordination number of A = 8 and B = 4
(4) Coordination number of A = 4 and B = 8
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
Fluorite is basically CaF2(AB2)
Interchanging +ve and –ve ions will give antifluorite structure
Coordination no. of A = 8 and B = 4
11. Which of the following defects doesn’t disturb stoichiometry of solid?

(1) Schottky defect (2) Metal excess defect
(3) Non-stoichiometric defects (4) Frenkel defect
Sol. Answer (1, 4)
‘Schottky’ and ‘Frenkel’ defect doesn’t disturb the stoichiometry of the solid.
12. For hcp lattice which statements will be correct?

(1) Coordination number of hcp = 12 (2) Volume of unit cell unoccupied = 74%
(3) It contains both tetrahedral and octahedral voids (4) This is more efficient packing than ccp
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
For Hexagonal packing the coordination number is 12 and contains tetrahedral and octahedral voids.
13. Which of the following is/are true statements?

(1) In Schottky defect density remains constant
(2) KCl is violet on heating with K-metal vapour because of F-centers
(3) Crystals with defects are better conductor of electricity
(4) Al2O3 can show metal deficiency defect
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
KCl is violet. Because of Metal excess defect F-centers are present and because of charge carried in defected
crystals, they are better conductor of electricity.
14. What will be the distance between two nearest neighbours in primitive, fcc and bcc unit cell?
(1) For primitive, d = a (2) For fcc, d = 0.707a
(3) For bcc, d = 1.732a (4) For bcc, d = 1.414a
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
Distance between the neighbouring atoms
⎛ a⎞
For primitive ⎜ d  ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
⎛ a ⎞
For FCC ⎜ d  ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
⎛ 3 a⎞
For BCC ⎜ d  ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
15. In the closest packing of atoms

(1) Coordination number of particles placed in of tetrahedral voids is smaller than octahedral voids
(2) Size of tetrahedral void is larger than that of octahedral void
(3) Size of voids depend upon size of atoms and tetrahedral void is smaller than octahedral void
(4) Radius ratio for tetrahedral voids is smaller than octahedral void
Sol. Answer (1, 3, 4)
Tetrahedral voids have coordination number 4 and are smaller than octahedral voids. Size of voids depends
upon the size of atom and Radius Ratio. T-voids are smaller than octahedral voids. 0.225 to 0.414 for T-voids
and 0.414 to 0.732 for O-voids.
16. In which operation(s), the formula of NaCl remains same?

(1) On passing one body-diagonal plane in unit cell and all the ions are removed touching body-diagonal plane
(2) On passing one rectangular plane in unit cell and all the ions are removed touching rectangular plane
(3) On passing tetrad axis in unit-cell and all the ions are removed touching the tetrad axis
(4) On passing body-diagonal line in unit cell and all the ions are removed touching the body-diagonal line
Body diagonal touches :
4 corners ⎫  4 2
⎬ ⇒ Cl removed 
2 face centres ⎭ 8 2
2 edge centres ⎫  2
⎬ ⇒ Na removed 1
& 1body centre ⎭ 4
Thus same number of Na+ and Cl– are removed
Rectangular plane touches :
4
4 face-centres  Cl– removed =
2
4 edge centres ⎫  4
⎬ ⇒ Na removed 1
1body centre ⎭ 4
Thus same number of Na+ and Cl– are removed.
Tetrad axis touches ;
2 
2 face centres ⇒ Cl
2
& 1 body centre  1 Na+
Thus same number of Na+ and Cl– are removed.
Body-diagonal touches
2
2 corners  Cl– removed =
8
& 1 body centre  Na+ removed = 1
Thus Na+ removed  Cl– removed.
17. Incorrect option(s) about NaCl structure is/are

(1) Only 50% lattice ponits at corners are shared among more then one unit cells
(2) 100% lattice points at edge centres are shared among more then one unit cells
(3) Only 50% lattice points at face centres are shared among more then one unit cells
(4) No lattice point is present on body diagonal of unit cell
18. Incorrect option(s) about a CCP structure is/are

(1) First and fourth layers are repeated (2) First and third layers are repeated
(3) Second and fourth layers are repeated (4) First, third and sixth layers are repeated
Manner of aggregation of layers in ccp can be represented as ABCA……..
So fourth layer repeats.
19. CsCl structure is interchanged into NaCl structure. This can be done because
(1) Temperature is increased (2) Pressure is decreased
(3) Temperature is decreased (4) Presure is increased
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
In CsCl co-ordination number is 8, this can be converted into NaCl structure (CN = 6) by release in packing
that can be achieved either by increase of temperature or by decrease in pressure.
20. All spinel structures do not have

(1) CCP array of anions (2) Simple cubic structure
(3) BCC array of anions (4) HCP array of anions
In spinel structures anions form ccp in which divalent cation occupy tetrahedral void and trivalent cations
occupy octahedral voids.
21. The correct statement(s) regarding defects in solids is(are) [IIT-JEE 2009]
(1) Frenkel defect is usually favoured by a very small difference in the sizes of cation and anion
(2) Frenkel defect is a dislocation defect
(3) Trapping of an electron in the lattice leads to the formation of F-center
(4) Schottky defects have no effect on the physical properties of solids
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
A  Schottky defect are favoured by small difference in sizes of cation and anion.
B  In Frenkel defect cations are dislocated therefore. (True)
C  Electron trapped in lattice are called F-centre. (True)
D  Schottky defect decrease density.
22. If the unit cell of a mineral has cubic close packed (ccp) array of oxygen atoms with m fraction of octahedral
holes occupied by aluminium ions and n fraction of tetrahedral holes occupied by magnesium ions, m and n,
respectively, are [JEE(Advanced)-2015]
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(1) , (2) 1, (3) , (4) ,
2 8 4 2 2 4 8
Sol. Answer (1)
The formula will be MgAl2O4
Total tetrahedral voids = 8
Total octahedral voids = 4
1
as only one Mg atom is present hence, n =
8
2 1
as there are two Al atoms are present hence, m = =
4 2
1 1
 m, n = ,
2 8
23. The CORRECT statements(s) for cubic closed packed (ccp) three dimensional structure is(are)
[JEE(Advanced)-2016]
(1) The number of the nearest neighbours of an atom present in the topmost layer is 12
(2) The efficiency of atom packing is 74%
(3) The number of octahedral and tetrahedral voids per atom are 1 and 2, respectively
(4) The unit of cell edge length is 2 2 times the radius of the atom
In CCP, the coordination number for atom in top-most layer is 9.
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
NaCl is a AB type of solid. Its crystalline structure is known as rock salt structure in which rNa+ and rCl– are
95 and 181 pm respectively, where Cl– is present at the lattice point of face centered cubic unit cell Na+ ions
are located in void and those compounds which have same crystalline structure also have same coordination
system in which Na+ and Cl– ions are surrounded by certain number of opposite ions respectively. Under high
pressure coordination number changes to 8 : 8 type from 6 : 6 type.
1. On subjecting NaCl under high pressure it changes
(1) From NaCl to CsCl (2) From NaCl to ZnS
(3) NaCl remains NaCl (4) It causes Schottky defect
Sol. Answer (3)
There is no change in composition of NaCl when pressure is applied. Only co-ordination number changes.
2. LiCl adopts rock salt crystalline structure in which edge length is 5.40 Å. What would be the radii of Li +?
(1) 0.89 Å (2) 2.7 Å (3) 1.78 Å (4) 0.98 Å
Sol. Answer (1)
Since it is a FCC lattice and cations occupy the octahedral voids.
 2 (R R ) = a [Edge length]
Li Cl–
 2 [RLi  1.81] = 5.40  2R

Li
 3.62 = 5.40
 2R = (5.40) – (3.62) = 1.78

Li
1.78
 R = = 0.89 Å
Li
2
3. In rock salt type structure of AB solid, what would be the maximum radius of X+ that can displace A+ if radius
of B– is 100 pm?
(1) 41.4 pm (2) 73.2 Å (3) 41.4 Å (4) 73.2 pm
Sol. Answer (4)
For solid AB, RB– = 100 pm
R
A
= 0.732  R = (0.732) (100) = 73.2 pm
R A
B–
4. If the atomic mass of Li and Cl are 7 and 35.5 amu respectively, then what would be number of LiCl molecule
in cube of LiCl with length × height × breadth = 1 × 1 × 1 = 1 cm3?
(1) Nearly 2.5 × 1022 (2) Nearly 4 × 1020
(3) Nearly 12 × 1030 (4) Nearly 14 × 1023
Sol. Answer (1)
In volume (a3) number of LiCl molecules = 4
 (5.40 × 10–8)3 cm3 = 4
4
1 cm3 =
(5.40)  10 –24
3
 2.5 × 1022 molecules
5. What is the number of second nearest neighbours of Na+ in NaCl crystal?

(1) 6 (2) 12 (3) 8 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (2)
In a Rock-salt structure number of second nearest neighbours of Na+ in NaCl crystal is 12.
Comprehension-II
Magnesium and Titanium form a crystalline oxide in which Mg appears at the eight corners, oxygen appears
at face centres and titanium appears at the centre of cube. The atomic mass of magnesium, titanium and
oxygen is 24, 45.9 and 16 amu respectively. A similar compound is formed by calcium with titanium and oxygen.
1. What would be the formula of substance (oxide)?

(1) Mg2TiO3 (2) MgTiO3 (3) MgTiO4 (4) Mg2TiO4
Sol. Answer (2)
Mg appears at eight corners.
1
 Mg numbers will be 8 × =1
8
‘O’ appears at centres of faces
1
 6× =3
2
Ti appears at centre of the cube.  Only one Ti is present at the centre.
Hence formula becomes MgTiO3.
2. What would be the number of nearest neighbours for Ti?

(1) 8 (2) 6 (3) 12 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (2)
Since Titanium is surrounded by six faces, therefore, we can say that there are Six (6) neighbouring atoms.
3. What type of crystalline structure does MgTiO3 have?

(1) Spinel (2) Wurtzite (3) Antifluorite (4) Pervoskite
Sol. Answer (4)
MgTiO3 is a Pervoskite structure.
4. What would be the molar mass of unit cell of MgTiO3?

(1) Nearly 118 g mol–1 (2) 236 g mol–1 (3) 59 g mol–1 (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Molar mass of MgTiO3 is
24 + 45.9 + (16 × 3) = 117.9 g/mol.  118 g/mol
Comprehension-III
Atoms A, B, C and D are located at corners, face-centres, T-voids and O-voids respectively.
1. It atoms touching one of the body-diagonal plane of symmetry are removed, then formula of compound is
(1) AB2C4D7 (2) AB4C8D7 (3) AB2C4D5 (4) AB4C8D5
Sol. Answer (4)
Body diagonal plane touches :
4
4 corners removed A =
8
2
2 face-centres removed B =
2
4THVs  removed C = 4
⎧2 edge centres ⎫ 2
&⎨ ⎬ ⇒ removed D 1
⎩1body  centre ⎭ 4
Therefore, compared will become
A 1 B3 1 C8  4 D 3  AB4 C8D5
1 4
2 2
2. If atoms touching each of one of the 2-fold, 3-fold and 4-fold axis of symmetry are removed, then formula of
compound is
(1) A3B4C12D10 (2) A3B2C6D5 (3) A3B8C24D10 (4) A3B6D3D5
Sol. Answer (3)
Two fold axis is along diagonally opposite edge centres so
A removed = 0
2
D removed = 1 
4
2
3-fold axis is along body diagonal so A removed =
8
2
3-fold axis passes through opposite face centres, so B removed =
2
Therefore, overall the compound will be
A 1 B3 1 C8 D 3  A 3 B2 C8 D 5
1 4
4 2 4 2
 A3B8C21D10
3. If the body-centre is the origin and atoms present in (or touching) first octant are removed, then formula of the
compound is
(1) A7B12C56D18 (2) A7B12C28D20 (3) A16B7C28D20 (4) A7B16C56D18
Sol. Answer (1)
A removed = 1/8
B removed = 3/2
C removed = 1
D removed = 7/4
Therefore overall the compound will be A 7/8 B3/2 C7 D9/4
i.e., A 7 B12 C56 D18
4. If the minimum distances of atoms B, C and D from atom A are x, y and z respectively, then x : y : z is equal to
(1) 2 2 : 3 : 2 3 (2) 2 2 : 3 :2 (3) 2 2 : 3 : 2 (4) 2 2 : 3 : 1
Sol. Answer (2)
a a 3 a
AB  , AC  , AD
2 4 2
 ratio 
2 2: 3:2
Comprehension-IV
In hexagonal systems of crystals, a frequently encountered arrangement of atoms is described as a hexagonal
prism. Here, the top and bottom of the cell are regular hexagons and three atoms are sandwiched in between
them. A space-filling model of this structure, called hexagonal close-packed (HCP), is constituted of a sphere
on a flat surface surrounded in the same plane by six identical spheres as closely as possible. Three spheres
are then placed over the first layer so that they touch each other and represent the second layer. Each one
of these three spheres touches three spheres of the bottom layer. Finally, the second layer is covered with a
third layer that is identical to the bottom layer in relative position. Assume radius of every sphere to be ‘r’.
[IIT-JEE 2008]
1. The number of atoms in this HCP unit cell is

(1) 4 (2) 6 (3) 12 (4) 17
Sol. Answer (2)
The number of effective atom in a unit cell
1 1
12   2  3 1
= 6 2 ⎛ no. of atoms in ⎞
 corner   Face
Centre  ⎜ hexagonal primitive ⎟
⎜
⎝ unit cell ⎟
⎠
= 6
2. The volume of this HCP unit cell is
64
(1) 24 2 r 3 (2) 16 2 r 3 (3) 12 2 r 3 (4) r3
3 3
Sol. Answer (1)

Volume of HCP unit cell
= Base area × height
⎛ 3 2⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
= ⎜⎜ 6  4 a ⎟⎟  4r ⎜ 3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
3 ⎛ 2⎞
 2r   ⎜⎜ 4r
2
= 6 ⎟
4 ⎝ 3 ⎟⎠
= 24 2 r 3
3. The empty space in this HCP unit cell is
(1) 74% (2) 47.6% (3) 32% (4) 26%
Sol. Answer (4)
4 3
6
r
3
Packing fraction =
Base area  Height
4 3
6 r
3
=
⎛ 3 2⎞ 2
⎜⎜ 6  a ⎟⎟  4r
⎝ 4 ⎠ 3
= 0.74
% of empty space = (1 – 0.74) × 100
= 26%
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : Schottky type of defect is shown by crystals with high co-ordination numbers.
and
STATEMENT-2 : In Schottky defect, equal number of cations and anions are missing from their lattice sites.
Sol. Answer (2)
In Schottky defect, equal number of positive and negative ions are missing but it does not explain that this
defect is shown by crystal’s with high coordination number.
2. STATEMENT-1 : Na2O adopts structure similar to that of CaF2 but positions of positive and negative ions are
reversed.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The structure of Na2O is also known as antifluorite structure.
Sol. Answer (2)
Statement-1 is correct as both Na2O and CaF2 structures are same. Only positive and negative ions are
interchanged.
 Statement-2 is correct but not the correct explanation.
3. STATEMENT-1 : Metals are generally good conductors of electricity.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Electrical conductivity of metals is due to Schottky type of defect.
Sol. Answer (3)
Metals are good conductors because of presence of free electrons and electrical conductivity is due to charge
carriers, but in Schottky defect positive and negative ions are missing.
4. STATEMENT-1 : Molecular solids have higher melting point than covalent solids.
and
STATEMENT-2 : In molecular solids, the lattice points are occupied by molecules.
Sol. Answer (4)
The covalent forces are stronger than the molecular forces i.e. Melting Point of covalent solids is higher than
that of molecular solid.
 Statement-2 is correct as lattice points are occupied by molecules.
5. STATEMENT-1 : Amorphous solids are isotropic.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Amorphous solids show physical properties like mechanical strength, electrical conductivity
refractive index etc. same in all directions.
Sol. Answer (1)
Amorphous solids are isotropic as they show physical properties same in all direction.
 Statement (2) is the correct explanation of statement (1).
6. STATEMENT-1 : In NaCl structure, Na+ ions occupy octahedral holes and Cl– ions show ccp like packing.
and
a
STATEMENT-2 : The distance of the nearest neighbours in NaCl structure is where a is the edge length
2
of the cube.
Sol. Answer (2)
a
Statement (1) is correct & the distance of the nearest neighbours in NaCl structure is .
2
 So, both statements are correct.
7. STATEMENT-1 : For NaCl structure, Cl– ions occupy corners and face centre and Na+ ions occupy edge
centres and body centre.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The radius ratio of NaCl structure varies from 0.414 to 0.732.
Sol. Answer (3)
Statement (1) is correct as Cl– occupies corners and face centers and Na+ occupies octahedral voids but
radius ratio of NaCl structure is fixed, and not varies from 0.414 to 0.732.
3
8. STATEMENT-1 : For a CsCl unit-cell, r +r  a where a is edge-length.
Cs+ Cl– 2
and
STATEMENT-2 : CsCl structure has FCC type unit-cell.
Sol. Answer (3)
CsCl is bcc type unit cell.
9. STATEMENT-1 : The coordination number of a cation present in an O void is 6.
and
STATEMENT-2 : O-voids are formed due to overlapping of two trigonal voids of adjacent layers.
Sol. Answer (1)
Statement (2) is correct explanation of Statement (1)
10. STATEMENT-1 : p-type semiconductors are formed due to metal excess defect.
and
STATEMENT-2 : F-centres are created due to metal excess defect.
Sol. Answer (4)
p-type are formed by metal deficient defect.
11. STATEMENT-1 : Band gap in germanium is small.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The energy spread of each germanium atomic energy level is infinitesimally small.
[IIT-JEE 2007]
Sol. Answer (3)
SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Match the following
Column-I Column-II
(A) Orthorhombic (p) a = b = c;  =  =  = 90º
(B) Cubic (q) a  b  c;  =  =  = 90°
(C) Monoclinic (r) a  b  c;  =  = 90º and   90º
(D) Hexagonal (s) a = b  c;  =  = 90º and  = 120º
Sol. Answer A(q), B(p), C(r), D(s)
Column-I Column-II
(A) Al2O3 (p) Co-ordination no. of cation = 4
(B) NaCl (q) Co-ordination no. of anion = 4
(C) CaF2 (r) hcp lattice of anions
(D) Li2O (s) Co-ordination no. of anion = 6
Sol. Answer A(r), B(s), C(q), D(p)
(A) AlCl3 forms CCP lattice of Cl– . Octahedral holes are occupied by Al3+. Coordination number of Al3+ is 6.
(B) NaCl forms CCP lattice of Cl– in which all Octahedral holes are occupied by Na+. Co-ordination number
of Na+ is 6.
(C) CaF2 form CCP lattice of Ca2+ in which all tetrahedral holes are occupied by F–. C.N of F– is 4.
(D) Li2O forms reverse structure of CaF2.
Column-I Column-II
(A) Monoclinic (p) Primitive only
(B) Tetragonal (q) Primitive and end centred
(C) Orthorhombic (r) Primitive; face centred; body centred and end
centred
(D) Rhombohedral (s) Primitive and body centred
Sol. Answer A(q), B(s), C(r), D(p)
Column-I Column-II
(Nearest neighbours of Cl– in NaCl lattice) (Number of nearest neighbours)
(A) 1st co-ordination number (p) 12
(B) 2nd co-ordination number (q) 24
(C) 3rd co-ordination number (r) 6
(D) 5th co-ordination number (s) 8
Sol. Answer A(r), B(p), C(s), D(q)
5. Match the crystal system/unit cells mentioned in Column I with their characteristic features mentioned in
Column II. [IIT-JEE-2007]
Column I Column II
(A) Simple cubic and face-centred cubic (p) Have these cell parameters a = b = c and
== 
(B) Cubic and rhombohedral (q) Are two crystal systems
(C) Cubic and tetragonal (r) Have only two crystallographic angles of 90°
(D) Hexagonal and monoclinic (s) Belong to same crystal system
Sol. Answer A(p, s), B(p, q), C(q), D(q, r)
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. What are the number of total planes of symmetry in a cube?
Sol. Answer (9)
Fact.
2. How many aluminium ions are present per unit cell of corundum (Al2O3)?
Sol. Answer (4)
O2– ions are in HCP
2
Al3+ ions occupy rd octahedral holes.
3
2
Hence, n = ×6=4
3
3. Calculate the number of formula units of NaCl per unit cell of NaCl.
Given :
(i) Internuclear distance of adjacent ions = 0.282 nm
(ii) Density of solid NaCl = 2.17 × 103 kg/m3
Sol. Answer (4)
  N0  Vuc
Z ⇒Z4
M
4. Solid spheres of diameter 10 cm are arranged in a square packing, with side of the square as
50 cm. If ‘n’ is the number of spheres whose centre either lie inside or on the side of the square, then find
the value of n .
Sol. Answer (6)
Total no. of spheres whose centre either lie inside or on the side of the square are 36.
So, n =6
5. In a B.C.C. unit-cell of compound AB, A is located at cubical void. Calculate the ratio of 4th C.N. and 3rd C.N.
of A.
Sol. Answer (2)
4th C.N. of A will be 24 B on corners of adjacent unit cells on each face.
3rd C.N. of A will be 12.
 ratio = 2
6. Atoms A, B, C and D are present at corners, face centres, body-centre and edge-centres respectively. If atoms
touching one of the 2-fold axis, 3-fold axis and 4-fold axis are removed, then total number of atoms remaining
1
per unit cell is x + . Find x.
4
Sol. Answer (5)
Two fold axis is along diagonally opposite edge centres, so
2
C removed = (1) and D removed =
4
Three fold axis is along body-diagonal, so
2
A removed =
8
4-fold axis passes through opposite face-centres
2
So, B removed =
2
Originally the molecule is AB3CD3, after removal it will become A 1 B3 1 C11 D 1
1 3
4 2
3 5 (3  8  10) 21 ⎛ 1⎞
Remaining atoms =  2
0   ⎜5  ⎟
4 2 4 4 ⎝ 4⎠
 x=5
7. In following unit cell find out the difference of number of axis of rotation to the number of planes of symmetry
Sol. Answer (0)
8. The number of hexagonal faces that are present in truncated octahedron is [IIT-JEE 2011]
Sol. Answer (8)

Truncated octahedron contain 14 faces out of that eight are hexagonal and six are square.
SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
r
1. STATEMENT-1 : In fluorite structure,  1.
r
STATEMENT-2 : Effectively there are 4 unoccupied octahedral voids in a unit cell of CaF2 .
STATEMENT-3 : Effectively there are 4 unoccupied tetrahedral voids in a unit cell of CaF2 .
(1) T F F (2) TFT (3) FFF (4) TTF
Sol. Answer (4)
See description of fluorite structure.
2. STATEMENT-1 : There are 6 atoms of Mg for unit cell of its crystal.
STATEMENT-2 : Mg forms HCP lattice.
STATEMENT-3 : Packing fraction of Mg crystal is 0.74.
(1) TTT (2) FF T (3) TFT (4) T TF
Sol. Answer (1)
Factual
3. STATEMENT-1 : In a hexagonal close packing, third layer is identical to first layer.

STATEMENT-2 : In a primitive unit-cell, the third nearest neighbours of an atom located at a corner are at the
other end of face-diagonal.
STATEMENT-3 : If the radius of cation is nearly equal to radius of anion, then most favourable arrangement
is BCC.
(1) TTT (2) FFT (3) TFT (4) TTF
Sol. Answer (3)
Third nearest neighbour in S.C. is at the other end of body-diagonal.
SECTION - H
Aakash Challengers Questions
1. Potassium crystallizes in bcc unit cell with distance between nearest neighbours of 4.52 Å, if its atomic
mass = 39 amu.
(a) What would be edge length of unit cell?
(b) What would be the density of K metal?
(c) How many nearest neighbouring atoms does each potassium atom has?
a 3
Sol. In bcc nearest distance 
2
= 4.52
⎛ 4.52  2 ⎞

(a) a ⎜ ⎟ Å 5.22 Å
⎝ 3 ⎠
2  39
(b) d  0.919 g/cc
6.022  1023  (5.22  10 10 )3
(c) 8
2. An element occurs in BCC with edge length 300 pm. The density of solid is 7.2 g cm–3. Find out
(a) Number of atoms in foil of 27 cm2 area and 1 cm thickness.
(b) Number of unit cells in the foil.
(c) Number of atoms in a foil of 100 g.
2M
Sol. d  7.2
6.022  10  (300  10 10 )3
23
7.2  6.022  27  10 7  106

M  58.5
2
⎛ 27  1 7.2 ⎞
(a) Number of atoms = ⎜ 24 ⎟
⎝ 58.5  1.66  10 ⎠
= 2 × 1024
2
(b) Number of unit cells in the foil =  1024
2
(c) Same as part (a)
3. Calculate the ratio of minimum distances between two T-voids and two alternate T-voids in a cubic unit-cell.
a
Sol. Minimum distance between two THVs =
2
a 2
Distance between alternate THVs =
2
1
 Ratio =
2
4. KF crystallizes in the rock salt type structure. If the radius of K+ ion is 132 pm and that of F– ion is 135 pm,
(i) What is the shortest distance between K+ and F– ions? (ii) What is the edge length of the unit cell ?
(iii) What is closest K-K distance?
Sol. Shortest distance = r+ + r– = 132 + 135 = 267 pm
Edge length = 2(r+ + r–) = 534 pm
a 534
K–K distance =  377.6 pm
2 1.414
5. AB crystallizes in a rock salt structure. The nearest distance between A and B is Y1/3 nm, where Y is a
constant. The molecular mass of AB is 6.023 Y g/mol–1. Determine the density in kgm–3.
1
a
Sol. Nearest distance =  y3
2
1
 a  2y 3
M = 6.023 y
4  6.023y 40
d 3
 10 24   5 kgm3
⎛ 3⎞1 8
⎜ 2y ⎟  6.023  10
23
⎝ ⎠
6. Four solids W, X, Y and Z are given. All have a metallic lustre. The solids could be gold, lead sulphide, mica
(which is quartz or SiO2) and iodine. The results of the investigation are:
(a) W is a good electrical conductor; X, Y and Z are poor electrical conductors.
(b) When the solids are hit with a hammer, W flattens out, X shatters into many pieces, Y is smashed into
a powder and Z is not affected.
(c) When the solids are heated with a Bunsen burner, Y melts with some sublimation, but X, W and Z do
not melt.
(d) In treatment with 7M HNO3, X dissolves and there is no effect on W, Y or Z.
On the basis of these test results, identify the solids.
Sol. (a) W is gold because metal is good conductor of electricity.
(b) W(gold) is ductile and malleable, X(PbS) is shatters to many pieces, Y(I2) is smashed and Z(SiO2)
which is very hard is not affected.
(c) I2 melts and sublimes, Au, SiO2 and PbS do not melt.
(d) PbS reacts with HNO3, gold has no effect.
7. Tungsten has a body centred cubic lattice and each lattice point is occupied by one atom. Calculate the radius
of metallic tungsten if density of tungsten is 19.30 gcm–3 and atomic weight is 183.9.
zm z  183.9
Sol. d  ⇒ 19.30 
a3  NA ⎛ 4R ⎞
3
⎟  6.023  10
23
⎜
⎝ 3⎠
 R = 1.37 Å.
8. KCl crystallizes in the same type of lattice as does NaCl.
r r
Na+ Na+
Given that,  0.5 and  0.7
r r
Cl– K+
Calculate :
(a) The ratio of the side of unit cell for KCl to that the NaCl
(b) The ratio of density of NaCl to that for KCl.
Sol. Let radius of Na+ is x
aNaCl rNa  rCl x  0.5x 1.5


(a)  
aKCl rK   rCl x 1.928
 0.5x
0.7
x x
rK   rCl 
aKCl 0.7 0.5 3.428
    1.143
aNaCl rNa  rCl x 3
x
0.5
(b) KCl = 1.175
3
dNaCl MNaCl ⎛ aKCl ⎞
 ⎜ ⎟ 
1.17
dKCl MKCl ⎝ aNaCl ⎠
9. Potassium crystallizes in a body centred cubic lattice. What is the approximate number of unit cells in 4.0
gm of potassium? (Atomic mass of potassium = 39)
Sol. Mass of one unit cell = 2 × 39 = 78 amu = 78 × 1.67 × 10–24 g
4 4  6.023  1023
Number of unit cells =   3.09  1022
78  1.67  1024 78
10. An element A (Atomic weight = 100) having b.c.c. structure has unit cell edge length 400 pm. Calculate the
density of A, number of unit cells and number of atoms in 10 g of A.
2  100

Sol. d   1030 5.188 g/cm3
(400)  6.023  1023
3
10
Number of unit cells =  3.011 1022
2  100  1.67  10 24
Number of atoms = 2 × number of unit cell
11. What would be the edge length of that fcc unit cell in which an atom with maximum diameter 117.1 pm can
be placed in between its interstitial sites without changing its structure?
⎛ r ⎞ ⎛ r ⎞
⎜
Sol. Either octahedral voids ⎜ –  0.414 ⎟ or tetrahedral voids ⎜⎜ –  0.225 ⎟⎟ are occupied by interstitial sites in
⎟
⎝r ⎠ ⎝r ⎠
FCC where r+ is the radius of atom in interstitial sites and r– is the radius of atom forming the cubic lattice.
2  0.414  2
Diameter of interstitial site = 117.1 = a
4
 a = 400 pm
12. For a unit cell of edge length 10 Å, atomic mass of that element is 150 amu and density is 1 g cm–3. Find
out the atomic radius.
Sol. Edge length (a) = 10 Å = 10 × 10–10 m = 1.0–9 m = 10–9 × 102 cm = 10–7 cm
Mw = 150 amu
 = 1 g/cm3
We can use the equation
ZM
=
a3  NA
ρ  a3  NA 1 g / cm3  (1  10 –7 )3  6.023  1023

Z= =
M 150
 Z=4
 FCC unit cell is having the radius as
a 10 –7
r= =
2 2 2 2
 r = 3.5 × 10–7 cm or 3.51 Å.
13. In an oxide of iron, oxygen forms hcp and iron occupies two out of every three octahedral voids. Find out the
formula of unit cell and formula of compound.
Sol. Since oxygen forms hcp.
 Six O2– ion are present:
Number of octahedral voids = Number of O2– ion
2 2
of octahedral voids means × 6 = 4 atoms of Fe
3 3
 Formula becomes Fe4O6 or Fe2O3.
14. Iron adopts two different crystalline allotropic forms, one at 1183 K and other one below 1183 K, which differ
in structural units as bcc and fcc and known as  and  forms. What would be the ratio of densities of these
two forms ( and )? Assume inter atomic distance remains same.
Sol. In bcc structure
Body diagonal, 4r = 3a
4r
a=
3
Z = 2 atoms per unit cell
2  56
ZM 3
d ( form) = = ⎛ 4r ⎞  6.023  1023
a3NA ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
In fcc structure,
Face diagonal = 4r = 2 a’
a’ = 2 2
Z = 4 atoms per unit cell

ZM 4  56
d ( form) = 3 =
(a ') NA (2 2 r)  (6.023  1023 )
3
3
⎛ 4r ⎞
2⎜ ⎟
density ratio of  form to  form = ⎝ 3⎠ = 1.0887
(2 2 r)3
15. Chromium metal crystallizes with a body centred cubic lattice. The length of the unit edge is found to be
287 pm. Calculate the atomic radius. What would be the density of chromium in g/cm3?
3a
Sol. r 
4
3  287
r  124.3 pm
4
3
2  52 ⎛ 1 ⎞
d 
23 ⎜ 8 ⎟
7.3 g/cm3
6.023  10 ⎝ 2.87  10 ⎠
16. Lithium borohydride crystallizes in orthorhombic unit cell with 4 molecules per unit cell with a = 6.8 Å, b = 4.4 Å
and c = 7.2 Å. Find the density of solid if molar mass of LiBH4 = 21.76 g mol–1.
Sol. According to the problem,
Z = 4, Molecular weight of LiBH4
= 21.76, Volume (a3) = abc
ZM 4  21.76
= =
a3  NA (6.8  4.4  7.2  10 –30  106 )  6.023  10 23
  = 0.67 g/cm3.
17. The density of KCl is 1.9892 g cm–3. If atomic mass of K and Cl are 39 and 35.5 amu respectively, find the
inter ionic distance of KCl.
ZM
Sol. d =
a3NA
4  74.5
 1.9892 =
a  6.023  1023
3
298
a3 =
1.9892  6.023  1023
= 2.48 × 10–22
a = 6.28 × 10–8 cm = 6.28 Å
Interionic distance in KCl
a 3 6.28  3
= = Å
2 2
6.28  1.732
= Å
2
= 5.43848 Å
= 3.14 Å
18. With the help of given values of ionic radii answer the following questions :
Cations Li+ Na+ K+ Cs+ Mg2+ Ca2+
Ionic radii (pm) 60 95 133 160 65 99
Anions F– Cl– Br– I– O2– S2–
Ionic radii (pm) 135 181 195 216 140 184
(a) What would be coordination number of Mg in MgO?
(b) What type of unit cell is given by CsBr?
(c) Can we substitute Cl– from NaCl by Br – and I– ions without changing the coordination system?
(d) What type of voids are present in Na2S?
(e) What would be the maximum radii of that ion which can fit into site occupied by F– in KF such that K+
just fit without distorting lattice?
Sol. (a) For calculating the coordination number of MgO we calculate the ‘Radius Ratio’ for MgO.
r r 2
Mg 65
For MgO; r = r = = 0.464
– O 2– 140
Since it lies between 0.414 and 0.732 it shows octahedral void and coordination number of Mg is 6.
(b) For CsBr
r  160
Cs
Radius ratio = r = = 0.82
Br – 195
r
Cs
r = 0.82 > 0.732 hence it will form BCC unit cell.
Br –
r 
Na
(c) For NaBr; Radius ratio = r
–
Br
95
 = 0.487 …(i)
195
r 95
Na
For NaI; = = 0.439 …(ii)
rI– 216
Both the above values of radius ratio lies between 0.414 and 0.732 hence we can substitute these anions.
(d) For Na2S Radius ratio
r
Na 95
r = = 0.516
S 2– 184
Hence we can conclude that octahedral and tetrahedral voids both are present.
r 
K
(e) r = 0.414 (for maximum radii)
–
F
133
 r – = 0.414
F
 Radius of anion
133
r– = = 321 pm
(0.414)
19. Calculate the closest distance between two gold atoms (edge length = 1.414 Å) in a face-centred cubic lattice
of gold.
Sol. Answer (1)
a 2 a 1.414
In fcc nearest neighbours will be the points at face-centre and corner =  = 1Å
2 2 1.414
20. In a BCC lattice of a metal, edge-length is 300 pm and its molar mass is 50 g/mol, calculate the density of
metal lattice.
Sol. Answer (6.2)
2  50
d
6.022  1023  (300  1010 )3
102  10 23  1030  10 6


6.022  27
= 0.00615 × 103
= 6.15 g/cc  6.2 g/cc


Cls Jeead-17-18 Xii Che Target-5 Set-2 Chapter-1

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Cls Jeead-17-18 Xii Che Target-5 Set-2 Chapter-1

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Chapter 1

The Solid State

(1) ABCCBAABC... (2) ABCABCABC... (3) ABBAABBBA... (4) ABCAABCA...

Sol. Answer (2)

ABCABCABC...........packing is similar to FCC packing

(1) AB (2) A2B (3) AB2 (4) AB4

Sol. Answer (3)

B– occupies the lattice :

3. Which of the following contains only one Bravais lattice?

(1) Hexagonal (2) Cubic (3) Tetragonal (4) Monoclinic

Sol. Answer (1)

Only one Bravais lattice is present in ‘Hexagonal’ form.

8. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

12. A tetrahedral void in fcc is formed by atoms at

14. Density of crystal decreases in

10  (108 )3  6.023  1023

18. F-centers are related to

(1) 2, 3, 4 and 5 (2) 1, 3, 4, 5 (3) 1, 2, 3, 4 (4) 2, 4, 5

20. Which of the following is a covalent solid?

21. What type of defects are represented by given figure?

(1) Frenkel defect (2) Metal excess defect

(1) 335.1 pm (2) 83.77 pm (3) 274.46 pm (4) 137.23 pm

Sol. Answer (1)

(1) Glass is a super cooled liquid

(2) Glass does not have a sharp melting point

(3) Silicate tetrahedral unit are shifted in randomly arranged pattern

(4) Glass is a silicate of sodium

Sol. Answer (3)

(1) 77.07 pm (2) 154.14 pm (3) 251.7 pm (4) 89 pm

Sol. Answer (1)

(1) 3.72 Å (2) 1.86 Å (3) 7.44 Å (4) 4.3 Å

Sol. Answer (1)

‘X’ is present in O Voids

Applying charge balance

Sol. Answer (1)

Sol. Answer (2)

dfcc 4M NA  (3)3

Sol. Answer (1)

Sol. Answer (2)

Normal occupancy of hcp = 74%

percentage void in hcp ⎛ 100  37 ⎞ 21

Sol. Answer (2)

(1) 39.27% (2) 68.02% (3) 74.05% (4) 78.54%

Sol. Answer (4)

Area covered by particle 2  r 2 2  r 2 

(1) MX (2) MX2 (3) M2X (4) M5X14

(1) 104 pm (2) 125 pm (3) 183 pm (4) 57 pm

R A   0.414  250  103.50 104 pm

1. Which of the following is correctly matched?

2. Which of the following is/are pseudo solid?

4. Which of the following represent octahedral void?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Sol. Answer (1, 3)

5. Which of the following is/are true statement(s)?

(6.54)3  6.023  101

10. In fluorite structure of AB2

11. Which of the following defects doesn’t disturb stoichiometry of solid?

12. For hcp lattice which statements will be correct?

13. Which of the following is/are true statements?

15. In the closest packing of atoms

16. In which operation(s), the formula of NaCl remains same?

17. Incorrect option(s) about NaCl structure is/are

18. Incorrect option(s) about a CCP structure is/are

20. All spinel structures do not have